Chii chinonzi Refractory Metals?

Kutaura pamusoro pezvinhu zvisingagadziri zvishandiso, zvakakosha kunzwisisa kuti chii chinowira pasi pasi peshoko iri. Vanadium, tungsten, molybdenum, niobium, rhenium, tantalum, zirconium uye hafnium zvicherwa, iyo inoputika inosvika 1650-1700 ° C.

Mune chimiro chayo chakachena, zvishandiso zvisingatsvaki hazviwaniki mune zvakasikwa. Dzinowanikwa kubva kune ore concentrates, uchishandisa nharo huru-nhatu teknolojia. Nzvimbo yekutanga ndiyo yekuzarura kwekufungisisa, saka kupatsanurwa nekucheneswa kwemakemikari zvinowanikwa uye, pakugumisa, kuderedza nekuchenesa kwesimbi.

Nharaunda yekushandiswa kwezvinhu zvisingatengesi yakakura. Zvishandiso zvinoshandiswa zvinoshandiswa mumagetsi ekugadzira, kushandiswa kwezvikepe, magetsi uye makemikari emabhizimisi, izvo zvinokonzerwa nemiti yavo yakasiyana, iko kushandiswa kwavo mualloys sezvinhu zvisina kupisa zvinopisa.

Ngationgororei imwe neimwe yesimbi inopesana yakasiyana.

Vanadium isimbi yakasimba yegrey-steel color. Zita rayo rakapiwa kune tsvina mukuremekedza mwarikadzi wakanaka Vanadis, nekuda kwerudzi rwemaswa ayo anowanikwa mukugadzirwa kwarwo. Vanadium inopesana nemvura uye yakasiyana-siyana acids. Inoshandiswa pakugadzira rabhu, ceramics, girasi uye, zvechokwadi, mabasa. Sema electrode yakanaka mumatribheti ekuchengetedza, vanadium pentoxide inoshandiswa.

Tungsten i grey yakasimba simbi, pasi pemamiriro ezvinhu akaenzana inogona kunzi inonyanya kushandiswa simbi inoshandiswa mumetallurgy sechando. Zita rokuti wolfram rakabva kune mineral wolframite (mhumhi mhumhi), iyo yaizivikanwa kumashure kwezana remakore rechi15, sezvo tungsten yakaita kuti zvive zvakaoma kufuta tini. Tungsten inowana kushandiswa kwayo mukugadzirwa kwezvikepe zvakakosha, zvinoshandiswa pakukura makristasi asina kuchena, kusungira girazi, nezvimwewo.

Molybdenum isimbi inonyangadza yemuchena mutsvuku. Molybdenum inenge isingatenderwi nehujidhi, uye inogadziriswa nehydrogen inowanikwa apo molybdenum inosvika pakanyunguduka (2620 ° C). Inoshandiswa mukugadzirwa kwemafuta emagetsi emagetsi, pamwe chete nekugadzirwa kwemakristoni emagetsi ekudzivirira.

Niobium inoratidzika-ine grey yakavhiringidza tsvina inogona kugadziriswa nyore nyore, isingagadzirwi nemavhidhiyo ane utsinye. Icho chikamu chesimbi isina chainopisa, kupisa kusinga uye kusagadzikana kusingagumi kwemaalloys, kuvandudza ma mechanical properties.

Rhenium ndeyomukati wematombo anokosha kupfuura ose . Izvo zvinyorwa zvechiedza chesimbi yakaoma ne tungsten uye molybdenum zvinopisa moto uye zvinoshandiswa pakugadzira ndege yepamusoro uye makomboti.

Tantalum isimbi yakagadzikana inogadziriswa yakagadzirwa nemuchena mutsvuku ne lilac ebb. Mu metallurgy inoshandiswa sechinhu chinokonzera kupisa-kusagadzikana, kupisa kusingagumi uye akaoma zvisikwa.

Mune chimiro chayo chakachena, zirconium isimbi yakajeka iyo inogona kushandiswa zviri nyore zvose zvinopisa uye zvinotonhora. Chimwe chinhu chakasiyana chechinhu ichi ndechekuti ine yakanyanya kukwirira kurara.

Hafnium iri mune zirconium ores. Sirivha nesirivha yakasvibirira inoshandiswa kugadzira tsvina yezvombo zvenyukireya.