Nzvimbo yakasvibira chromatography: nzira dzakadzika dzekuoma kunzwisisa

Nzvimbo yakashata chromatography inotora nzvimbo inotungamira munyaya dzehuwandu uye huwandu-huwandu hwekuongororwa kwemishonga yakaoma, zvisikwa, zvechiremba-biological, teknolojia, kemikemu nezvimwe zvinhu zvakawanda. Nzvimbo yakasvibira chromatography ndiyo nzira inonyanya kufambidzana yekuongorora mashoma ezvo chero chikamu chipi zvacho chezvinhu.

Iyi nzira yekuparadzanisa uye kuongororwa kwema-multiticomponent systems inowanzoshandiswa muma laboratori ezvo zvakasiyana zvakasiyana-siyana uye maitiro: sanitary-epidemiological, zvezvakagadzirwa zvehutano, agrochemical, tsvakurudzo, nyanzvi dzemutemo, pamwe chete nezviteshi zvekuchengetedza miti, maitiro ekusimudzira uye mapurisa ehurumende ekuongorora hutano.

Izvo zvakakosha zvakakosha zvisinganyatsogadziriswa chromatography zvichienderana nekufamba kweiyo (solvent of the analyte) mumutsetse we-sorbent nekuda kwezvinonzi ma capillary masimba ndiko kuve nyore uye nyore nyore kwechromatographic process, chiyero chekururama kwekutsvaga uye mari shoma yezvinhu zvakakodzera.

Utinhi hwekudzivirira chromatography, uine hurefu hwakanyanya hwekunzwisisika (kutarira kusvika pakatarisa) uye kusarudza, inobvumira kutsanangura 10-20 μg yezvinhu nenzira yakarurama ye7%, iyo inonyanya kureva index. Utsi hwepakati hwechromatography hunogona kuva we adsorption uye kugoverwa. Nzira yekutanga ndiyo yakanyanya kushandiswa.

Chinokosha chemukati-layer chromatography ndiyo kufamba kwechando muchengeti we-sorbent uye kugoverwa kwepakati kwezvikamu zvakasiyana-siyana, zvichienderana neunhu humwe hunhu uye zvinhu. Icho chokwadi ndechekuti mamolekoro ezvakasiyana zvakagadzirirwa uye sarudzo zvakasvibiswa (akaiswa) panzvimbo yakasimba yeplate ye chromatographic nenzira dzakasiyana. Nokudaro, yakaoma mashoma-maitiro masangano anogovera zvishoma nezvishoma zvikamu zvikamu zvakasiyana.

Kufamba nenzira yakasiyana-siyana nechepamusoro pebhuririro ye-sorbent, yakatsaurwa, yakatoparadzaniswa, zvikamu zvinoumba chromatogram. Chivara chimwe nechimwe chakatsanangana nechimwe chimiro chemakemikari. Zvinhu zvisina kujeka zvinovhenekerwa ne ultraviolet, pasi pemafungiro ayo akawanda emishonga anotanga kubuda fluoresce, kana kuendeswa kurapwa nehukuru reagent.

Pakati pezvino maitiro ekuongorora , gesi-liquid chromatography inonyanya kusiyaniswa. Iyi nzira yekuparadzanisa uye kuongorora inoshandiswa nekushandisa imwe yega inenge isiri yakasviba semafuta e-sorbent, ayo anonyorerwa nemafuta eneramic. Uye sechikwata chekufambisa, magasi akasiyana-siyana inert anoshandiswa pano . Iyi nzira inonyanya kubudirira pakuongorora mishonga yakaoma, iyo ine mazana ezvimwe zvikamu.

Imwe nzira yemazuva ano yekudzidza kuumbwa kwezvinhu zvakaoma ndiyo inonzi liquid chromatography. Chimwe chinhu chinokosha cheyu nzira ndechokuparadzaniswa kwezvinhu zvakasiyana-siyana kuburikidza nekushandisa kusiyana kwekupararira kwavo pakati pefoni (eluent) uye zvisizvo (sorbent) phases. Iyi nzira inowanzoshandiswa pakutsvaga zvakasiyana-siyana zvinokonzerwa nehupenyu (zvokudya zvinowedzera, pesticides, zvakasiyana-siyana zvinokonzerwa nehupfu, nezvimwewo). Uyewo iyi nzira yekutsvakurudza chromatographic inoshandiswa kudzora hutano hwekugadzirwa kwemishonga, kuongorora zvakagadzirwa steroids muzvinyorwa zvehupenyu, amino acid analysis nezvimwe.