Renyeredzi Cygnus: zano. History of renyeredzi Cygnus. Kana zviri nani kuchengeta zvinyamutanhatu

Kana kutarira zvakajeka denga zhizha usiku, musoro angatanga chamupidigori kubva kuwanda kwenyeredzi. Dzakadururwa penzvimbo nzvimbo kupfuura misoro yedu kare mwoyo wake, akanininira wake zvakavanzika. Nokuti zvivanakire vose vazhinji nyeredzi renyeredzi yakakamurwa. Kana zviri nani kutarisa mumwe nomumwe wavo, zvichienderana ayo nzvimbo. Kana, zvisinei, akasimuka kubva pasi kusvikira muchadenga, zvichaita zvisingabviri kusangana pane chinhu chakatodzana muenzaniso yokudenga, yaizivikanwa kwatiri kubva pauduku. Zvinhu anoumba renyeredzi, sokunge, kumhanya uye kurega kuumba coherent rose. Izvi imhaka yokuti chero renyeredzi - ndiko fungidziro kudenga, iyo zvemapuranga mitumbi yose yepasi pose, izvo dziri pano mucherechedzi pfungwa maonero. Kutaura zvazviri, daro pakati pavo aigona kuva zviuru chiedza-makore.

Imwe yakakurumbira mifananidzo yokudenga - renyeredzi Cygnus. Kutyaira shiri ichibhururuka zvinosanganisira nyeredzi dzinenge 150, vamwe vari pakati chakajeka zvinhu zvinoonekwa kubva Earth. Pamusana kwavari, renyeredzi Cygnus rakanyatsojeka nyore kuwana mudenga.

akataririra

Vazhinji mudzidzi nyanzvi kubva pauduku munoziva, sokunge renyeredzi pamusoro Cygnus. Nenyeredzi kuti kunobvumirwa nayo, yabuda mune cruciform chimiro, chakafanana guru shiri ane elongated mutsipa uye akavhura mapapiro. Silhouette apa inonzwisisika mhinduro yomubvunzo sei vanonzi renyeredzi Cygnus.

The yakanaka nguva yokucherechedza zviri muzhizha. Zvisinei, Swan kuoneka rose gore. Kudzidza nyore nzira dzakawanda inozivikanwa asterism (hwokufananidzira boka nyeredzi dzinopenya) "Summer Triangle". Part kwayo inyeredzi iri renyeredzi Cygnus, rinonzi Deneb. Vamwe vaviri pamusoro wayo - Vega uye Altair, chimwe chezvinhu unoshamisa pfungwa denga usiku. Renyeredzi Cygnus vana nevabereki vavo vakanga vachifarira nezvenyeredzi, uyewo anoyevedza nokuti rwatambanudzwa achitevedza Gwara Way.

nyaya

Tinoziva denga mepu nhasi handizvo zvaiwanzoitwa. Neimwe nekuti pamusoro nguva, nyeredzi kuchinja nzvimbo yavo. Izvi zvinonyanya kuoneka kune kuuya kwatiri miviri yokudenga. Somuenzaniso, pamusoro kamwe kare Nzvimbo North Star, vanopfuura chiuru 17. Makore akapfuura, hazvina watopiwa zita kupfuura Deneb.

Chimwe chikonzero kupokana rokudenga uye ano mepu kare kuunza pamwe chete nemapoka enyeredzi siyana. Mumwe dzeurongwa zvinyamutanhatu wokutanga anonzi 275 BC. e. It akasikwa nomudetembi wechiGiriki Aratus. basa iri ipapo, pashure pemazana emakore mana, rakadzokororwa Ptolemy. Ake "Almagest" rine mazita 48 enyeredzi. Mumwe wavo (Argo) akanga dzakwidzwa rakakamurwa zvitatu vakaparadzana (Kiel, dzinofura, nechikepe, Compass), uye vanosara zvabatwa zita raro kusvikira ikozvino.

Nhasi, nyanzvi dzinoti 88 enyeredzi. Swan zvinoreva yekare, anotaurwa Ptolemy Donongodzo. Zvisinei, panguva iyoyo akanga aizivikanwa seshiri. History of zvinyamutanhatu Cygnus uye inosanganisira nezvechisikwa zvakanyorwa zvomuchadenga Eudoxus pakati kuKinidho, kudanana kubva muzana remakore rechina BC. Mazita nyeredzi sechikamu Swan nowenyika nezvenguva apo vakawanda sayenzi, kusanganisira nezvenyeredzi, yakatanga muna East, ari Arab munyika.

Star zambuko

Chakajeka nyeredzi renyeredzi Cygnus - ndiye Deneb, Alpha Cygni kana. In Arabic, zita rinoreva "muswe." The rokuti zvinoenderana waro nzvimbo. Deneb decorates renyeredzi Swan (zano kuratidzwa pazasi) ari mugove apo muswe reshiri iri. The chinhu ndohwaJehovha chena supergiant. Star impressiveness zvakanaka kuzivikanwa, kana tikaenzanisa nawo chinovheneka yedu. Saka, Deneb uremu zvinotipa makumi maviri kwezuva. Kure kubva pasi kusvikira Deneb zvakasiyana-siyana nokukosha kunobva 1,55 kusvika 2.6 zviuru. Makore Light. Muchiitiko chino, zviri pachena zvinoonekwa mudenga, sezvo yayo zvikuru rezuva luminosity pakati 270 zviuru nguva.

Sezvambotaurwa, Deneb chikamu Summer Triangle. With nyeredzi panguva vertices chokuita yakaisvonaka Chinese nengano umo Deneb anoshanda semabhiriji pakati vanoda, aimiririra kudenga Vega uye Altair. Maererano nengano, richiwanika kamwe pagore. vanoda kuti usiku kunogona kupedza pamwe chete. Zvadaro vaizofanira kuenda zvakare mumwe gore.

korona

Pakatarisana Deneb pfungwa renyeredzi riri Albireo nejichidza (Cygnus Beta). Zvinonzi korona musoro reshiri. Kuti tinzwisise zvazvinoreva sokunge renyeredzi Cygnus, uye apo riri, zvakatikwanira kuwana mbiri rakajeka pfungwa. Albireo sezvo Deneb, zvinogona kuonekwa chinoabatsira. Vaya vanosarudza kuongorora pamwe teresikopu angazarura mufananidzo kunyange kunakidza. Albireo - kwegadziriro yenyeredzi maviri. Vazhinji vavo Albireo A - Orange hofori. shamwari yake - blue nyeredzi, kureva huru kutevedzana nyeredzi Albireo V. Name muna Arabic anoshandura se "huku muromo."

Wegamma uye Delta Swan

Central renyeredzi ndeyekuti Sadr, izvo zvinoreva "zamu". Ndicho chakajeka chechipiri nyeredzi. Sadr (Cygnus wegamma) - supergiant chokuita spectral kirasi F8, pulsations vane nguva mazuva 74. By kurema, ndiyo ka12 kupfuura zuva.

Shure Sadr luminosity ndiye Delta Cygni. Zviri miviri nyeredzi gadziriro, riri chinhambwe 170 makore chiedza kubva Earth. Kusiyanisa zvakaoma zvikuru kupfuura Albireo. Delta ine nyeredzi maviri kuti vari pedyo zvakakwana, pamwe wokufambisa kwemakore 537. Chokutanga yebhuruu-chena chihombe chaiva luminosity yakakwirira zvikuru kupfuura zuva. muvakidzani wake - yero-chena nyeredzi, zvishoma chaizvo muzvinhu zvose.

mureza

Epsilon Cygni kana Jenny - inokosha kwete mepu mudenga, asi mune ezvemuchadenga Masvomhu. It riri chinhambwe 73 makore chiedza kubva Earth. Rakashandurwa Jenny, kana mapere, rinoreva "bapiro": zita rinopa tsananguro izere nenzvimbo yaro renyeredzi. Iye rinovhenekera 62 nguva chaipenya kupfuura zuva.

The rinokosha kuna Jenny zvesayenzi ndechokuti zvayo chakarondedzera ndiwo mureza kupatsanura vamwe nyeredzi. Uyezve, uku ndiko nzvimbo chinhu muna 1846, Neptune wakavhurwa.

Northern muchinjikwa

Renyeredzi Cygnus vana uye vakuru vachiziva mumwe asterism, yainzi Northern Cross. It chakaumbwa nyeredzi shanu inorondedzerwa. Nechepasi ndiye Albireo, muromo akasarudzwa Deneb, pakati asterism - Sadr, uye panhivi - Jenny uye Delta Cygni. Ndicho chakajeka zvokusvika vanoumba Swan. Renyeredzi (photos zvakanaka kuripa kunzwisisa) havagoni kuzvirumbidza inobwinya sokupenya ake nezvimwewo. Chokwadi, nyeredzi shanu haasi dzoga kufarira ndivo zvomuchadenga shiri. Zvisinei, zvinonzi North Cross anoita zvakadaro akakurumbira renyeredzi Cygnus. Sei ariwana, kazhinji regai kufunga: asterism dzinozivikanwa anenge munhu wose.

Other "uwandu hwevanhu"

Chimwe dzinonakidza chinhu ari renyeredzi 61 Cygni, munhu binary nyeredzi hurongwa. Inoitwa maviri orenji zvipfupi. Kufanana Albireo maitiro inooneka kubva Earth uye ruripo chidzidzo. kusiyana Its iri chokwadi kuti 61 Cygni ndeimwe dzepedyo nenyeredzi Sun (kure nyeredzi wedu 11.36 chiedza-makore). Uyezve, ine zvinokosha inofamba zvakanaka uye ari anazvo ne vashomanana zvakafanana zvinhu zvinoonekwa kubva Earth. 61 Cygni tinoonga yakakurumbira nezvenyeredzi zvaiitikawo pakati remakore rapfuura pfungwa pamusoro kuvapo kwayo yemapuraneti hurongwa. New Data kubvira haritsigiri pfungwa, asi nyeredzi inoramba kuva ainyanya masayendisiti akawanda.

Chimwe chinhu zvikuru - munhu mutema buri Cygnus X-1, iri pedyo 61 Cygni. Ndicho chakajeka X-ray panobva ari renyeredzi. Cygnus X-1 anozivikanwa ne zvinhu zviviri: mumwe wavo - yakajeka nyeredzi zvitema, mumwe - yake shamwari, dzisingambosvikiki kuti pakuongorora. Radiation unomuka nokuti vakawanda kutapurirana nyeredzi yebhuruu mumukaha dema. Panguva sangano zviri nenharo kuti tembiricha makuru pakukura uye chikamu rayo chaibwinya muchadenga muchimiro jets maviri tiite zvakasiyana kubva kurutivi chinhu. Status of dema mugomba Cygnus X-1 waiva 70s remakore rapfuura.

nebula

Nyeredzi havasivo chete zvinhu renyeredzi Cygnus. Driving inosanganisirawo ine nharaunda rima rainzi "Northern Coal Sack." Zviri zvikuru pedyo redu renyeredzi riri yomuchadenga gore guruva uye gasi. Kune vakawanda nebulae. The kunzwisisa nzvimbo zvinhu dzinonzi Chidzitiro kana Network (NGC 6960 uye NGC 6992), - migumisiro akatinhira makore 40.000 akapfuura, imwe supernova kuputika. On kumadokero kumucheto Chidzitiro Nebula Witch kuti Broom ndiye zvinoshamisa pamwe nokunaka mifananidzo akabatwa vachibatsirwa materesikopu.

Chakajeka nyeredzi renyeredzi Cygnus, Deneb, unozvikudza napedyo vaviri nebulae: North America (NGC 7000) uye Pelican (IC 5070). First chimiro waro zvikuru kufanana kondinendi eponymous. Pamwe chete Pelican Nebula havana kuratidza chiedza-makore anopfuura 50. Pasi vanogona kuona chinoabatsira, akapa kuti mucherechedzi chichange chiri munharaunda kure neguta kana zvimwe chakagadzirwa chiedza. Ivo somunhu duku blurry gwapa kumusoro-kumabvazuva chakajeka nyeredzi, ine nejichidza. Renyeredzi vane mufananidzo zvose nebulae achava dzinonakidza kwazvo kuonekwa zvachose zvose, zviri inozivikanwa kwete chete nokuda kwayo inopenya nyeredzi nezvimwe pedyo nzvimbo zvinhu. Saka, mufananidzo anokudzwa shiri, uye nhoroondo pakuonekwa renyeredzi kunooneka mungano dzekare.

Orpheus nembira

Swan - gamba nengano zhinji uye nyaya. Vose kwedu uye mune dzimwe tsika, shiri iyi yaiva chiratidzo runako, wakachena mweya uye nounyanzvi. Vamwe ngano kuudza sei paiva renyeredzi Cygnus denga. Legend, nokuti asi vana kutungamirira kupinda munhoroondo mabhuku chesekondari chiri chokuita rekare rechiGiriki muimbi Orpheus. Maererano naye, vachienda kudzoka kubva kuvakafa mudikamwa Eurydice iye, ave chibharo kurambidza vakatendeuka panzira shure uye vakarasikirwa nokusingaperi mukana kuti kubatanidzwa ake anodiwa. Ndakakotama, akapedza makore akawanda achidzungaira nyika, apo kuramba akatendeka kuna Eurydice uye tisingabvumiri pachangu vamwe vasikana, nokuti chii aizivikanwa somunhu misogynist. Kamwe kurwizi Emblem akasangana neboka Bacchantes, admirers pamusoro Dionysus. Pauchadzidza Orpheus, vakatsamwa kwazvo uye akaibvarura, achikanda nembira muimbi uye ake musoro mumvura. Vamwari Olympus havana hanya gamba, ndinoyemura navo tarenda ravo. Maererano neimwe shanduro ngano, mweya Orpheus vake mbira ndokusimudza kudenga. Saka pane renyeredzi Lear uye Swan, riri pedyo nepedyo.

phaeton

Pane ngano akawanda kuti nei tichigona zvino funga renyeredzi pamusoro Cygnus. Ngano anotaura mwanakomana Helios, mwari zuva, Phaeton. Rufu, aida kuratidza mavambo dzavo uye akakumbira baba vake kuti iye kutyaira ngoro kwezuva mhiri denga. Helios akabvuma. Proud Phaethon akanga asingakwanisi kukunda inopisa mabhiza nengoro vakawira murwizi. Pasi, ichingori refu kutsvaka Cycnus, shamwari vakazvipira. Vamwari, achiona sezvaakanga neshungu, akatendeuka ndokuita nejichidza. In achinyepera ichi aakararama pedyo nemvura. Achida kuti kuchengeta ushamwari kusafarira, Zeusi akaisa denga renyeredzi pamusoro Cygnus. Ngano, muzinda riri hunhu anonzi Cycnus, anowanikwa mamwe zvakasiyana. zita rake muchiGiriki zvinoreva 'nejichidza. "

Variants chakangomuka uye rufu Cycnus

Hero, gare gare akava anokudzwa shiri, nengano siyana waiva mwanakomana wamwari. Akaberekwa Apollo, Cycnus akanga vakanyura mudziva, iyo akashevedza Kikneyskim. Sezvo mwanakomana Poseidon uye Kalika akawana mumapeji ngano pamusoro Trojan War. Maererano nengano akaurayiwa achilles, uye baba vake vakatsausa Cycnus rive nejichidza. Chechitatu shanduro nyaya kuti vabereki vake vakanga Ares, mwari hondo, uye Pelops. The ngano anotaura chakanakisisa kukwanisa kudzora Cycnus ngoro. Akafarira achishevedza makwikwi vakakokwa zvose vachishanyira imba. The kukunda akaramba kuramba Cycnus semazuva nemuvengi wake haana Hercules. Iye akapfuura mwanakomana Ares uye vakuvadzwa mwari hondo. Zvinhu aifanira kupindira, Zeus. Somugumisiro, Cycnus akanga ikava nejichidza.

pamuchinjikwa

Papera epochs akazadza zvarinoreva renyeredzi pamusoro Cygnus. Driving naro pamepu iri XVII remakore uye gare gare kazhinji yatsiviwa mufananidzo pamuchinjikwa Kristu. Not mudukusa basa kuzivikanwa ichi akaita pamwe zvakanaka segwapa Northern Cross asterism Earth. Correlating nazvo kurovererwa kwakaitika magwaro ambotaurwa. Panguva yekutanga St. Gregory Tours, yomusi 592 pagore, ndiyo rondedzero Grand kuMuchinjikwa chiratidzo mafungiro ake akananga renyeredzi pakati Cygnus. Maererano musande, yakanga iri pakati netsamba Arifa naOmega, "akanyora" nyeredzi Delphine uye Lyra azvaitwa. zviratidzo izvi zvichienderana ne mazwi akatorwa Mubhuku raZvakazarurwa, umo wakamutswa Kristu anozviti Arifa naOmega, kutanga nokuguma.

Sezvineiwo, mufananidzo pamuchinjikwa zvakare inoreva Orpheus. Maererano nedzimwe nyanzvi, Romans muKristu pakutanga kutenda idzva akakwereta chiratidzo varoverwa Mwari kuvahedheni, saka kuratidza Orpheus. kubvuma Izvi zvakare imwe shinda rinobatanidza renyeredzi Cygnus, ngano pamusoro muimbi uye Biblical nengano.

Azere nzvimbo Zvinoshamisa pakunaka kwawo uye nguva dzose kukwezva kwete chete maonero asi pfungwa vanhu vekare kumanikidzwa kuchenjera kutsvaka tsananguro vose kunoshamisira ichi. Renyeredzi Cygnus - muenzaniso sei kudiwa kunzwisisa dzisingambosvikiki nzvimbo uchishandisa unyanzvi nzira dzokunyora nhetembo uye ngano yakajeka. Ingasava maonero yakataurwa mungano dzekare uye ngano, isu hatingavatengeri kuziva nezvazvo, uye hafu chii anozivikanwa nhasi.

vanhu Modern havasi kunyimwa chido kunzwisisa zviri shure zvivara denga usiku zhinji. For kuzviomesera Masvomhu kwesayenzi kunogona kuonekwa hope kunzwisisa chakavanzika pezvakasikwa, kudzidza mitemo yayo uye kunzwisisa nzwisisa kuti nekusagona zvinoitwawo yevanhu pfungwa yawo yose neohvatnost. Pictures Hubble vake "nevamwe" vanoratidza sei pedyo chokwadi vaiva vanyanduri yekare yokureva runako, rakatatamurwa pamusoro pemisoro yedu. Uchifunga mapikicha, zviri nyore kudavira kuti pakati pamabwe Runako nyeredzi uye nebulae angadai disdained kurarama chero vanamwari.