Bialowieza Forest - pfuma rwacho!

Chii Bialowieza Forest? Chokutanga, ndiro rakakura kupfuura mamwe ose vakasara primeval kakasaririra sango iri sandara nomunzvimbo dzine. Maererano nzwisiso masayendisiti ano, Musango prehistoric nguva yaiva Europe, asi kwave pamwe ratemwa pamusoro nguva. Mune zvimwe zvichidzika yaro yepakutanga chimiro varemekedzwe chete sezvo hombe siyana pamusoro munharaunda Bialowieza nharaunda, izvo zvinozoita iri nyika muPoland uye Belarus.

dondo Geography

Bialowieza Forest - nzvimbo, kuburikidza iyo anomhanya muganhu pakati vaviri inoti - Republic of Belarus uye Republic of kwePoland. Next iyi mhandara kudondo akakurumbira prehistoric Watershed of Black uye reBaltic makungwa. Nemiti uye fauna of iyi nzvimbo iri rakasiyana. Kuti aponese panzvimbo Bialowieza Forest akasimbisa modes zvina kudzivirira:

• akadzivirira mapazi;
• kuzvivaraidza nzvimbo;
• Zone pehurumende kushandiswa;
• upfumi mapazi.

Uyezve, vakakomba hunhu kuchengeterwa, rakagadzirwa nevanhu buffer wongoramba. Forest, iri nyika Belarus uye Poland, chakasiyana zvechokwadi uye kupfuura hondo dzose prehistoric masango huchiriko pasi redu. Zvinonzi hunodzorwa nemipaini masango (chikwindi uye Blueberry), uye avhareji zera muti mumwe nomumwe - makore anenge 80.

A Nhoroondo shoma

kuchengeterwa ichi somunhu akadzivirirwa rakasiyana nzvimbo yakanga nechakare muna 1409, gore. Zvadaro, pazuva Polish choushe akagara mambo nezita Jagiello. Zvaiva yake chaiyo yaiva dondo ichi. Ndiye pane imwe nguva wakabudiswa youmambo chirevo, maererano iyo mhuka dzose kuvhima guru vaigara munharaunda relict dondo, iri zvachose wairambidza. "Belovezhskoe pfuma" yaiva chikamu Grand Duchy pakati Lithuania kubva 1413th gore, uye muna 1795, gore Russia zvasungwa yomudondo.

"Vana bison yenyu ..."

Unofunga kuti anobatanidza shoko "bison" neshoko "dondo"? Ndiwo mashoko zvikuru chaiyo ndivo anoreva zvakafanana. Yeuka mashoko akakurumbira rwiyo: "Vana bison vako havadi kufa." Hachizi tsaona. Emperor Alexander I muna 1802, gore nechirevo chake rambidzwa zvachose kunovhima bison vanogara mundima Bialowieza Forest.

All iyoyo 1802 gore, nharaunda iyi yakava chikamu Grodno dunhu, mukuru chiratidzo rinozivikanwa bison. Asi ichi akakurumbira maigara bison kuchengeterwa kwete chete. Ndima yayo iri yaigarwa zvakawanda nemhuka dzakasiyana uye zvinomera. Ngatitaurei pamusoro nemiti uye fauna of yomudondo.

Bialowieza Forest. Animals uye miti

Maererano nenhamba mhando nemhuka kuti vanogara mundima iyi, Bialowieza Forest ari risingaenzaniswi yose Europe! Pafunge: ipapo kukura kusvika 1000 mhando mbeu zvinomera uye vascular kukakavadzana. Pane vakanyorwa 260 akasiyana mhando chikwindi, 570 mhando howa, uye 300 mhando lichen. "Bialowieza Forest" National Park - haisi chete nemadzinza ose kasvisto, asiwo chaiye dzinongoitika "Zoo".

List pakati nemiti kuchengeterwa chinosanganisira 60 akasiyana mhando mhuka, 230 eshiri, 11 mhando amphibians (amphibians), 8 marudzi nezvinokambaira (zvinokambaira), 25 mhando hove uye vakawanda invertebrates - anopfuura 11000. Zvinokosha kucherechedza kuti kupfuura vanhu bison upenyu pamusoro munharaunda Bialowieza dondo.

Pano unogona kuwana herbivores makuru zvakadaro nondo, nemharapara mhembwe, Elk, mhuka musii. Mhuka Mbeswa dzinoturwa musango mapere, makava, chamatebwe, yokuSpain, otters, the marten, etc. Zoologists, vanodzidza kureva, tiine kuti Bialowieza Forest akaramba kushoma chaizvo uye kwakasanangurwa rwaro nenzanga invertebrates. Izvi zvinosanganisira Zvipembenene mu zvakaora kana akafa mudondo mulberry howa uye invertebrates havo Pamumvuri wetsanga napamurove uye bogs.

Kamwe mundima kuchengeterwa rinogarwa ungulate guru - rwokuparidza. Zvinosuruvarisa, panguva yose vagari vemo akafa chose. Tours anyangarika pamberi Earth iri XVII remakore. Zoologists, vanyori venhau dzakaitika vanoti mhuka idzi hoofed akakura zvikuru kupfuura "Bialowieza" Hofori kuitika - bison. Kuva akatendeseka, bison, zvakare, muri vatarisana kutsakatika ... ivo, kufanana nedzimwe mhuka dzakawanda kuti vanogara kuchengeterwa, vanobatanidzwa mune International Red Book.

World nhaka

National Park inonzi "Bialowieza Forest" muna 1992 waibatanidzwa inonzi World Heritage List. Chisarudzo ichi vaiva UNESCO. Uyezve, pashure chaizvo gore rimwe, mupaka vakawana mamiriro inonzi Biosphere Reserve. Muna 1997, muzita Reserve akanga paakavapa ari dhipuroma reCouncil of European dzakawanda sangano inosimudzira co-kushanda pakati European marudzi ose.

Chimwe chiitiko chinokosha munhoroondo rakasiyana nzvimbo ino yaiva nekaupenyu ichangopfuura - muna 2014. Maererano chisarudzo yechirongwa the World Heritage Committee, kubudikidza 23 June 2014, mupaka-kuchengeterwa "Bialowieza Forest" kubva ake Belarusian uye Polish nharaunda akava chete World Heritage Site ne UNESCO. Iva nechokwadi kushanyira nzvimbo iyi yakanaka!