Narwhal yemhuka: tsanangudzo nemifananidzo

Pakarepo ndinoda kupindura mubvunzo wevadzidzi vedu kuti narwhal yakadaro chii - mhuka kana hove. Icho chimhuka chinenge chiri checetaceans. Iyi ndiyo chete yerwhal.

Nyama narwhal, kana mvura yeunicorn, inogara muActictic Ocean, ihama yepedyo yebeluga uye ndeyemhuri yezvisikwa zvipenyu zvegungwa.

Kuonekwa

Uyu mhuka huru kwazvo - narwhal. Kurema kwayo (mukomana) kunosvika matani zana. Kureba kwemuenzaniso mukuru kune mamita 4.5, kusvika kune imwe nehafu hafu urefu hwemhuru. Mune nhamo ye narwhal yakakura, inopfuura hafu yakawanda. Madzimai acho anonyanya kukosha, uremu hwavo huri 900 kilogram.

Nhoroondo dzomukati dzinofanana zvikuru nemabhaga. Asi ivo vanozivikanwa nerunyanga rukuru. Kazhinji kacho kunonzi tusk. Iyi yakave yakakura uye yakasimba yakagadzirirwa mamita 2-3 murefu uye inorema 10 kg. Miti inokwanisa kukotama nenzira dzakasiyana, pasina kuputsa.

Chikonzero nei Narwhale runyanga

Mabasa ehutano haasati anzwisiswa zvizere. Zvisinei, nhasi masayendisiti ane chivimbo anotaura kuti hazvifananidzi kupfura mazaya echando kana kurwisa munhu akabatwa.

Pakutanga, iyo shanduro yakaparidzirwa kuti mhuka narwhal inoshandisa runyanga rwayo mumitambo yekukwikwidza - kukwezva mukadzi. Yakanga yakavakirwa pane zvaionekwa. Ichokwadi ndechokuti munguva yekukwirira idzi zvikara zvikuru zvinogara zvichitakura zvigadziro zvavo.

Muna 2005, shanduro yezvesayenzi yakacherechedza hupenyu hwezvinyorwa izvi, yakasvika pakugumisa kuti dzidzo iyi inonyanya kunetseka. Paakadzidza, nhamba yakawanda yemigumo yehutano yakawanikwa pamusoro pake.

Masayendisiti zvakare akamboona kuti yakasiyana sei narwhal (mhuka). Kuyera kushambidzika uye kuwanda kwemafungu emagetsi anoshandiswa iyo tsvimbo ndiyo inotevera yechinangwa chayo.

Hypersensitive tusk

Nyanga ye narwhal inoremekedzwa uye inokosheswa zvikuru mumitemo yakasiyana - inogona kunge yakashongedza zvigaro zvoushe uye dzimba dzemazinda. MuEngland, nhoroondo ye narwhal yakava tsvimbo youmambo. Mukadzikadzi Erizabheti nokuda kwechimwe chikwata chemugumo uyu wekumusoro wakabhadharwa muzana remakore rechi16 kunoshamisa kune iyo nguva nguva yacho - 10 000 pounds. Nemari iyi yaive yakakwanisa kuvaka imba. Chii chinoshamisa kwazvo pamusoro pegadziriro yacho?

Nhawhals ndeyomukati mutsva wezvinyorwa zvinonzi toothed whales. Pasinei neizvi, chaizvoizvo zvisikwa zvisina meno. Hapana mazino ari kumucheto wezasi , uye mairi maviri chete mumutsara wepamusoro. Iyo duku inogona kuva nematanhatu matanhatu epamusoro uye mazino maviri ari pasi, asi inowira nekukurumidza, uye panzvimbo yezino rinotsiyirwa, varume vanokura tusk, iyo panguva yekukura kwemhuka inosvika 2-3 m kureba, 7-10 cm muhupamhi nezvimwe 10 kg kiyero. Mhemberero yakareba inongongedza varume chete. Runyanga rwevakadzi rwerudyi uye ruduku. Hazviwanzoitiki, asi zvinoitika kuti mazino maviri ari madzimai anowedzererwa mumatanda; Uye muvarume iro canine yakasara haigoni kuva runyanga, asi izvi hazviwanzo zvisiri izvo.

Nzira ye narwhal kumusoro kwayo inobata kutsvaira (kucheka), iyo inowedzera simba rayo zvikuru. Izvi zvinoratidzika kwenguva yakareba: nekufambisa mberi kwechipfuwo, mutsara, kukunda kusimba kwakasimba kwemvura, kunotenderera zvishoma nezvishoma kumativi ayo. Somugumisiro, masvingo echekete akachekwa nemirairo yakasvibiswa pamvura inotanga kubuda.

Kakawanda kazhinji kune varume vane mabhesi maviri, ayo akaumbwa pakarepo kubva kumeno maviri. Maererano nehuwandu, mhuka dzakadaro dzinosangana nemunhu mumwe chete muvanhu vakuru vashanu.

Zvinoshamisa kuti kunyange nanhasi nhoroondo, uye kunyanya runyanga rwayo, inoramba iri chakavanzika kune masayendisiti pasi rose. Haana kudzidza zvishoma.

Kusvikira iye zvino, vanotsvakurudza vanodavira kuti chibvumirano chinobvumira narwhal kunzwa sechishanduko mukupisa, kumanikidzwa, kukanganiswa mumvura yezvimedu zvimiswa.

Lifestyle

Narwhal mhuka (mifananidzo yatakaisa munyaya ino), iyo inenge nguva yechando yakanyudzwa mumvura yakadzika ye5,5 km. Izvi zvakafanira kuchengetedza kunopisa yeActictic waters. Mushure mechinguva inokwira kumusoro kunopfuura mhepo uye inoendazve pakadzika. Pazuva iro anogadzira anenge anenge gumi nemaviri akadaro. Mukuwedzera, subcutaneous mafuta inodzivirirwa kutendeseka kunotonhora muma narwhals. Kupera kwaro dzimwe nguva kunodarika masendimita 10. Muzhizha, mhuka idzi dzinowanzowanikwa pakadzika 30 kusvika 300 m.

Power supply

Mhuka yeArctic - iyo narwhal - inodya zvikuru cephalopod mollusks uye marudzi akasiyana ehove dzepasi. Vavengi vemazana emhuka idzi dzine simba mhondi dzinouraya uye mabheya anonzi polar. Vechidiki dzimwe nguva vanorwiswa neharaki.

Mhuri

Nhoroondo yemhuka inogona kugara muga kana muboka duku, rinosanganisira kusvika kune varume vakuru kana vakadzi vane vana.

Pakupedzisira, ma giants aya akasika mombe huru, achiverenga mazana mashoma, uye dzimwe nguva zviuru zvemisoro. Nhasi hazvisi nyore kuwana boka remisoro inopfuura zana. Dzimwe nguva vanobatanidzwa neBelgaga Whales.

Kufanana nedzimwe mhuka dzeketace, mhuka idzi dzinotaurirana pamwe chete kuburikidza nemasazwi. Kazhinji kazhinji idzi inzwi rakapinza, semakarozha, kugomera, kubvongodza, hoing, kubvongodza, kugadzira.

Kubereka

Kubatana kunowanikwa mumwaka. Kuberekwa kunotora mwedzi 14, iyo yose yakazara yekuberekwa ndeye makore 2-3. Kazhinji munhu anoberekwa, zvishoma nemabhati maviri. Kukura kwepabonde kunouya kusvika kumakore manomwe. Mhosva dzekuberekwa kwemhuka idzi mukutapwa hazvina kunyorwa.

Mukadzi anodyisa vana nemukaka wakawanda kwemwedzi 20.

Upenyu mukutapwa

Mvura isango ndiyo yeboka duku rezvipfuwo zvisingaregi kusungwa zvachose. Izvi zvinoratidzwa nechokwadi chisina chokwadi chokuti mwedzi inopfuura mitanhatu mujeri haisati yasara mhuka chero ipi zvayo, asi mumamiriro ezvinhu echisikiro inorarama makore makumi mashanu. Nhamba chaiyo yemarwhals haisati yasimbiswa, asi idiki, zvisikwa zvisikwa zvatove zvichinyorwa muBlack Book yeRussian Federation.

Nechivimbo chakakwana vanogona kunzi imwe yezvishamiso zveArctic, yakasiyana uye yakasiyana nemhando yayo.

Habitat

Takatotaura kare kuti mhuka idzi dzine simba dzinogara munzvimbo dzakashata dziri kuchamhembe. Yakawanda kupfuura dzose mumakungwa eArctic, muActic Ocean. Narvale inogona kuwanikwa kubva kumhenderekedzo yeGreenland, uyewo kumativi ekuchamhembe eCanada Arctic Archipelago.

Mapoka maduku akanyorwa kuchamhembe-kumabvazuva kwaFranz Josef Land, kazhinji kacho pakati peKolyma neCape Barrow. Izvi zvinokonzerwa nekushaya kwekudya - kune vashoma cephalopods. Nzvimbo dzeNorth Pole dzakanyoreswa mapoka emarwhals kuchamhembe kweWrangel Island. Vanorarama mumvura inotonhora mumucheto weActictic ice, kuita nguva yekufamba-famba: muzhizha - kusvika kuchamhembe, uye munguva yechando - kumaodzanyemba.

Chikafu chemvura chinoputika chinopedzwa nevanhu vekumusoro. Vanoshandisawo mafuta emhuka idzi senzira yemwenje (wick). Guts anoshandiswa kuita tambo, twine. Asi kunyanya kukosha ihwamanda isinganzwisisiki, kana tusk. Kubva imhizha yekumhizha inoita mhizha yakasiyana-siyana.

Population

Nhamba yemhuka narwhal ndeye mhando dzesango dziri pedyo nekuparara. MuMiddle Ages, nekuda kwerunyanga rwayo, iyo, maererano nema shamans, ine masimba emashiripiti, izvi zvipfu zvemhuka zvakaparadzwa muhuwandu hwakawanda.

Kunyange nanhasi, chikwata chisingawanzo chinogona kukonzera kuurawa kwemhuka. Ivo vanovhimwa neEeskimos. Kana mabhiioni ezvinyorwa akashandiswa pakutsvaga mumazuva ekare, nhasi mabhazi ezvikepe uye zvigadzirwa zvemhando dzekushandisa zvekuuraya nhawhales zvinoshandiswa.

Chero ani anotambanudza ruoko rwake kune mhuka isingadikanwi, zvakakosha kuziva kuti idzi ndidzo zviratidzo zvoupenyu zvezvisikwa, vanonzwa kusanyanya kudarika mumamiriro okunze, ivo vanocherechedza kusvibiswa kwemhepo.