Zhan Batist Lamark: pfupi Biography. Shanduka Dzidziso Zhana Batista Lamarck uye mupiro wake kukura zvipenyu

Zhan Batist Lamark, mumwe Biography pfupi iyo ichakurukurwa nesu - musayendisiti wokutanga uyo akasika munhu wakakwana dzidziso yacho Kushanduka zvipenyu. Zvisinei, iye ane zvimwe Zvakawanikwa zvishoma kuvazivisa. Unoziva chii chinokosha pfungwa yakanga chakaunzwa sayenzi Zhan Batist Lamark? Biology - izwi iro muna 1802 kwakaratidza kuti aiva musayendisiti ichi. Uyezve, akanga ari wokutanga kugovera mhuka umambo invertebrates uye vertebrates. Tinopa tinzwisise upenyu nebudiriro yakakurumbira musayendisiti, Jean-Baptiste Lamarck. Brief Biography kwaari achakupai pfungwa mukuru mushandi ichi nesayenzi.

Origin, pauduku

Zh B. Lamark (Makore oupenyu - 1744-1829). Akaberekwa ari mhuri yemauto riri yokuPicardy (France). Vabereki vake vakanga pakati-kirasi kwamachinda. Vaida kuona mwanakomana womupristi, saka akasarudza Lamarck muna wechechi yeRoma chikoro. Magumo ake pashure pokufa kwababa vake achinja. Pazera 16, akabva chikoro uye wechi nehondo Zhan Batist Lamark. Brief Biography anoverengeka makore ake Zvakazoitwa upenyu chokuita rechiuto basa.

Muchiuto uye kuita mushonga

Panguva War Years Seven ', akaratidza ushingi zvikuru muhondo chete Prussians. Marshal pachake akaita vaimbova mboni of wechechi yeRoma College iri mapurisa. Zvisinei, basa rake rehondo, sowakajeka atanga, uyewo pakunamata, Lamarck haana kukumbira. musayendisiti Future asarudza mudyandigere. Kwapera nguva, ndakatanga kudzidza mushonga mu guru France Zhan Batist Lamark. Brief Biography yake mberi Paris, apo Lamarck kunyanya akakwezva sayenzi zvepanyama, kunyanya bhotani.

"Flora French"

Unyanzvi uye vanobishaira nyanzvi muduku makore mashoma kudzidzira wakasika akawanda basa 3 Mavhoriyamu. Rondedzero inonzi "French Flora". In bepa iri rinorondedzera dzinoverengeka zvinomera, uye pane mazano sei kuzviziva. basa iri vakauya mukurumbira ruzivo musayendisiti aiva panguva Zhan Batist Lamark. Biography Zhana Batista paakavapa Nhengo Paris Academy of Sciences. Wakapiwa kwaari nokuda kuita ake. The Academy akaramba kubudirira kukurira bhotani Zhan Batist Lamark. Biography yake, zvisinei, hazvina kungogumira kudzidza.

Zhan Batist akava wemhuka

Apo Jean Baptiste akanga 50 nemakore, muna 1793, zvikuru akachinja basa rake zvesayenzi. Lamarck aishanda Royal Botanic Gardens, rakanga kuva nenguva ino Museum of Natural History. The miziyamu akanga azere bhotani madhipatimendi, saka masayendisiti aronga kuita zvidzidzo zvemhuka. Makore 10 gare gare, Lamarck ikaita nyanzvi iyi, sezvo akanga ari kudzidza nemiti.

New anoshanda Baptiste

Mukupera remakore rechi18, kukura sayenzi chasvika mudariro apo kukura kukuru yakawana bhotani, physiology uye kemisitiri. In yavo yose, anoranga aya vava kuwanika chete unyanzvi. Lamarck, kuedza kudzivirira raiva nechokuita disintegration sayenzi kupinda yoga matavi uye kuchengeta kubatana kuripo pakati pavo, akasika wandei mabasa. Mavari, akapa generalized maonero pamusoro zvemaumbirwo, zvipenyu, kemisitiri, wefizikisi, uye zvichingodaro. D.

The rokutanga basa akazviratidza muna 1794. It rakazvipira kupopotedzana nezvokuva simba uye nyaya. basa iri rinonzi "Investigation zvezvinokonzera chikuru zvinooneka mananara, kunyanya avo maringe unopfuta." Izvi zvakateverwa basa muna 1796 "zvinonzwisisika achinyatsoramba ari pneumatic pfungwa ...". Mumabasa aya, kwakavakirwa zvikuru nokufunga kwouzivi pane empirical data, Zhan Batist haana kuisa mberi pfungwa itsva, asi misjudgments shoma.

Muna 1802 paiva neimwe rondedzero, "Hydrogeology". Lamarck mubasa iri nhoroondo yedu sezvo dzinotevedzana penyanza ichizadza nyika uye zvakare ayo dzakachengeteka. Kukura makondinendi uye deposition pakati biogenic kwemvura kunoitika, anotenda, panguva mafashamo. Lamarck mubhuku rino akatangira nzira rune pachisara kushandiswa nenyanzvi ano. Uyezve, iye akawedzera nguva puranga nhoroondo yenyika, iyo vaionekwa muzana remakore rechi18 zvikuru yakamanikana uye shoma kune zviuru zvishomanana makore. Zvisinei, basa Zhana Batista, uyewo rapfuura maviri, havana kuwana mbirikira zvikuru.

"Enderana zvipenyu zviri invertebrates"

Lamarck akabudisa bhuku idzva muna 1800. Rainzi "enderana zvipenyu zviri invertebrates." Musayendisiti mairi akatsoropodza yaida Linnaean kupatsanura nyika invertebrates. Akasika zvake. Lamarck hwokunyora basa iri vaiva vapfumi muunganidzwa, raakanga akaunganidza mumakore 30 hwake. In basa iri haana kuvimba nharo mumwe chete, senguva dzose, asiwo yokutsvakurudza uye pfuma yechokwadi zvinhu. Lamarck akaita huru yokuona nayo classifying homology kuti nhengo dzomukati. Izvi akabvumira masayendisiti kudzivisa yakawanda zvikanganiso zvakaitwa Linnaeus, raiva imwe boka zvimwe zvinenge chete pamusoro maererano nechitarisiko akafanana, saka kuti musayendisiti zvarwo enderana chikamu vakasimuka nehonye, molluscs uye nezvimwewo.

"Uzivi pamusoro Zoologie"

Pakazosvika nguva Lamarck vakapfuura makore 60, aiziva zvose chakazivikanwa pamberi pake pasango mhuka nemiti nemhaka yokukara. Zvino musayendisiti wakakugadzirirai chinangwa chitsva - kunyora bhuku, vasingadi chete kunge chinorondedzerwa Utachiona, sematsananguriro mitemo yezvinhu zvakasikwa. Zhan Batist murondedzero yake itsva mimba kuratidza sei chero zvinomera nemhuka, sei kumhuka uye vakachinja uye sei kusvika ayo mamiriro. The musayendisiti vakaedza kuratidza kuti havana kusikwa yavo ezvinhu aripo, uye vakava pasi pokudzora zvakasikwa mitemo yezvinhu zvakasikwa. Nemamwe mashoko, Lamarck musiki rokutanga dzidziso yokushanduka-shanduka. Panyaya iyi, kwaiva aizotangira kuna Darwin (aimiririra pazasi). Muna 1809 musayendisiti rakabudiswa basa rake. The Kuzarurwa Zhana Batista Lamarck mubhuku "Uzivi pamusoro Zoologie". Pasinei zita, izvozvo anotaura kwete chete pamusoro pemhuka asiwo pamusoro mhuka zvavo. In basa iri, saka, vakasimuka dzidziso yokushanduka-shanduka Zhana Batista Lamarck, naro anozivikanwa munyika yose nhasi.

The njodzi Lamarck pfungwa rufu Zhana Batista

Kazhinji munhoroondo nesayenzi, zvakaitika kuti vanhu vakararama panguva yake havana kuziva huru, uye dzidziso dzavo. Makore akawanda gare gare chete vakagamuchira kuzivikanwa sezvarinokodzera. Handina kupfuura mugumo ichi, uye Zhana Batista. Shanduka Dzidziso Zhana Batista Lamarck haana zvinonzwisiswa venguva yake. Mamwe masayendisiti havambokwanisi kubhadhara chero kuteerera basa rake, apo vamwe uye anoita dzakamuseka. Lamarck, kuvimba nokutsigira, akasarudza kuratidza basa iri kuna Napoleon. Zvisinei, mambo, akanga vaiona vaichengetedza sayenzi, kusekwa Zhana Batista pachena. Lamarck pakupera upenyu bofu. Pazera makore 85, kukanganwa zvose, akafa Zhan Batist Lamark. Dzidziso yokushanduka-shanduka, akasiya navo nhaka, akaita zita rake usingafi.

Musimboti dzidziso Lamarck

Chii ndiwo Lamarck pfungwa? The musayendisiti aiti upenyu pasi redu dzakatangira takasununguka. First paiva nyore zvinenge. Zvishoma nezvishoma, pamusoro zvemakore, vakanga nani, achinja refu kusvikira vasvika ano chinzvimbo. Zhan Batist akapikisa kuti madzibaba edu, kusiyana navo, uye akaronga zvakawanda chinyakare kwakabva zvose zvipenyu. Izvi, Chokwadi, zvakanaka Zhan Batist Lamark. Dzidziso yokushanduka-shanduka, iye zvinganaka, kunyange mune zvimwewo, asinganyimi mvura.

Two zvikonzero kukura makemikari nyika

Nei miti nemhuka zvachinja, vakashanduka mberi uye anoramba kuvandudza uye ikozvino? The musayendisiti akaedza kupindura mubvunzo uyu. Zvisinei, pasinei nokuti pachena shasha pamusoro Lamarck vaisagona zvakanaka kutsanangura chiitiko ichi materialistically. Masayendisiti vanoti kuti kukura makemikari nyika zvinoenderana Pane zvinhu zviviri. Chokutanga ndechokuti mhuka uye zvirimwa pachavo vanoda kuvandudza uye kuchinja. Saka, kuda mberi chinhu tinoberekwa mukati pfuma. Chikonzero chechipiri - matambudziko pamusoro pavo ezvinhu umo zvinenge kurarama. Izvi ndizvo, zvimwe anonzi mupenyu ezvinhu ari yakawanikwa kubva matambudziko mhepo iri nemhuka, ivhu, mwando, kupisa, chiedza, zvokudya, uye zvichingodaro. D.

Kuvhiringidzwa kurarama zvakatipoteredza

Masayendisiti anodavira kuti miti nemhuka ezasi zvakananga uye kuchinja pasi pokudzora kwezvakatipoteredza. Vanowana zvimwe zvivako uye chimiro. Somuenzaniso, akura zvakanaka ivhu chirimwa anowana yakasiyana zvachose nechitarisiko pane imwe mhando chirimwa akaenda nyika yakaipa. A akura mumumvuri hazvirevi sokuti akura muchiedza. Uyewo, mhuka dzakasiyana, asi ichi ndicho zvishoma zvakasiyana. Vari akaumba pasi pokudzora kuchinja kwezvakatipoteredza miitiro itsva. Kuramba kudzokorora, vanokurukura miviri siyana kushandisa navo. Somuenzaniso, nguva dzose aigara musango mhuka, iyo anomanikidzwa kukwira miti, kuzviratidza prehensile maoko nemakumbo. A mumiririri fauna of, kumanikidzwa dzose nguva kufamba pamusoro madaro marefu, pane simba makumbo, mahwanda uye kukura. In iyi hatisi kubata zvakananga uye zvisina kunanga simba kwezvakatipoteredza, kunouya kuburikidza tsika. Zhan Batist vaidavirawo kuti zvimwe zviratidzo kuti zvinenge kuwana pasi pokudzora kwezvakatipoteredza, inogona nhaka.

Kuzivikanwa uye harimboonekwi pfungwa Lamarck

kubudirira kwesayenzi anhasi anoratidza kuti havasi vose ichokwadi dzidziso Zhana Batista Lamarck. Masayendisiti havazivi chokwadi kuti makemikari nyika pane asingatsananguriki uye asinganzwisisiki chido kuvandudza. Papera hafu yezana remakore, Darwin akatsanangura rakakodzera maumbirwo nemhuka, uyewo nzira yavanofanira ajairane zvakavapoteredza, zvishoma zvakasiyana. Aiona chikuru mhaka shanduka rwokuzvarwa vakasarudzwa. Zvisinei, bhayoroji ano anoziva kubatsira zvinenge kwezvakatipoteredza ezvinhu, anopindura nzvimbo chinokosha dzidziso Lamarck. Kunyange zvakadaro, nhaka unhu vawana panguva muviri wacho upenyu akarambazve. Sayenzi anotenda kuti zviratidzo itsva kuoneka pasi pokudzora kunotouraya - kuchinja kuitika utachiona masero zvipenyu.

Pasinei neizvi, mupiro Zhana Batista Lamarck huru. Ndiye wokutanga akasika dzidziso yepanyama kukura makemikari nyika yose. Zhan Batist Lamark, mupiro kuti kukura zvipenyu, riri chaizvo chaizvo, nhasi anoitiswa zvakakodzera kuziva kuvazukuru.