Marginals. Meaning of shoko. Ndiani - "kurarama noruwa" kana "chemasanganiswa tsika"?

Kazhinji unogona kunzwa kuti vanhu vakasununguka kubva zvatinosiita pfungwa uye dependencies vakawanda, anotaurwa so "shoma". Zvichireva vazhinji vaigona mukanganise, sezvo pasi pfungwa iyi inogona kuwana pokugara, vatama, akangwara freelancers, chinozunguzirwa itsva oligarchs. Ava akasiyana zvachose nevanhu, vanhu vakasiyana. Chii kunovabatanidza? Ndoupi kune mumapepanhau?

Man "mugungwa"

Nokuda kwechimwewo chikonzero vanhu ava, magariro strata uye mapoka vari "mugungwa", nokuti hairevi mukati rave muvanhu kuti imwe socio-zvetsika nemagariro uye tsika. Zvakaratidza kuti masa anogona kunzi chero munhu uyo zvaanoda kana naro haambotauri kwakajairika setups kana kuramba navo, regai kurarama kufanana vose, ikasadururirwa kupinda vanhu. Mavambo, kutadza kutaura, chaiwo ye oga uye pakarepo akaisa unhu imwe mhando shure kumucheto dzose miganhu.

Funga anoita shoko "shoma". Maererano dudziro Encyclopedic maduramazwi, munhu ari pamuganhu akasiyana magariro evanhu, tsika, mapoka uye kuona matambudziko dzinopesana mitemo, dzemunharaunda uye tsika. Kwakafanana pfungwa iyi anonzi lumpen maatomu akafanana, izvo zvinosanganisira vamiririri evanhu "pasi".

Zvakaratidza, kana uri mumwe yokusafa zvatariswa akadai mavambo, kutadza kutaura, chaiwo ye oga, iwe kare wava pamusoro pamucheto rudzi kujairana miganhu, uchitova shoma. Ndiani - "Kurarama pamusoro varikumahombekombe" kana "chemasanganiswa tsika"? How kugovera vanhu "kunze" - iri mupendero yepamusorosoro uye ezasi mumatunhu? Muchiitiko chino, kureva kutanga vaya vakasiya makirasi rezasi uye anoramba ari mukuru mumatunhu, apo rechipiri - vaya akafumuka kana nekusiyana,
akawana mhinduro dzinogutsa vose mibvunzo mikuru upenyu?

"Vaya vanogara varikumahombekombe"

Vanhu vasingararami kufanana vose, kuregeredza evanhu mitemo, asi regai ndiende mhiri pamutemo munda - marginals. Zvichireva hazvirevi chinhu tsamwisa, asi rinoreva mumwe vari vashoma. Kokutanga, shoko rakava kwakapararira mukuvamba XX remakore. Chakasimudzira vakashandisa Chicago chikoro wemagariro evanhu mutsvakurudzi Robert Park. Rakaitwa mune imwe essays ake, rakanzi "Human kutama uye zviratidzo zvinoendesa kune murume" pamusoro vatamira North America, kwete kuwanikwa kushanda munyika itsva nyika kuti asina kugamuchirwa mitemo mitsva uye kuramba kuomerera patsika dzavo.

rinoreva All nezvahunonyatsoreva

The prehistory pamusoro chidzoke rokuti anogona kunzi pfungwa "zvenguva maatomu akafanana" anoshandiswa muzvidzidzo eupenyu mapoka mubvakure mumaguta evanhu sangano. Ivo akatsanangura mamiriro ezvinhu evanhu, pamuganhu ekvilibriruyuschih akasiyana zvachose tsika, uye pamigumisiro unsuitability vavo vanhu itsva. vatama izvi pakutanga, uye christened zita sevanhu. zvichireva pakupedzisira vawana kwerima guru idzva. vagueness rwake chairwo chabatsira vamwe kuvhiringidzika kunzwisisa zvinoreva izwi. Saka vanhu vakatanga kushevedzera zvatinosiita muvanhu, vanhu vane rupawo pachifo chaiko kana nepfungwa.

Ko shoko "shoma" chinoshayikwa Ozhegova mumaduramazwi Brockhaus uye Efron, asi TSB? Mune dzimwe manyuko unogona kuwana imwe-mudzi Mabviro ezwi rokuti "marginalia" - mavanga kana headers zvakaitwa panguva magazini munda, rimwe bhuku kana zvimwe akadhindwa chigadzirwa. Gare gare, muna "Soviet Encyclopedia" rinowanika shoko "shoma", zvichireva chinhu zvenguva chinzvimbo munhu neimwe muvanhu.

Mazuva Russian ani, magariro strata uye mapoka ari "pomugwagwa" zvinopfuura wakananga kune imwe nzanga madhipatimendi, tsika, anonzi shoma. zvichireva asi kujeka, asi munguva ichangopfuura zvikuru mufashoni.

"Non-systemic"

Pfungwa shoko "shoma" kuti asiri pokumufungira. It riri pamuganhu pakati "zvakanaka" uye "akaipa." Pashure pezvose, nhasi chii kunonzwisiswa sezvo mhiri yezvinoreva ezvinhu, mangwana zvingabudirira mahuri, uye haigoni kupinda, kuramba "kunze" kwemarongerwe evanhu mamiriro.

Positive uye akaipa marginalism

Shoko "shoma" inogona vakaongorora nenzira mbiri: akanaka uye kunaka. Chokwadi, yokusafa kukosha "dzisiri systemic" munhu haafaniri kumira ose kugadziriswa uye muFirisitia. Vangatokutaurira mukwanisi nayo.

Mumapepanhau zvinowanzotaurwa sechinoitika "Crank." Serious chido weclassical munhu pakati vanamuzvinabhizimisi kuiita pakati nevamwe vatorwa uye anokosha, nekuti kashoma zvavaida pakati zvinokosheswa kumusoro art. In kambani yake, iye vashoma. Uye vanhu ava sokuti vatorwa avo ezvinhu, munhoroondo zvizhinji. Izvi A. D. Saharov, A. I. Solzhenitsyn, A. Einstein, Thomas Mann nevamwe unhu zhinji yakakurumbira. Vakawanda pfungwa dzavo havana kunzwisisa uye kwete zvinobvumwa vaairarama, asi vakanga zvinokosheswa chaizvo mune ramangwana. Mazita nyora hazvibviri, asi kusiyana vanhu ava nguva dzose pave akanaka ezvinhu kuti chidzoke ane kupedzisira, yepakutanga uye kutaurwa nezvazvo zviitiko.

Uye kune shoma, izvo kungatadzisa kukura zvikuru. Pamusana zvedzidzo mano avo pasi, havagoni ajairane kwakajairika ezvinhu, zviri nyore kuramba yakasimbiswa dzemunharaunda uye kutungamirira hazvina ushamwari mararamiro.

Kunzwisisa Chiitiko kuti marginality kuramba achiedza kuti nokududzirwawo gadziriro mafungiro. Uye iwe unogona philosophize uye edza kuwana mutsetse pakati kunoshamisa kuratidzwa unhu munhuwo zvake uye zvavaisiita maonero kweshoko "shoma", iro zvakaoma.