The inokosha mitemo mutauro Latin. The kuderera Latin

Latin - iri anobva mutauro (kureva, ine zvakawanda affixes), raiva rokuItari boka. Mupepa yepachena hurongwa mashoko pakuvaka mitsetse. Nouns vari kutsauka pane nhamba uye nyaya sezvo zvisazitasingwi uye adjectives (kusanganisira PARTICIPLE) siyana pauwandu, nyaya uye munhui; verbs vari kutsauka nevanhu musi, nguva, rubatso uye mafungiro. Saka, kuderera Latin - a muboka unowanzoshandiswa. Kutukana inflections (harinzwi uye suffixes) Latin ndechimwe chezvinhu siyana pakati mitauro Indo-European. Latin kunoonekwa sechinhu chaiwo mune zvemutauro.

A Brief History of mutauro Latin

Latin pakutanga unotaurwa Latium, Italy. Kuburikidza nesimba Roman Republic Latin yava nesimba, kutanga Italy uye ipapo hweRoma. Anonyadzisira Latin akanga patsva muna Romance mitauro yakadai vokuItaly, Portuguese, Spanish, French uye Romanian. Latin, Italian uye French akauya zvakawanda mazwi ari Chirungu. Latin uye rekare rechiGiriki nemidzi uye okuti zvinoshandiswa zvouMwari, biology uye mishonga. Pakazopera weRoma Republic (75 BC. E.) mutauro Drevnelatinsky ikava chaiwo. Anonyadzisira Latin zvakarehwa chimiro. Zvinonzi mekuwana mu mashoko uye mabasa playwrights yeRoma dzakadai Plautus uye Terence.

arufabheti Late Latin yakatanga uye otaurwa rechitatu remakore AD. Medieval Latin yaishandiswa kubva IX remakore kusvikira Renaissance. Uyezve, sezvo veMubatanidzwa Latin ano, akatanga ichishanduka. Latin Mutauro dzakawanda pakukurukurirana, sainzi nedzidzo. mutauro echiLatin nesayenzi kusvika XVIII remakore, kwakatanga bvikinyidza mimwe mitauro yokuEurope. Ecclesiastical Latin anoramba Mutauro Mutsvene See uye yose Latin tsika yeRoma.

Vasisanetswi Latin mune mimwe mitauro

mutauro rechiLatin ayo akataurwa chimiro, panodamwa nyadzisa Latin (mupfungwa - "vanhu"), akava mutauro-praosnovoy zvimwe mitauro National yokuEurope, zvakabatana mumwe mutauro bazi inonzi Romanesque. At Nezvekwakabva izvi mitauro sungano pakati pavo panguva iyoyo, pane zvinokosha kusiyana, inoumbwa sezvo Latin kumhuka kuti akakunda nyika dzinoverengeka emakore. Latin sezvo mutauro-praosnova zvikuru kuchinja pasi pokudzora mitauro yemo wezvizvarwa uye tumitauro.

tsananguro pfupi Latin girama

Latin - iri chakaita zvokugadzirwa, anobva mutauro tichitarisa mutauro kupatsanura. Kuti ndiwo mutauro, izvo hunodzorwa risinganyatsozivikanwi kuti rakabva papi vachishandisa inflections. Inflections ndiwo marudzi kuchinja midzi mashoko kana harinzwi. Mashoko Latin zvinosanganisira lexical kupindirana kwemuvanzrira wezvirevo nemabviro maatomu akafanana uye magumo pamwe rairatidza zvivakamutauro kushandiswa shoko. Kwemapazi mudzi, iro rinoreva shoko uye kuguma pave zviduku zvemamiriro dzaita: somuenzaniso, you, "Ndinokudai", wakaita kubva kupindirana kwemuvanzrira wezvirevo nemabviro maatomu akafanana, am- "rudo", uye kuguma -ō, zvichiratidza kuti yava rechiito vomuzana munhu yakazonaka uye ari suffix.

Declination kuti emazita muchiLatin

Avhareji Latin pazita ndezvaiye mumwe mapoka mashanu makuru declinations, kureva muchiva chimiro harinzwi. Declination Latin pazita iri pakutsvaga genitive nyaya yakazonaka. Izvozvo zvakakodzera kuziva genitive pazita. Uyewo, mumwe nyaya ine inoguma. declension emazita Latin inosanganisira zvinotevera.

• Chokutanga ndivo rechikadzi emazita, uyewo varume, anokudana makabatikana kana kwavanobva. 1 declination Latin vakatsunga genitive yakazonaka nemagumo -ae. Somuenzaniso: persa - Persian; agricŏla - murimi. Zvikurukuru, wokutanga kwokushanda ndiyo nyaya nowakachenjera -a.
• 2 kuderera muchiLatin kunyanya rinopera tsamba - pamusoro. Akatsunga genitive yakazonaka nemagumo -i. declension Second vari rume emazita ari -us, -er Paavhareji -um uye boka duku zvechikadzi zviratidzo vachipedzisira -us.
• 3 kuderera muchiLatin - runako siyana boka emazita. Vanogona kukamurwa kuva huru mhando nhatu.
  1. Nzvanyira.
  2. Nzvanyira.
  3. Hwakakanyiwa. Vadzidzi vanofanira kunyatsoongorora kudzidza mumapoka matatu okutanga.
• The declension wechina, kunyanya rinopera tsamba and pashoko siyana ari pazita. Kutsunga genitive yakazonaka nemagumo -ūs.
• The Kuderera wechishanu muchiLatin kunyanya rinopera tsamba -e muzviitiko. Kutsunga genitive yakazonaka nemagumo -ei. Ichi boka duku emazita.

Saka, kuderera Latin rakanyatsojeka siyana, nekuti, sezvataurwa pamusoro apa, kuratidzwa Latin mutauro anobva. Declination pamusoro adjectives mumutauro wechiLatin haana kumbosiyana kubva emazita. Kutaura zvazviri, munzira dzakawanda zviri zvakafanana mutauro Russian, apo vari zvakare chete declination. The kupfuura dzakawanda boka mashoko muchiLatin - ari pazita declension 1. Latin zvinosanganisira dzinoverengeka mashoko zvisina kutsauka.

Latin pazita affixes

Classical Latin ane nyaya nomwe pazita. Declination kuti adjectives muchiLatin rinobatana kuparara emazita. Funga zvose nyaya nomwe:

• The nominative nyaya rinoshandiswa kana pazita ndiyo nyaya kana Predicate. Somuenzaniso, shoko rakkaus - rudo, puella - musikana. Ndizvo kwokutanga chimiro pazita.
• Genitive pazita akataura yomumwe nomumwe pasi.
• Dative rinoshandiswa kana pazita ari kunanga mukwanisi vaitaura chaizvo verbs, vamwe tuzvikonzero.
• Accusative nyaya rinoshandiswa kana pazita ndiye rokududza yacho uye chokumupomera kuratidza nzvimbo kuenda.
• Ablative akashandisa kana pazita chinoratidza kuparadzana kana kwebasa panobva, rinoita chombo, kana kana kushandiswa senzira pazita chinhu zvimwe Zvireva mwene.
• Vocative nyaya rinoshandiswa kana pazita anoratidza nezve nyaya. Vocative rinobatana pamwe pazita fomu nominative, asi yechipiri declination pazita vachipedzisira -us.
• LOCATIVE nyaya rinoshandiswa kutaridzwa nzvimbo (anoenderana Russian rokuti kana pamusoro). Shandisa nyaya iyi chete muchirevo chechinyorwa chino.

End (Latin) The Achinyengetedzazve takawongorora zvishoma pamusoro. Semuenzaniso nokuti 1 declinations, vari sezvinotevera: -a, -ae, -ae, -am, -a, -a.

Declination kuti emazita muchiLatin kunoratidzwa munyaya harinzwi.

Latin rechiito conjugations chikamu

Munhuwo rechiito muchiLatin, rinoreva mumwe mukuru conjugations mana. Conjugation - boka verbs muchiva harinzwi. Conjugation chinorondedzerwa netsamba mudzi rechiito wekupedzisira musi. Mudzi aripo nguva inogona kuwanikwa uchisiya kuitika chokuti kuzviuraya -re (-ri L otlozhitelnyh nokuda verbs). First conjugation kuitika chokuti kunoguma mu (active uye pusa inzwi) --ā-ré kana --ā-ri, somuenzaniso: amāre - "rudo", hortārī - "rayira" conjugations rechipiri - iri -CA-ré kana -e-ri : monēre - "anonyevera", verērī, - "kutyisidzira" ari conjugation wechitatu - kuti -ere, -i: dūcere - "kutungamirira", UTi - "kushandiswa"; mune rechina -i-apiwa, -i-ri: audīre - "kunzwa", experīrī - "edza." Saka, shoko rechiito Latin conjugated ne munhu, zvichienderana nhengo conjugation.

Times Latin rechiito

In Latin mune 6 dzakananga ezvirevanguva (tempus), ndiro chete ubatanidzwewo anowanika mumutauro weRussia. Ndivo zvinotevera-kwemarudzi tya siyana:

• Parizvino.
• Past kukwana nerongo.
• Kare akakwana chezvirikuitika.
• Pluperfect (pluperfect) nguva.
• The ramangwana akakwana nerongo.
• Future kukwana nerongo.

Pose ane yayo payakavakirwa uye kodzero dzidzo. Latin rechiito rine Mapato Kwemanzwiro uye anondibatsira.

Latin Mutauro

Sezvo Latin ndiwo mutauro Italic, yakawanda yayo Mutauro ndiyewo Italic, kureva protoindoevroeyskogo yekare mavambo. Zvisinei, nokuda pedyo tsika kusakarongeka pakati vaRoma kwete chete akachinja kuti Etruscan arufabheti kuna Latin, asiwo akakwereta mamwe mashoko Etruscan. Latin zvakare rinosanganisira mashoko akakweretwa kubva oskov, mumwe yekare Italic vanhu. Chokwadi, chikuru che zvikwereti - kubva Greek.

mitauro Latin

Romance mitauro - boka mitauro enzvimbo kuna Italic subgroup pamusoro Indo-European, uye tateguru - Latin. zita ravo - dzorudo - izwi rinobva muchiLatin Romanus (Roman).

Branch wemitauro kuti vanodzidza Romance mitauro, dzakavapo, budiriro, typology, rinonzi Romance philology. Pemarudzi vanotaura navo vari haichazonzi romanoyazychnymi. Saka, munhu akafa mutauro ichiriko mazviri. Uwandu vakurukuri vane Romance mitauro panguva - vanenge mamiriyoni 800 pasi pose. Rakajairika iri boka iri Spanish, ipapo akateverwa Portuguese uye French. In zvachose mune zvinopfuura 50 Romance mitauro.