Proxemics - nayo ... proxemics uye spatial ezvinhu yokukurukurirana

Murume - evanhu ari. Izvi zvinozivikanwa kubva pamazuva muGirisi yekare, apo wakakura zvikuru chirango chakanga nokudzingwa munharaunda. Man haagoni kurarama kunze zvakatipoteredza. Saka, magariro kutaurirana mukati kambani chinhu chinokosha mashandiro kuburikidza iyo vanhu anosangana mumwe. Dzidziso iyi yakanga Arayirwa echiGiriki uye vamiririri Roman uye vazivi. Zvisinei, masayendisiti vanhu iyoyo havana kunzwisisa sei kurondedzera voga vane paruzhinji. Pashure pezvose, ukama hwevanhu dzakavakirwa kwete chete pane ruzhinji muukama. Uyo anonzwisisa ukama pachake uye voruzhinji mativi vachakwanisa kunzwisisa chakavanzika zvokugoverana izvo dzakazonaka zhinji kuita. Unyanzvi pakukurukurirana - ndicho chinangwa mumagariro wepfungwa kwechokwadi. Mukuita kwokudzidza nyaya iyi akazviratidza mapatani, mifananidzo, zvimiro, nzira yokudzidza, etc. Naizvozvo, zvinhu izvi zvose chamuita kuti rinokosha bazi mumagariro zvepfungwa - .. Proxemics.

Proxemics. General zvechadenga zvekutepfenyura

Munguva 50s iye ararama yakakurumbira ANODZIDZA anonzi Edward Hall. Akadzidza kudyidzana kwevanhu pachavo nzvimbo pamwe yakapoteredza evanhu kwezvakatipoteredza. Nyanzvi mberi pfungwa yokuti mumwe munhu anoronga ake pachake nzvimbo uyewo izvozvo anoronga mikrosubektnoe nzvimbo, nemamiriro yokugara, mumaguta zvakatipoteredza. Nemamwe mashoko, edu zvakananga pachedu kukanganisa voruzhinji. Kudzidza nyaya iyi kwakaita kuti asvike kuvandudza kunzwisisa ukama pakati vanhu. Saka, proxemics - bazi evanhu zvepfungwa, izvo inodzidza zvenyama kwokufananidzira gadziriro kutaurirana pakati vanhu. Sayenzi anotora misimboti uye mitemo kure dzisiri kutaura nokukurukurirana.

Proxemics uye tsika yokukurukurirana

Chokwadi, chokuita chinoumba hwevanhu kwakabatana zvakananga zvepfungwa. Zvisinei, mamwe masayendisiti vanozivikanwa zvakananga proxemics uye kukurukura nezvetsika, izvo chero zvazvingava hazvina kukodzera kuita. sayenzi mbiri idzi vane zvimwe, asi vakawanda vari vangasimudzira zvakasiyana. tsika kukurukura kunoita kuti tinzwisise nemagariro divi kukurukurirana, chinopa rakadzika kunzwisisa pakati interlocutors. dambudziko proxemics siyanei. Zvinonzi avimbiswa zvakadzama kudzidza kwauchaita vasiri kutaura nokukurukurirana, achitora sezvikonzero ari remoteness pakati interlocutors nepedyo. With ruzivo urwu kukura yetsika uye proksemicheskih pfungwa, vanhu kuumba unyanzvi hwokukurukurirana.

Basa pachake uye intersubjective nzvimbo yokukurukurirana

Hwaro zvose evanhu zvepfungwa ndiko kure pakati vanotongwa yokukurukurirana. Kupiwa chokuita rutivi, yakanga ichikurukurwa pamusoro, vanhu vose vari pasi chete hurongwa interpersonal noruzhinji. Ichi chinokosha dzidziso rainge Arayirwa Edward Hall. A musayendisiti akaita pfungwa kuti, pasinei nemagariro zviri munhu rudzi, vose ane nharaunda yavo pachavo, iyo iye rinotsanangura pachake. Zvinoreva kuti kure pakati interlocutors - chinonyanya kukosha chokufunga nekufemera muitiro yokukurukurirana. In mafungiro musayendisiti, chinonyanya kukosha vanotongwa kure munguva perceptual danho, kana mativi vachangotanga vakonana. Sezvatinogona kuona, proxemics kure mune nedanho interpersonal yokukurukurirana.

Basic intersubjective mapazi

Kusvika panguva pachake mapazi, kuti proxemics zvidzidzo aunonyanya mumagariro zvepfungwa. Ichi mazita madaro, maererano iyo vanhu vari kutanga interpersonal kuonana:

1) Intimate - maitire chete hama kana pedyo chaizvo kuvanhu havadi kutanga vamwe kukurukura kwako (0 - 0.5 m).

2) Unhu - mufambo ichi chinotsigirwa vose vari muupenyu (0.5 - 1.2m).

3) Social - Kukurukura nzvimbo yakarongwa uye enyika misangano (1-2 - 3,66m).

4) munzanga - mufambo ichi anosarudzwa panguva paruzhinji zviitiko.

dyidzana daro

Distance pakati vanhu maonero revanoshamwaridzana daro haasi kupfuura 45 masendimita. Kunoitawo kuti kugoverana pfungwa uye maonero pasina kutya atinzwe nevamwe vanhu. Kana vanhu akakurukura revanoshamwaridzana vematunhu, mashoko regai kunyanya basa. Basa rinokosha otorazve nezvaunomuitira zvinhu: kuona, kufamba, murove.

Hapana ndiro yepedyo nzvimbo chiito zvinogona kuonekwa pakati vawanani.

Vanhu vaisagutsikana muchato wavo, ichagara chinhambwe kuti substantially kupfuura 0.5 metres. Chose mufananidzo akasiyana kunogona kuonekwa pakati vanofara vaviri.

Zvinofanira kucherechedzwa kuti mwero yepedyo mapazi zvingasiyana nechimwe munhu. Somuenzaniso, vanhu vari kurerekera pakushandisa ndakafanana simba, asike vega rakapfava mapazi kurei nharaunda kupfuura vamwe vanhu. Izvi kunoitika nokuda kuramba Kuwanikwa ine uye utsinye vanhu chimiro ngozi.

pachako mapazi

Panguva kure ichi, zvinoita chaizvo pakukurukurirana muupenyu hwezuva nezuva. Zviri mapazi ose kwomuzvarirwo ukama pakati vanhu. mukadzi Close Somuenzaniso, mumwe mukadzi anogona kuputsa miganhu yacho. Chete zviito pamusoro chikamu mweni vachatarira vakariisa zvinyoronyoro, kujairika. Zvaidiwa pachavo miganhu kutaurirana kunoratidza kuvapo sitiroko muvanhu. The yakareba mativi vari munhu nharaunda, kwakasimba vanova dzakabatana mumwe.

mufambo kwakadaro chinokosha danho kurutivi kubudirira zvakanakisisa yepedyo kuonana. Clear uye kufunga mabasa ari oga munharaunda zvinopa refu uye mose pamwe pakati mapato kukurukurirana.

Social uye voruzhinji daro

Pasinei kukosha uye dzapedyo nzvimbo dzavo kudzidza hakusi hwaro kuti inodzidza proxemics. Izvi imhaka kune hama kure kumusoro chete-sidedness. Ndivo nyore kunzwisisa uye kunyange nyore kuziva mapatani. Kunakidza ndivo magariro uye nzvimbo dzevoruzhinji. Ivo zvinoshandiswa mukufamba dzebhizimisi uye voruzhinji kutaurirana. Kwemakore akawanda vanhu vave vakadzidza madaro izvi zviviri kuwana zvinobudirira nzira kudzora vakawanda. Vanhu tinazvo kuzvidzora zvikuru paruzhinji uye munzanga daro nguva vakurukuri vakanaka.

proxemics ano

To musi, proxemics - iyi ndiyo imwe yenzvimbo dzine mukurumbira pamatavi mumagariro zvepfungwa. Masayendisiti kwose akaita kudzidzwa uye kukura itsva dzidziso mumunda ichi zivo. Proxemics pakukurukurirana chinhu chose chitsva pamwero mubishi kwokudzidza interpersonal ukama. Kugona kushandisa ruzivo urwu davi wepfungwa kuchaita kubvumira nani uye dzichimhanya kumisa nevanhu. ruzivo vanhu zvakawanda mune proxemics, asi nokukurumidza anodzidza unyanzvi hwokukurukurirana.