Marefu ari muchadenga. Astronomical Unit, chiedza gore uye parsec

Nokuti Masvomhu ake, nyanzvi kushandisa zviyero dzisiri pachena kuti vanhuwo zvavo nguva dzose. Zvinonzwisisika, nokuti kana yepasi pose marefu vari akayera mu makiromita, ipapo nhamba zeros mumaziso chaizozadziswa anopenyerwa. Naizvozvo, kuti ayere yepasi pose kure zvakakurumbira kushandisa yakakura kwazvo: yokuongorora zvomuchadenga Unit, chiedza gore uye parsec.

The muchadenga chikwata inowanzoshandiswa kuratidza madaro mukati kwedu renzou. Kana daro kumwedzi vanongogona kuratidzwa makiromita (384,000 km), kuti pedyo Pluto kuti nzira iri vanenge mamiriyoni 4250? Km uye kuti kunzwisisa achava zvakaoma. Nokuti madaro izvi ndiyo nguva kushandisa muchadenga unit (AU) izvo akaenzana avhareji chinhambwe kubva pasi kusvikira zuva. Nemamwe mashoko, AU 1 It unoenderana urefu semimajor akabatana yedu Earth muchadenga (mamiriyoni 150.? Km.). Zvino, kana imi kunyora kuti pfupi daro Pluto ndiye 28 AU, uye wakarebesa nzira kungava 50 AU, zviri nyore kufungidzira.

Rinotevera pakukura - chiedza-gore. Kunyange zviripo shoko "gore", hazvina zvakafanira kufunga kuti zviri pamusoro nguva. Rimwe gore chiedza 63.240 AU Iyi ndiyo nzira, iyo anoita kachiedza chiedza 1 year. Vanodzidza nezvenyeredzi dzaona kuti kubva kure chaizvo makona zvakasikwa ukurire chiedza kupfuura mabhiriyoni 10. Years rinoitwa kwatiri. Kuti fungidzira izvi chinhambwe yakakura, isu uzvinyore makiromita: 95000000000000000000000. mapfumbamwe namashanu mabhiriyoni tiririyoni makiromita dzose.

Chokwadi kuti chiedza anofamba haisi nguva imwe, asi imwe akurumidze, vaongorori vakatanga kufungidzira kubvira 1676. Panguva iyi Danish zvomuchadenga Ole Roemer ainzi akaona kuti kuora kwemwedzi waZeusi aiva satellites dzinotanga kuwira shure, uye kwakaitika panguva apo nyika vakananga kwayo muchadenga kusvikira pakatarisana mhiri Sun, zvinopesana neizvi kuti waiva Jupiter. Zvakatitorera nguva, Panyika akatanga kudzoka, uye kuora akatanga zvakare kutaura nazvino kwakarongwa.

Saka, pane akacherechedza anenge 17 maminitsi nguva musiyano. Kubva pakuongorora ichi, zvakanzi vakagumisa: chiedza pamusoro kwemutemo daro refu akatora maminitsi 17 ari dhayamita zviri muchadenga paNyika. Sezvo zvave vakaratidza kuti dhayamita ari muchadenga anenge mamiriyoni 186 (makiromita zvino chenguva ino 939 120 000 km), zvinoitika kuti chiedza danda inofamba ari kumhanya anenge 186,000 makiromita 1 wechipiri.

Munguva yedu, akavonga Professor Albertu Maykelsonu, uyo akanga akatsunga zvikuru zvakarurama kusarudza chii chiri chiedza gore, pamwe yokupedzisira mugumisiro rwaiwanikwa kushandisa nzira dzakasiyana: 186.284 makiromita 1 wechipiri (vanenge 300 km / s). Zvino, kana imi nhamba mumasekonzi pagore uye muwande parutivi nhamba iyi, tinoona kuti chiedza gore kureba 5 880 000 000 000 anenge, izvo unoenderana 9.460.730.472 580,8? Km.

For zvinangwa dzinoshanda nyanzvi aiwanzoshandisa akadai yemasoja kure parsecs. Zviri akaenzana misha kwenyeredzi dziri pakanyorwa dzimwe yokudenga miviri 1 '' pane misha Muoni pana 1 nharaunda kuti muchadenga Wepasi. Kubva Sun kusvika pedyo nyeredzi (ndiro Proxima Centauri Hurongwa Alpha Centauri) 1,3 parsecs. Mumwe parsec vakaenzana 3,2612 kutaurirana. makore kana 3.08567758 × 1013? km. Saka, chiedza-gore zvishoma pane chetatu parsec.