Self-kubereka - zviri ... kuzvidzora kubereka ezvinhu zvipenyu

Kugona zvichiberekana pachahwo kuchiitwa zvipenyu. Zvakasikwa, pane nzira dzakawanda kubereka, achivimbisa kuti chamazuva zvizvarwa panyika.

Self-kubereka ezvinhu zvipenyu

Pasina nedanho kubereka zvipenyu zvingadai havasisipo. Asi chinonyanya kukosha ndechokuti kunoreva izvi. Kupararira mashoko ose zvinhu nemamiriro kusimuka majini zvinhu zviri zvipenyu, rine kuzvidzora kubereka. Izvi zvinonyanya kukosha zvimiso kuvapo upenyu. Pashure pezvose, kana muviri mutsva achava mamwe features, zvinongokonzerwa havazopukunyuki zvimwe runyararo, uye vachaparara. Somuenzaniso, fungidzira: hove vanoberekwa vaine mumapapu pachinzvimbo gills. nezvizvarwa zvevazukuru mhuka idzi vakatondeswa. Vanongouya havana nguva kuti ajairane hwemvura kwezvakatipoteredza uye vachaparara. Asi ichi hariwanikwi zvakasikwa nokuda pamberi nzira anoverengeka kubereka.

agamobium

Self-kubereka masero anogona kuitika pasina kunobatanidza gametes. In miti, voitakura nenzira vegetative nhengo. Vazhinji notumwe, chikwindi, horsetails, ferns uye mosses anoumba spores - masero ose asexual kubereka. Vamwe zvinenge pamusoro muviri nezvimiro ane protrusion, riri kukura nokufamba kwenguva iri rinochinjwa kuva muviri mutsva. Funga izvi ruminant nzira zvizere.

sporulation

Self-kubereka vana zvipenyu achibatsirwa nharo kokutanga inogona kuwanika kupfuura chinyakare zvinomera - algae. Somuenzaniso, spores unicellular Chlamydomonas, vachisiya sero Kamudzira ari rwaamai muviri vatiitire kunze uye nokukurumidza kukura kwayo ukuru. Nechekare pashure vhiki rimwe juveniles vanokwanisa nokuumba masero asexual kubereka. Izvi inodzokororwa kakawanda.

Higher spore nezvinomera ichitanga kukura alternated pabonde uye asexual chizvarwa. Kusawirirana vakaumba chaihwo nhengo. Somuenzaniso, vari akapa vane bhokisi chikwindi pamusoro hunde, mukati vari muchitokisi asexual. Zvinorehwa izvi ndechokuti spore aumbwa yakatofanana rwaamai muviri.

cloning

Hunde, mashizha nemidzi - simba pamwe rinova kuitwa kuzvidzora kubereka. Ndiyo vegetative zvikamu chirimwa. Musimboti izvi iri kudzorerwa zvisipo nhengo dzomuviri. Somuenzaniso, shizha petioles violets pamberi mvura, kupisa uye rezuva nemwaranzi mudzi inokura.

vachiwaridza Wood miti kazhinji inoparadzirwa pachishandiswa pemashanga - chikamu nhungirwa womumwe urefu. Panguva iyoyo vanogona zviripo zvakasiyana muupenyu siyana. Saka vagere mazambiringa, currants, gooseberries. Chikurukuru, ivo petioles vaiva musoro neitsvo.

Kushandiswa kubereka uye nadzurudzo pamusoro vegetative zvomukati. Potato tubers, Strawberry ndebvu, AND tulip Mabumba, rhizomes yakagadzirwa semaruva mumupata - izvi mienzaniso miti ane Kushandurwa Matavi. Nadzurudzo pamudzi, iyo yaishandiswa vegetative kubereka, ndiwo mudzi tuber. Dahlias uye zvinozipa matapiri agokupaiwo kushandisa.

gemmation

Self-kuberekana - muitiro pakusika pachavo mhando kwavo. Imwe nzira iyo ichi kunoitika anonzi yotunga. Saka kuwanda mbiriso, Freshwater hydra, scyphoids polyps uye korari. Kazhinji, kuti itsvo, iyo yakaumbwa pasi muviri kwaamai, zviri wakanamatira kubva otanga chinozvimirira. Asi asina korari kuitika. Somugumisiro kumboongororwa kuumbwa chinoshamisira zvitarisiko.

Forms pabonde muitiro

Rokubereka kubereka zvinoitika pamwe kutora chikamu gametes - nemasero embeu. The kupfuura chinyakare siyana pabonde kubereka ndiko conjugation uye parthenogenesis. Chokutanga izvi zvinogona kunzi somuenzaniso ciliate-shangu. cytoplasmic zambuko achiumbwa pakati masero zvipenyu, umo kuchinja zvikamu magene zvinhu huri DNA mamorekuru.

Parthenogenesis aivawo kuzvipira kuberekana. muitiro uyu kukura ane muviri mutsva kubva unfertilized zai. Kuvapo parthenogenesis somunhu kubereka nzira ine yakakwirira chaizvo chaivo kukosha. Pashure pezvose, mamiriro angamuka kushaya munhu wechirume refu nguva. Zvino kuvapo mhando kwaizoratidzwa panjodzi. Uye chitarisiko vanhu munhukadzi nemasero embeu pasina wekusangana chichiitwa, anogadziriswa dambudziko iri.

In dzakakwirira angiosperms rokubereka nhengo iruva. Its chikuru dzichipfekeka nhengo - Stamens uye pistil - ane gametes: dzisingaoneki uye mazai, ukuwo. Muchangosangana muitiro hazvo kunotangira pollination - kuchinjwa mukume kubva stamen kusvika rusarura. Izvi zvinoitwa nemhepo, tumbuyu kana vanhu. Kumwe utachiona masero ari confluence fomu utachiona uye kupembedza inotonhorera - endosperm. Pamwe chete dzinoumba mbeu, iri muviri pabonde kubereka.

In mhuka, gametes dziri mu omumuviri, vachiita deducing nzira. Maererano dzokubereka nadzo mhando chivakwa vane dioecious uye hermaphrodite - zvinenge umo zvose nechimiro nomunhukadzi, uye vanhurume masero. Izvi kunyanya mhuka parasitic kuti vanopiwa nomuridzi uye havana chavo zvomudumbu hurongwa, vaigara ducts muura hwake.

Meaning nokuzvidzora kuberekana

Self-kubereka - ndiyo ndichengetedze upenyu hwake. Kugona kukura, pamwe chete nezvokudya, kufema, kukura, chiratidzo zvipenyu. Panewo vamiririri makemikari nyika, nokuti iyo zvichiitika rakasiyana. Ava nemavhairasi - non-cellular upenyu siyana. Ivo rinoumbwa nucleic asidhi mamorekuru (DNA kana RNA) uye mapuroteni deko. Ane urongwa hwakadaro kukwanisa bereka ndiyo chete zvinoita muitiro kusarudza kuva zvipenyu. Rakapinza kupinda hondo, vanotanga kubereka ayo nucleic asidhi pachavo uye mapuroteni. nzira iyi kubereka inonzi kuzvidzora gungano. Muchiitiko chino, pezvakaitwa akafanana chakarembera nehondo muviri. The utachiwana anotanga idzore. Saka anotanga chikosoro, herpes, encephalitis nezvimwe zvirwere ane zvakafanana Genesisi. Vakaurayiwa nemavhairasi nezvimedu kuburikidza chiito masero Hauoneki ropa - leukocytes. Vakabata utachiona, vakavaparadza.

Saka, vaigona bereka vamiririri vose bwenyika zvakasikwa. Uye rutoto muitiro kunokosha zvikuru nokuti anosarudza kuti chamazuva zvizvarwa uye kuitira upenyu Panyika.