Pasvik State Nature Reserve. Mhuka dzePasvik Nature Reserve

Ichi ndicho chechitatu chekuchengetedzwa kwevakawanda mu Murmansk. Yakasimbiswa muna 1992 maererano nekugadziriswa kweHurumende yeRussian Federation yekudzidza nekuchengetedza kwemasango emapine ari kuchamhembe kwekuparadzirwa. Mukuwedzera, kuongororwa kwenharaunda yekumusoro kwezvisikwa zvepasi kunofanirwa kuitirwa munzvimbo. Nharo inokosha mukuda kugadzira nzvimbo yakachengetedzwa yaiva nhoroondo yezvi nzvimbo idzi.

Mune dzimwe nzvimbo, vanochera matongo vakawana mararamiro evanhu vekare. Munguva dzekare munzvimbo idzi vaigara vaSami, avo vaibata hove, kubereka kwemhepo, vakafamba mumupata weRwizi. Zvizhinji gare gare, vaRussia, vaNorway, Finns vakaonekwa pano. Iyi nyika kusvikira muna 1918 ndeyemapurogiramu eArkhangelsk, ndokuzoenda kuFinland ndokudzokera kuSoviet Union mushure meHondo Yenyika Yechipiri.

Nzvimbo yePasvik Nature Reserve inzvimbo yakachengetedzwa yemvura zhinji yemvura zhinji-swan-swans, geese, madaki uye shiri dzinokambaira, pamwe nekuchengetedzwa kwebhedha rePaz.

Iyi nzvimbo ine tsika yakawanda uye nhoroondo. IPasvik Reserve ndiyo mhedziso yebasa rekubatanidza reongorori veNorway neRussia. Inoumbwa nezvikamu zviviri zvisina kukwana zvinoshandiswa nenzvimbo yacho. Vanovata kune rumwe rutivi rwemuganhu unofamba parwizi rwaPaz.

Pasvik: State State Natural Reserve

Mashiro nemakungwa zvinowanzoita nzvimbo iyi. Masango emapine ane 40% yenzvimbo yakachengetedzwa. Pakati, pamusoro pebani, makomo akareba kusvika mamita 380 achikwira.

Pasvik inzvimbo yakachengetedzwa isina unhu. Iyi inzvimbo yepanyika nzvimbo yekutarisana nekumadokero kwemarudzi yemhuka nemichero nevekumabvazuva. Pano, makomo nemapani, maruva uye taiga, uyewo tundra, zvinosanganiswa.

Rwizi rwePaz neLake

The Pasvik Reserve iri pedyo nerwizi urwu. Iyo inoyerera kuburikidza nenzvimbo yose yakachengetedzwa. Rwizi runobva kuInari (Finland) uye runopinda muVaranger Fjord (Gungwa reBarents). Kureba kwayo ndeye 147 km, kureba kwekukwirira kwepamusoro kunenge 119 mamita. Pamberi pacho, rwizi rwakanga rwuri nemakungwa makuru, akabatanidzwa nemapuranga nemvura. Zvadaro vakavaka 2 zvivako zveNorway uye zvishanu zveRussia. Munzvimbo shomanana bedzi yemvura yemarara yakachengetedzwa. Mazuva ano inonzi inzvimbo yakakodzera yemvura. Nzvimbo iyi inonzi Fjærvann, iyo inoshandura kubva kuNorwegian se "downy lake".

Mahombekombe anotora nzvimbo yakawanda yePasvik, chikamu chakanyanya chavo chinowanikwa kuchamhembe kweiyo nzvimbo. Zvizhinji zvavo hazvina kudzika, zvine dope, sandy or peaty beaches. Kune dzimba mumakomo emakomo. Mukuru wavo ndeye Kaskamajärvi. Inowanikwa mumoyo wekuchengetedzwa. Nharaunda yaro ine 188 hectares, iyo yakadzika yakadzika kupfuura mamiriyoni makumi mana, mabhangi ndiwo dombo.

Varlama Island

Panzvimbo ino yekuchengetera kune chiwi chiduku. Makore anopfuura zana apfuura Hans Schonning, mudzidzi wemarudzi anobva kuNorway, akashanda uye akagara pano. Akanga ari wokutanga kuzivisa nyika iyi nesayenzi yenyika uye akanyora bhuku pamusoro penguva yakashandiswa pachiwi. Iri basa rakamuunza mukurumbira wenyika yose. Bhuku racho raive rakakurumbira zvokuti vazhinji vaifarira kuuya kumatunhu aya.

Nguva ichangopfuura, imba yaH. Skonig yakavakwazve pamusoro pegungwa. Nhasi inoshandiswa senheyo yemunda yekucherechedza zvisikwa. Mukuwedzera, pachitsuwa chacho muna 1995, shongwe yekare yakagadziriswa yakavandudzwa uye yakashandurwa kuva nhengo dzemajoka, iyo yakabvumira kuchengeta shiri. Panguva yekuvhurwa kwekuvhura kwayo kwakauya Prince Philip - Mutungamiri weWWF.

Pasvik Nzvimbo Yakasikwa - Mhuka

Zvizhinji zvezvipenyu zvekuchengetedzwa zvinomiririrwa nemhando dzakasiyana dzematafura. Nhamba yemhuka dzesimba munharaunda iyi ndeyemarudzi 34, 14 ayo asingawanzoitiki. Chimwe chikamu chazvo mapurisa.

Nokuti nzvimbo idzi dzinowanikwa mhuka dzakadai sorojirusi, chironda, mhombwe, hare, marten, bhuruni ine bhuru, elk. Vagari vomuskrat vari vazhinji muzvivako. Bhabhironi bhiza uye zvisikwa zvinowanika munharaunda dziri munyika mbiri dzakapoteredza. Wolverine, weasel uye otter anowanikwa, asi asingawanzoitiki.

"Pasvik" inzvimbo yakachengetwa nemarudzi ayo emhuka yemhuka. Iyi inonzi reindeer - iyo musha kune mhuka dzayo dzakapambwa. Chikara chinogona kuwanikwa mukati meKola Peninsula. Kudyiswa kwemombe kunowanikwa zvakanyanya muLapland (Finland) uye kuFinnmark (Norway). Munzvimbo idzi yakachengetedzwa nenzira yakazara.

Mhuka dzisina kufanana dzenharaunda dzinongodzidza. Pakutanga kwezana remakore rekupedzisira, mbeu 776 dzezvipembenene dzakanyoreswa zviri pamutemo pano, iyo ndeyevanhu 8. Kusvika iye zvino, vakadzidza zvikuru ndivo Hymenoptera uye Diptera.

Zvipembenene zvezvigunwe zvinosvika makumi mapfumbamwe nemashanu kubva kune gumi nematatu mhuri. Inofanira kuonekwa kuti iyi haisi deta yekupedzisira. Kutsvakurudza masayendisiti anopfuurira.

Shiri

Nzvimbo yePasvik Nature Reserve, iyo iyo yatakaisa munyaya ino, yakafuma kune shiri. Vanyoresa pano 229 marudzi.

Rwizi rwePaz, pamwe chete nematunhu ari pedyo, inzvimbo yakakosha ye shiri dzakadai se swan swan uye mhepo ye-black-throated diver, chiremba uye gogol, mhepo yakareba kwenguva refu uye mallard. Mumakwenzi mune zvipembenene zvakawanda (fifi, snipe, dandy) uye grey crane.

Zvinyorwa zvinosanganisira ganda-tailed gondo, osprey, goshawk, kestrel, buzzard buzzard, swamp owl. Kumasango ezvisikwa zvekudyara munzvimbo inochengetwa, inosanganisira bhiza remasango uye musango wematanda, redstart uye Thrush-Rowanberry, chiffchaff uye yurok, oatmeal uye flycatcher.

Shiri dzakadai sedzakasviba, capercaillie, hazel grouse, partridges, shiri duku, tits uye vamwe vakawanda, kupedza nguva yechando mumatanda. Muchikomo tundra, unogona kuona girafu rakajairika, chido chekudyidzana, chiyero chevheta.

Vegetable world

Reserve "Pasvik" iri munharaunda yekumusoro kweTiga, inopinda mumusango-tundra. Pamahombekombe eRwizi rwePaz, nzvimbo dzakakwirira dzekuchamhembe pine dzinokura muEurope.

Sibruan spruce inowanikwa munzvimbo yePechenga. Inowanikwa mukati mekuchengetedzwa pedyo neGomo Kalkupya. Panewo nzvimbo yepine miti yakasiyana-siyana, iyo isina kumbobatwa nekudonha, iyo yezera iri kupfuura makore 200.

Yechipiri inonyanya kuwanikwa mune imwe nzvimbo ndiyo birch. Pamhenderekedzo yenzizi nehova dzakazara shrub birch masango. Pamapani munoona muti weBirch. Mumunharaunda, birch iri meandering. Kazhinji, asi kune birch inotyisa, kunyanya pedyo nehova dzemvura, nzizi nemakungwa.