Shoma nevatengi bhajeti imwe mhuri 4 vanhu. Pfungwa shoma mutengi bhajeti uye kukosha kwayo. Chii chinobatanidzwa mu shoma mutengi bhajeti?

Munhoroondo yose yevanhu, kubva maumambo kupfuura kare uye chidzoke enyika uye zvoupfumi masangano panguva vanhu, mashoko pamusoro mamiriro ezvinhu ndimo rinokosha. Kuti hunoratidza padanho kukura ehurumende.

nguva New - pfungwa itsva

Kukura nzanga dzemazuva ano Akaperekedzwa ari kwaita zveupfumi masangano. Pamwe ichi nani marongedzero kuongorora mitemo yavapenyu. Chete vasiri zvinodiwa pamusoro nguva padivi, nekudunhu kundosangana nevakawanda zvinodiwa vokuparidzira akabuda wokutanga nzvimbo. Pakazopera remakore rechi19 akachinja socio-wevanotungamirira Profile of nyika, vakawedzera zvibereko uye dzidzo vanhu. Zvose izvi zvakaita kuti chidzoke ane zvinodiwa qualitatively itsva dzinoongorora magariro vemo. Kunouya nguva huru dzinotambudza hondo uye kwesayenzi budiriro. Panguva iyi, tinyatsonzwisisa evanhu ezvinhu akanga achikura zveupfumi uye enyika kukosha. With veMubatanidzwa Statistical, Sociological, akarongeka nzira itsva pfungwa "mararamiro" kwasvika kuvandudza.

Basic evanhu mitemo

Nhasi, izvi zvinosanganisira:

• Minimum mubayiro uye urema zvinobatsira (nguva), urovha nekuripira zvizvarwa akagwinya, magariro uye Occupational pensions wevakaremara, zvirema, vakwegura.
• Scholarships vadzidzi, mumwe-kure kana kugara kubhadhara kuti mari shoma vanhu.

Pamwe chete vanoumba kwegadziriro mashoma sotsgaranty. Software ravo - nokuchengeta mamiriro. Vagari anekodzero kugamuchira shoma mubayiro, basa mudyandigere, mumainishuwarenzi, kusanganisira chirwere makomborero, urovha, mangwanani kutarisirwa vaduku, maternity uye zvichingodaro, uyewo zvaida mabasa vakasununguka mune tsika, utano uye dzidzo. Chinoumba neHurumende magariro mutemo Vatsigiri chipenyu mubayiro. With rinofanira kutaura zvose mamwe magariro inopikira uye nezvaanoda.

Consumables-zveminda: Vhuṱanzi, kupatsanura

Paumbwe nyaya uye kwavakazoita kuenzanisa zvakakosha chinobudirira utariri upi upfumi. Maererano zvabuda zvinonzi akagumisa kuti, kusvikira anonzwisisa uye anobatsira mabasa, uye chii chinodiwa kuti kuchinja kugadzirisa mamiriro ezvinhu. Maererano mwero kugutsikana zvinodiwa Munokudzwa:

• Shoma nevatengi bhajeti. Wakaitwa tichitarisa zvinodiwa zuva nezuva zvinodiwa.
• A ndaisagona bhajeti. Kana vaigadzirira ayo kuzviwanira mari chaidzo uye zveminda, uye zviratidzo zvinobva pfungwa sayenzi-chokuita nezvinodiwa uye dzemunharaunda nokuparadzirwa. Izvi zvinobvumira kuti muenzaniso bhajeti kutsauka chaiko rinodyiwa. It anoita senhungamiro iyo inoratidza chii chinofanira kuparadzira zvinokosha zvinhu "Zvakanakisa".
• Elite bhajeti. Zvinonzi akaitira mapoka pamwe yepamusoro mari.

Vakawanda kushandiswa nemutengo nevatengi bhajeti. Inoitwa, sezvinoita mutemo, vaya kutungamirira mhuri. Somuenzaniso, shoma mutengi bhajeti imwe mhuri 4 ndiwo tafura. Muchikamu rimwe zveminda vose vakapiwa kwenguva chaiyo nguva, uye mamwe - mari nokuda iyoyowo. Other nzira yakagadzirwa avhareji bhajeti. Muchiitiko ichi mari uye mari inoshandiswa Avharenji yenyika. Izvi inorangarira mudengu mutengi wacho. Uye shoma mutengi bhajeti, uye paavhareji, uye chaiye vari kugadzirira maererano Statistical Data vakawana mukufamba zvidzidzo inokosha mari uye mari. Kazhinji, chidzidzo rinoitwa kumativi ose. Shoma nevatengi bhajeti iri Russian Federation anoitwa maererano Statistical zveBhaibheri mumaguta ane vanhu vanopfuura zviuru zvine zana namakumi, muna 32 duku uye svikiro kadikidiki nemisha, 58 dzomumaruwa misha. On wose, taidzidza vanenge zviuru zvishanu nemhuri.

The kukarukureta of shoma mutengi bhajeti

Zvinotevera nzira dzinoshandiswa kuziva zviratidzo:

1. Normative. Panyaya iyi, hwaro akagamuchira dzemunharaunda kuti kudyiwa mabasa uye nenhumbi, uyewo avo mutengo zvomene.
2. Statistical. Tichishandisa nzira iyi, shoma mutengi bhajeti rinogadzirirwa pachishandiswa mari, izvo chaizvo dzinoshandiswa vemo.
3. Vasanganiswa. Muchiitiko chino, izvozvo inorangarira zvaanoda zvokudya uye chaiyo mari nezvimwewo.
4. Kuzviitira. Nzira iyi yakavakirwa voruzhinji uye nyanzvi kuongorora.
5. Resource. Shoma nevatengi bhajeti hazvisi maererano hurumende kupa mikana vagari zvidikanwi nezuva zvinodiwa.

Consumables, nefuma zvinogona vanowanika kwete chete mamwe mapoka vokuparidzira, asiwo siyana dzenyika.

Shoma nevatengi bhajeti weRussia

Mumwe nguva kunoratidzwa pamwero zvokunyama zvakanaka, apo kubereka ari kushanda uye vanhu dzichayerera senguva dzose. In richiswedera vakasimudza consumables-kwemari zvinhu ivo zvingasanganisira zvakasiyana mabasa uye zvigadzirwa. Chokwadi kuti chikamu shoma mutengi bhajeti, runoonekwa kuti zvinokosha iyo inogona rinogutiswa inokosha zvinodiwa. Zvikurukuru, izvi zvinosanganisira shangu, mbatya, zvokudya, zvokupfeka, utsanana zvokushandisa, mishonga uye zvichingodaro. Kukosha shoma mutengi bhajeti kunobva padanho iri izvo zvibereko mauto munyika. Muzviitiko zvizhinji kugadzirira nyaya iri kuitwa vachiwedzera zvinodiwa uye dzemunharaunda ari chitoro mutengo. Kana vari ndisipo, ipapo hwaro achitora zvisina kunanga mashoko. Somunhu nechigadziko, hwaakange National hurongwa zvinhu kuchengeteka, anoita shoma mutengi bhajeti uye mari vapenyu. Kusiyana pakati pavo vakaitwa iwe marongerwo nokuparadzirwa zvigadzirwa zvakawanda. Pfungwa shoma mutengi bhajeti inopa kuti, pakati pezvimwe zvinhu, nekurangarira kuti vamwe mari pakunamata. Kazhinji, inosanganisira mari akasiyana-siyana mabasa uye nenhumbi. Naizvozvo, shoma mutengi bhajeti ane saizi kupfuura 3-4 nguva.

Socio-upfumi mamiriro ezvinhu vokuparidzira

A guru kukosha mune characterization vomureza chipenyu zvakakwana aiva nezvishoma kuchinja kubva "avhareji mugari" kuti imba. Razova rainyanya kukosha evanhu zveBhaibheri zvose. Vakabatsira Chisarudzo ichi muna 1992, nzira National nhoroondo yezvinhu. Yaiva nguva yokutanga vanhu Inonzi izere nyaya macroeconomic zvakagadzirwa. Kuti vawane hune tinyatsonzwisisa kuti socio-upfumi pamwero vanofanira kufunga kuti shoma mutengi bhajeti iri chokuita nedzimwe Mapato mari uye upfumi uye socio-wevanotungamirira kukura. Nhasi, yekudyidzana yakawedzera nzeve zvinodiwa kuchengeteka kwevanhu.

Kuongorora mamiriro ezvinhu

Living Standards Assessment vakaperekedza pamusoro Municipality yose. Izvi inorangarira:

• The akaunganidza midziyo.
• mitemo husingatsigirwi unogashirwa nzanga iri kuongorora mari.
• Cash mari.
• Havashandisi mari yakawanda uye kunwa.
• Security zvinhu netsika, zvokutengeserana, pekugara, Arts, kutaura, zvokufambisa, mutengi mabasa, dzidzo, utano uye zvichingodaro.
• State kudzivirira mapoka vanoshupika.
• Bhuku asiri zvokudya zvinogadzirwa rinodyiwa.

zviratidzi akashandiswa kuongorora hurongwa:

• The avhareji mubayiro.
• Subsistence pamwero zvimwe mapoka wevanotungamirira.
• Vanotenga simba kubva Chitatu s / N uye mudyandigere.
• Shoma nevatengi mari chaiyo wevanotungamirira vanhu.
• Cash mari uye zveminda vemapoka mikuru vemunyika.
• Number uye kuwanda vanhu vane mari avhareji idukusa vasiri (subsistence) uye shoma nevatengi bhajeti.
• Distribution zvokudya dzine nedzimwe mari.

Chinonyanya kukosha chakarurama

Sezvazvakanyorwa anomira mari vapenyu. Dudziro tsanangudzo iyi dzakapiwa methodological gadziriro nhamba. zvaakanyora, kuti tizive nokuda risingamboshandisi nevatengi bhajeti, chokuita muchikwata che evanhu chakasimba chekuchengetedzwa ose ehurumende. Kunoratidza kuti vasiri zvinodiwa nevanhu zvinokosha. Subsistence pamwero anosarudza padanho kudyiwa mabasa uye nenhumbi, izvo runoonekwa yakakwana nechokwadi hwandaiva nahwo.

kukura

Subsistence pamwero, asi kuti nechokuita sotsgaranty hurumende hurongwa yaishandiswa kuona urombo mutsetse, anoshanda sepokutangira pakagadzwa uye Kusiyanisa inotambirwa, pensions, kushivirira siyana uye compensations. Rinoshandiswa dzemaitirwe kuti kubatsira zvizvarwa dzaishayiwa.

Interconnection zvinhu

Kutsunga subsistence sezvataurwa pamusoro apa, rinoitwa kushandisa risingamboshandisi kuparadzwa bhajeti parameters. Muchiitiko chino, kufungwa padanho mari unokubvumira zvidikanwi dzevanhu maererano vasiri dzemunharaunda. Ivowo, vanofanira kufukidza muviri simba zvekushandisa vana kukura uye kukura, vakuru zvoupenyu, noutano akwegura uye mari mamwe mabasa uye zvinokosha zvinhu. Shoma nevatengi bhajeti iri kuisa zvichienderana nezera, pabonde uye nzvimbo uye mabasa mberi kwevanhu. kukosha kwayo iri nguva kudzokororwa maererano simba pamusoro mitengo. Kutsanangura kuti zvinokosha chaizvo kukosha mutengi mudengu.

zvinhu zvinodiwa

Suite mishonga kuiswa zvinoenderana shoma kukura simba kudyiwa of Institute pamwe kutora chikamu WHO. mudengu Minimum kusiyaniswa ne 8 okunze munyika dzine. Weboka nharaunda kuitwa maererano quantitative tinyatsonzwisisa zvinoshandiswa kusarudza tsika uye pakurarama kwevanhu, zvichienderana nemamiriro ezvinhu umo vanhu waanogara. Standards nokuti zvinhu asiri zvokudya uye mabasa, uyewo fanira kubhadhara iri maererano mugove nemhuri mari, ane mari shoma. Somunhu ruzivo chawo ndiwo nemamiriro pakudzidza kunodyira 10% yevanhu vane rakadzika kuchengeteka.

Evaluation mufaro

Kusika akanaka ezvinhu nokuti kubereka kunokosha kwete chete kumhanya zvinobudirira imba, asi vo zvakanaka kuronga shoma mutengi bhajeti. Mhuri 4 kunogona zvinotevera zveminda:

• Muhoro.
• Property mari.
• Entrepreneurial purofiti.
• Hurumende dzorubatsiro (pensions, makomborero, dzidzo, vakasununguka mabasa).
• Mari nezvimwe manyuko (nhaka Somuenzaniso).

On the zvekushandisa divi anogona kuva nezvinhu zvinotevera:

• Mitero.
• inishuwarenzi Social.
• Food.
• Kurenda, utilities.
• Shoes uye zvipfeko.
• Midziyo yemagetsi.
• Furniture.
• Transport.
• Entertainment.
• Education.
• Kuwanda.
• Travel.
• Industrial zvinhu.
• Other mari.

The chepamusorosoro kwemari pakati zveminda zviri dzakawanda mhuri mubayiro uye uchishandisa mubereko. Kazhinji, ivo kuona zvakanakira mhuri. Akatevera zvinokosha mari vachida pfuma. Izvi zvingava rendi, rents, mibayiro, mubereko uye zvichingodaro. Kudivi zvekushandisa, nzvimbo yokutanga anogara mari zvokudya. Mumhuri vane mari iri pasi zvishoma, vane hurongwa 60-90%, uye yakakwirira goho - 42%. Mune US, nokuti kuenzanisa, chirungamutauro kuruoko 25.4%, muna Japan - 25-30%. Maererano nokutsvakurudza achiitiswa nyanzvi American, bhuku mudzimba kudyiwa pakutanga pakati 90s. Mari 34,4% of pamwero muUnited States, nokuti mbatya - 39%, uye napamusoro zvigadzirwa - 54%. Kuita bhajeti, yeuka kuti zvakawanda mari zvachose kusina pakwakavakirwa. Somuenzaniso, zvipfuwo nezvoupfumi yakasimbiswa kuti kubudikidza mangwanani '90s akakandwa kubva sezvakarayirwa 15-20% kubva bhekari zvigadzirwa. Pashure kuwedzera mitengo vemo vakatanga kuvabata vakachenjerera. Kana mamwe zvigadzirwa (nyama, mukaka), paavhareji mhuri yake mhosva akarasika vanenge 4-12% yemari.

mitemo isingachinji

Pfungwa "mutengi rokuyeresa" yakatanga hwakatangwa muna 1992 ne vemutungamiri chirevo. Zvino zvakanga vakafunga kuti izvi kwekanguva nechiyero panguva dambudziko. In pave Tswanda vaibva ndechokuti vagari ane reserves zvokudya zvimwe mhando, kutungamirira purazi. Mutemo dare muunganidzwa kwayo, wakatorwa muna March 2006. Pasi chiito, dengu yakawedzera mugove nyama uye hove zvigadzirwa, mukaka, mazai, shuga uye miriwo. Panguva iyoyo akanga akaderedzwa mbatatisi uye chingwa rinodyiwa prices. Maererano Dr. Baturina, dengu hakuna kugadzirirwa kudya ichi nzira. Zvinomirira chete upfumi mureza, izvo zvinoratidza kuti zvinobvira kuti hwandaiva pakurapa nezuva kudya panguva shoma mutengi bhajeti, mukati izvo zvinoita nechokwadi hwakanaka mamiriro.

In mhedziso

The chikuru chinangwa nzanga chero ano Vatsigiri kuvandudza upenyu vemo. Hurumende inofanira kupa akanaka ezvinhu kuti utano, kuchengeteka, refu uye nokubudirira upenyu. Izvi zvinogoneka chete kana pakusika socio-zvoupfumi kugadzikana mukati muvanhu. Standards wokurera kumwe, akasiyana zvikuru kubva mudzimba. Panguva iyoyowo kuteerera chokwadi kuti zvokudya dzakabudirira vakapedza isingasviki hafu mari. Chikamu chikuru kwavari akatuma utilities uye dzimba. Kana Russian mutengi tswanda, zviri zvakare vangasimudzira rakasiyana Western mumwe. On ayo hwaro, kuisa shoma mubayiro uye zvakanakira. Shoma nevatengi bhajeti iri uyewo kumbonaka. Chokwadi kuti zvinoenderana zvinhu zvizhinji - zvakafanana tswanda, shoma mubayiro uye zvichingodaro.