Zagorsk HPSP: kero, mufananidzo. Zagorskaya PSPP-2

Musoro wenyika chero ipi zvayo inenge iri guta rinonyanya simba-guru munyika. Izvi hazvishamisi, zvichipiwa kuti guta guru rekugara munyika rinowanzoenderana nemisha yakawanda yakawanda inoshandiswawo mune simba rekushandisa. Moscow haina kuve yakasiyana, uye inharaunda yayo, iyo inopiwa magetsi nekuda kwechigadzirwa chemagetsi chinonzi Zagorskaya PSPP.

Nzvimbo dzemo

Iyi nzvimbo yekushanda inowanikwa mukati memupata weRwizi Kunyanya (iyo ndiyo yeboshwe yakasara yomugungwa Dubna). Zagorskaya PSPP iri mune imwe nzvimbo iyo maitiro ehupenyu anozivikanwa nenyanzvi sezviri nyore. Nzvimbo iyi iri munzvimbo yeguta reTaiga-masango ane humidity yakawanda (inenge 629 mm yemvura inonaya gore negore).

General ruzivo pamusoro pesimba remasimba

Zagorskaya PSHPP isimba rekugadzira pumped storage type, iri munzvimbo yeSergiev Posad yeMoscow. Icho chikuru pane zviteshi zvemufananidzo uyu uripo muRussia. Imwe nzvimbo inonzi inonyanya kukoshesa "masimba" ehurumende yose yeCentral, iyo inobatanidzwa mukugadzirisa kwehuwandu hwemazuva ano uye masimba, uye inobatanidza mitoro yepamusoro chero ipi zvayo masikati neusiku mumasero emagetsi eCentral neMoscow. Chivako chacho chakavakwa pakati pe194 na2003. Simba raro ndiro 1200 MW. Iyo inowanikwa nekambani inobatanidza vanhu RusHydro.

Constructive components

Zagorskaya PSPP yakakamurwa kuva matanho maviri - yekutanga (iri kushanda iye zvino) uye yechipiri (muchikamu chekuvaka).

Nzvimbo yekutanga yechiteshi (inowanikwa gore negore inogadzirwa magetsi 1.932 mabhiriyoni kWh) inosanganisira madhipatimendi akadaro uye mapoka:

• Station node.
• Dziva racho rinowedzera kumusoro.
• Pipelines pressure head.
• Mvura yemvura inodzokorora.
• Dziva rakaunganidza pasi.

Ngationgororei nhare yepamusoro zvakadzama. Zvakakura zvakakwana. Zvigadziriswa zvaro ndezvekuti:

• Station yekuvaka.
• Nzvimbo yegungano.
• Kuenzanisa kuchengetedza masvingo ekutanga uye wechipiri matatu.
• Kuchengetedza kwemvura yakadzika.
• Kufananidza kudzvinyirira musoro pasi madhamu.
• Iko kushanduka-shanduka-shanduka 500 kV (ORU).
• Basa rekushandira nekugadzira.
• Transformer workshop.
• Nzvimbo dzokutanga dze thyristor dzinotanga mashizha.
• Drainage systems.

Zagorskaya PSPP (address: Russia, Moscow region, Bogorodskoe settlement) yakavakwa nekrete yakasimba uye ine urefu hwemasita 138, yakafara mamita 73, yakakwirira mamita makumi mashanu. Chimiro chacho chinosanganisira zvikamu zvishanu, zvina zvine imwe yero hydroelectric unit. Muchikamu chechishanu (chikamu chechipiri) pane maviri ma hydraulic units, pamwe chete nechinzvimbo chekupemha chekunyangadza. Nechinangwa chekusimudza kana kuputsa masvingo e hydraulic units, mabhiriji maviri emabhiriji anoshandiswa, rimwe nerimwe rine simba rekusimudza rematani 320. Muchidimbu makemikari anoshandisa majini-generator uye pump-turbines, izvo zvakagadzirwa paLeningrad Metal Works.

Zvikamu zvechiteshi

Shanduro yakasununguka inoshandisa kubatanidza chiremba pachayo nehurumende. Zvisere zvitanhatu zvechimwe chinhu zvakabatanidzwa muzvikamu zviviri, zvakabatanidzwa kumabhasi e switchgear, ane chimiro che quadrilateral. Izvi zvinoitwa kuti zvigadzirise zvigadzirwa, asi panguva imwechete inoderedza kuvimbika kweiyo unit. The switchgear inosangana nehurongwa hwemagetsi kuburikidza nemakiromita maviri eV transmission (Turbino substation neKostromskaya GRES).

Kuvakwa kwechikamu chechipiri

Kuvakwa kweimwe nzvimbo yepamusoro (Zagorskaya GAES-2) inoitika mazana emamita mamita kumaodzanyemba kwekutanga. Chikamu chechipiri chakafanana neichokutanga uye munguva yemberi chichava nemavhareji gore negore rekugadzirwa kwemagetsi muhuwandu hwemadhora mabhiriyoni kWh. Izvo zvigadziri zvinogadzirirwa pa 840 MW.

Kukosha kweruwa

Zagorskaya PSHPP, uyo ane chithunzi chinoratidzwa pasi apa, anokwanisa kuita mabasa anokosha kupfuura ose, pakati pekufanirwa kuonekwa:

• Kukwanisa kuisa zvinetso zvakasiyana-siyana muhurongwa hwemagetsi, kuderedza zvinoitika. Pamusana pekufambisa kwepamusoro kwechiteshi (zvikamu zvayo zvinogona kushandura simba ravo nekukurumidza), zvinogona kudzima grid power. Zvimwe chete, GAES inoshandiswa kugadziriswa, iyo inogona kuiswa kushanda nokukurumidza sezvazvinogona. Nokuda kwechikonzero ichi, ma hydrounits of station anogona kutumirwa kusvika katatu pazuva kana mazana emamwe pamwedzi.
• Majekiseni emakirini aya anoshandiswawo sevashandi vanokodzera, avo vane basa rekudzikisa simba reakashanda, rinokwanisa kuwedzera simba pamusoro pehuwandu hunokosha.

Migumisiro pane zvakatipoteredza

Kana tikataura pamusoro penzvimbo chaiyo yechiteshi, ipapo iyi ndiyo nzvimbo yeMoscow, pos. Bogorodskoye. Zagorskaya PSPP Hazvipi zvingakanganisa zvakatipoteredza zvakadai semasikirini emagetsi emagetsi. Izvi zvinotsanangurwa nehukuru hwemazana edzimba iripo. Sezvo basa rehutongi hwemagetsi ehurumende rinowanikwa nekukwanisika kwakakosha uye kwakakura mumvura muzvigadziriswa zvekuvaka, hazvigone kushandiswa senzvimbo yekuvaraidza kana kushandiswa kwezvinangwa zvemari. Zvinotaridzirwa sezvivako zvakagadzirwa nevanhu, kunyange zvazvo mumatongo chaiwo nzvimbo inofarira vanhu vemo, iyo inowanzoshambira nehove mairi. Zvinonyanya kukosha kuti basa remasimiti ribvumirwe kugadzirisa kushandiswa kwemaPPP makuru munyika yeMoscow, iyo yakaguma yakaderedza kusvibiswa kwezvinhu zvakasiyana-siyana zvinoshatisa nezvinhu mumamiriro ezvinhu.

Kuita masimba uye kukwanisa kuwedzerwa

Zagorskaya PSPP-2 Sezvo ichocho chakanyoreswa zviri pamutemo musi waApril 26, 2006. Sezvo mugadziri mukuru, sangano rekutsvakurudza "Hydroproject" rakatsanangurwa. Muchirimo cha2007, gomba reheyo rekutsvaga chivako chakatanga. Nyamavhuvhu 10, 2007 yakarongedza dombo rekutanga pachivako chesimba idzva. Mumakore ekupedzisira egore rimwe chete, zvibvumirano zvakasayirwa, zvichienderana nekutengeswa kwehupfumi hwemhepo inotungidzirwa inofanira kuitwa. Basa rekona rakatanga musi waJuly 18, 2008. Muna 2010, kukurumidza kwekuvaka mabasa kwakakura zvikuru. Mugore rimwe chete, mhepo dzakasimba zvikuru dzemapampu emagetsi dzakapiwa kunzvimbo.

Muna 2011 nzvimbo yacho yakange yakagadzirirwa hafu. Iko kuiswa kwekutanga dheni remvura kwakapedzwa uye basa rinotanga pamutsara wechipiri. MunaDisemba 2012, yekutanga majekiseni emagetsi ePSPP-2 akaedzwa.

Chiitiko chakanyanya

MunaSeptember 2013, pakanga pane mafashamo eimba yejini uye nzvimbo pedyo nePSPP-2. Panguva iyoyo, vashandi gumi nemashanu vakakwanisa kusiya nzvimbo yengozi nenzira yakarongeka. Basa rakasarudzwa rakagadzirirwa kuti riongorore chiitiko chacho zvakadzama, rakaona kuti mafashamo akange akonzerwa nekuputsa kwehutenderedzwa hwemadziro uye maruva emvura isina kupera. Kuenderera mberi kwakaedzwa kwakaratidza kuti pane kudengenyeka kukuru kwevhu kune rumwe rutivi rwechivakwa. Ichi chiitiko chakakonzera kuti kutumirwa kwePSP-2 kwakasarudzwa kusvika muna 2018.

Uye pakupedzisa. Vakawanda vari kufarira mubvunzo wekutsvaga kuZagorskaya PSPP. Mhinduro yacho iri nyore - iyi inzwi rakanaka rinogadzira mitsara yemagetsi iripo.