Pituitary: hormone ushande. The pituitary shwanu wayo basa mumuviri

Pituitary (pituitary shwanu kana nechepazasi nemanda uropi) - iri kwemakemikari anobudiswa nhengo, riri mujinga uropi. More zvakananga, pasi penyika kwayo, muhomwe iri pfupa, rinonzi riri Turkish Chigaro. Izvi simbi munhu chidukuduku kukura pamusoro pizi chinhu raundi inotungamirwa yairema munenge 0.5 chete. Asi pasinei yakadaro diki saizi, basa mahormone zvinoberekwa pituitary shwanu, hwakakura kwazvo.

The pituitary shwanu. Makemikari uye basa

Ichi shwanu duku ndiyo nhengo chikuru dzedu yose kwemakemikari anobudiswa hurongwa. The mahormone kuti pave, zvazvinoita zvinotevera muviri mabasa:

• kubereka;
• muviri;
• kukura.

Nerevane pituitary mahormone kuti pave, zviri pedyo nepedyo. Kuti uwane kunyatsoongorora nyaya iyi, funga kutanga kuvaka ichi kwemakemikari anobudiswa shwanu.

The pituitary shwanu. Marongerwo uye kushanda pituitary

Inoitwa chikuru zvikamu zvitatu: mberi undovakira uye zvenguva, izvo zvisingapindirani dzakavapo nechivako. The pituitary shwanu anotanga kuumbika ari mudumbu pa vhiki 4-5 fetus kukura. Anterior akafukidza ayo epithelial pamusoro aumba kubva rwemberi rusvingo nomumukanwa mhango, anonzi Rathke kuti homwe, sezvo vashoma elongated outgrowth. Panguva embryo kukura, inokura nenzira yacho diencephalon.

Posterior akafukidza akaumba zvishoma paya pane pamberi diencephalon huta zvinyama, apo zvikamu izvi uye vakabatana. Kunyange papera akaumba uye zvenguva akafukidza pituitary. Inoitwa nhete rukoko nemasero. All zvitatu pituitary vanotova zvakaparadzana secretory omumuviri, uye mumwe nomumwe wavo pave pachake mahormone ayo. The pituitary shwanu (hormone mashandiro) Zvinotora guru iri yose kwemakemikari anobudiswa hurongwa murume.

Prehypophysis

chikamu chiduku ichi inonzi adenohypophysis uye unorema kweprostate (70%). Inoitwa dzakasiyana siyana shwanu masero kwemakemikari anobudiswa. Sero rimwe nerimwe rinobereka vayowo kemikari. Izvi kwemakemikari anobudiswa masero anonzi adenocytes. Kune mhando mbiri adenocytes: chromophilic uye chromophobe, avo uye vamwe mahormone vari synthesized:

• Thyroid anotokonya kemikari (TSH) - anokonzera secretory basa thyroid shwanu.
• Adrenocorticotropic (ACTH) - zvinoita adrenal cortex.
• Gonadotropic mahormone, izvo zvinosanganisira follicle nekurukurirano uye luteinizing mahormone (FSH, LH), basa dzokubereka basa.
• Kukura kemikari (GH) - anokonzera kukura, kunomutsa manyowa mafuta, mapuroteni usage ari mumasero uye paumbwe shuga.
• Luteotrophic kemikari kana prolactin, iyo anoita nezveuchenjeri kutarisira mwana, lactation, muviri uye kukura kwendangariro.

Pituitary mahormone - avo vasiri muchinangwa Muviri womunhu zvikuru.

somatotropin

Kukura kemikari (kana HGH) anogadzirwa hazvirevi kukanda zvachose zvinoitika chete 3-4 kanomwe pazuva. Its secretion inowedzera chaizvo panguva hope, pamwe rinorema mumuviri nesimba uye panguva kutsanya. Kugadzirwa kemikari iri ainawo upenyu hwomunhu, asi ipfupi kwazvo zera. Achifuridzirwa kukura kemikari ari mumasero unodokwairira kwemafuta uye makabhohaidhiretsi. Somugumisiro, achifuridzirwa somatomedins anogadzirwa chiropa, wakawedzera sero nokupesana uye mapuroteni usage, saka mapfupa kukura kunoitika.

Kana kwetunhu kukura kemikari, nokuti chero zvikonzero, haina kukwana, zvinoita dwarfism. Pakazoti zvose kukura zvinochengeterwa muviri, muviri, kazhinji zvakajairika. Saka, kukundikana pituitary shwanu zvakananga zvarinoita kukwirira wacho.

Kunwisa secretion kuwedzera kemikari kunokonzera gigantism. Kana hypersecretion kunoitika pauduku, zvikuru zvose muviri akachengetwa, uye vakura kunowedzera kugadzirwa kwahunokonzera acromegaly. Rinooneka disproportionate dzikawedzerwa maoko nemakumbo, kuwedzera mhuno uye chirebvu, uyewo mutauro uye zvose zvomudumbu zvomukati.

Thyroid nekurukurirano kemikari (TSH)

kemikari ichi anoita basa thyroid shwanu. Under nawo pane secretion kuti triiodothyronine uye thyroxine. Zvaanopa simba ari enzayemu adenylate cyclase, izvo kunokanganisa uptake kuti ayodhini ari thyroid masero. Uyezve, pasi zvinoitwa TSH rinoitwa mapuroteni muviri: zvakawedzera kugadzirwa nucleic asidhi uye mapuroteni usage, kunowedzerwa kukura uye vakawedzera kukura thyroid masero.

Reongororo TTG akakwanisa kukura pasi pokudzora chando. The chando maitiro zvinowedzera kugadzirwa thyroid mahormone, izvozvo hunotungamira paumbwe kupisa muviri. Glucocorticoids anogona tunodzivisa kugadzirwa TSH, zvimwechete zvinoitika pasi pokudzora yokutindivadza, kurwadziwa zvakaitwa kana kukuvara.

Kunwisa secretion pamusoro TSH kunoratidzwa zvekuchipatara zviratidzo hyperthyroidism (hyperthyroidism).

Adenokortikotropny kemikari

ACTH iri synthesized zvakaenzana rose zuva. The soro wevasungwa ari mangwanani kubva maawa 6,00 kusvika 8,00, shoma - manheru kubva 18,00 kusvika 23,00. ACTH anoita kwetunhu corticosteroids, izvo aburitswa masero adrenal cortex. The secretion pamusoro corticosteroids kunowedzera mune simba mupfungwa inoti akadai kutya, hasha, kushushikana mupfungwa kusingaperi. Saka, ACTH zvakananga kunokanganisa nomupfungwa munhu. Saizvozvowo ACTH usage dzinowedzerwa simba zvinoitwa chando uye marwadzo, zvikuru mumuviri mupfungwa. Yomuropa uyewo zvinosimudzira ACTH kugadzirwa.

Kunwisa secretion kuti kemikari ichi chive pituitary adenoma, hosha inonzi pituitary Cushing kuti. Kuratidza aro vari: BP, kufutisa, uye mafuta muviri rinoungana muviri uye chiso, uye maoko nemakumbo vari kuipa, kuwedzera wevasungwa kweshuga muropa, ndokuramba masoja kudzivirira.

Kushomeka kugadzirwa ACTH kunotungamirira kuti vasanyanye kwetunhu glucocorticoids uye ichi, akavapindurawo, runoratidzwa muviri uye ungaderedza kutsungirira kutyora muviri kune dzezvakatipoteredza zvinofurira.

gonadotrophin

Ivo atarisire basa gonads zvose vakadzi nevarume. Saka, follikulotropin vakadzi kunomutsa nokuumbwa follicles vari ovaries. Mukono hafu chakavanzika simba pamusoro prostate kukura uye spermatogenesis (paumbwe dzisingaoneki).

Lyuteoptropin anoita kugadzirwa androgens - varume mahormone (testosterone, androstenedione, uye zvichingodaro.) Uye inonzi estrogen - (. Estriol, estradiol, uye vamwe) hadzi mahormone.

Nokudaro, pituitary shwanu uye ayo mahormone zvinobatanidzwa basa zvinenge zvose nhengo.

Posterior akafukidza pituitary shwanu

Posterior akafukidza pituitary neurohypophysis anonzi kuti rinoumbwa epidermal masero, inonzi pituitary masero. Neurohypophysis, uyewo Anterior pituitary unobereka mahormone. Makemikari ari posterior pituitary:

• oxytocin;
• vasopressin;
• asparototsin;
• vasotocin;
• glumitotsin;
• valitotsin;
• izototsin;
• mezototsin.

mahormone zvose izvi mabasa avo zvakananga mabasa ari mumuviri womunhu. Ngatimbotaura nezvevamwe vavo voga.

oxytocin

Somuenzaniso, kemikari oxytocin rinokanganisa uterine tsandanyama pakusununguka. Pamusoro pemvura muchitokisi membranes dzinokosha receptors nehanya oxytocin. Panguva pamuviri, kemikari ichi hazvirevi kuwedzera pamwero chinogona kukonzera uterine sunga. Just kuberekwa pamberi pachavo pasi pokudzora munhukadzi kemikari inonzi estrogen kunowedzera aikanganiswa oxytocin uye kusununguka kuitika. Asiwo kunoita kuti zvinoderedza ari myoepithelial masero kuti anomira mammary shwanu kuti kunomutsa kugadzirwa mukaka.

The mugumisiro oxytocin pamusoro hono nomuviri havaratidzi kunzwisisa. Zvinofungidzirwa kuti anokwanisa kufurira basa intestinal rusvingo, rwatata uye dundira.

Vasopressin (ADH)

Vasopressin (anonziwo antidiuretic kemikari - ADH) anoita mabasa maviri mumuviri. Chine antidiuretic chiito, i.e. kunonatsiridza mvura reabsorption iri rokuunganidza ducts etsvo uye, mukuwedzera, zvinokanganisawo arteriolar kumeso musculature (ropa rakanaka midziyo pakukoka kubva arteries), i.e. It anokwanisa kuderedza lumen dzavo. The vasiri wevasungwa chiito ichi haakonzeri kuchikosha zvainoita Muviri, mune pharmacological mishonga kana raitongwa ADH Semi-rakaisvonaka chimiro arterioles dzinokwanisa kujekesa, iro rinoita kuwedzera kumanikidza.

Saka, posterior pituitary mahormone kana vanokwanisa kukonzera kushomeka kukura cheshuga insipidus (antidiuretic chiito) umo zuva zvingaparadzwa kusvika 15 litres emura (weti goho pamwe). kurasikirwa uku kunofanira nguva kukasawedzerwa. Vanhu vane chirwere cheshuga insipidus vari kusangana nyota rusingaperi.

The zvenguva akafukidza pituitary

Zvokungoitawo mugove unoberekawo dzinoverengeka mahormone Somuenzaniso, izvi zvinosanganisira melanostimuliruyuschy kemikari, riri basa ganda uye bvudzi ruvara. Under nawo akaumba ruvara rwe-melanin, iyo wakakurira basa rinokosha mune vanhu kwemarudzi ani.

Meaning of pituitary mahormone

Pituitary (hormone mabasa ayo pamusoro apa) inoshanda pamwe hypothalamus (weDhipatimendi diencephalon), kutaura zvazviri, ayo neurosecretory nuclei. Pamwe chete vanoumba hypothalamo-pituitary hurongwa. Unotonga kushanda vose peripheral kwemakemikari anobudiswa mumasero. Zvaipesana pituitary basa (hormone zvirwere) kuupenyu zvakakomba. matambudziko aya raisanganisira endocrinologist.

The pituitary shwanu wayo basa mumuviri anokosha chaizvo. Ivo waizoratidza kushanda nhengo dzose uye hurongwa.

Zvirwere uye zvokurwara

Kana matambudziko kuitika munyika yakadaro duku kwemakemikari anobudiswa shwanu ndiye pituitary kemikari uye mabasa aro haashandi zvakanaka, uye ari mumuviri womunhu angatanga zvirwere zvakakomba:

• acromegaly;
• gigantism;
• chirwere cheshuga insipidus;
• pituitary hypothyroidism kana hyperthyroidism;
• pituitary hypogonadism;
• hyperprolactinemia;
• pituitary dwarfism;
• Cushing nehosha;
• Sheehan kuti syndrome.

zvirwere zvakadai zvinogona kuitika kana pituitary shwanu haina synthesized hormone, kana vashoma, kana, nekusiyana, ropa runoyerera zvakawandisa vavo. Nerevane pituitary mahormone chitunha dzinokosha. kukanganisa kwavo kunogona kukonzera zvakasiyana siyana pathologies zvinoda chakakomba nzira uye kazhinji zvinoda kemikari mishonga.