Chii Internet dzakati: dzinokosha pfungwa

Nhasi, anenge zvose vanoshandisa kuti pose kuwana World Wide Web kana kuumba dzose Lan kubatana uchishandisa anonzi Internet protocols. Muchiitiko chimwe nechimwe, mamiriro avo kushandiswa uye configuration dzingasiyana zvikuru yekudyidzana. Ngatiedzei kuona zvinhu zvatinofunga.

Chii Internet Protocol: pfungwa uye nhoroondo yokusika

Zvinofungidzirwa kuti baba ose Internet iri kamwe muUnited States APRANET samambure pane imwe nguva kuteerera kunyange muchiuto. Chaizvoizvo Its une pakushandisa packet Data kuchinjirwa, i.e. nedzimwe zvikamu zvinogona kududzirwa uye vakaridza shure mumwe chirwere.

Nemamwe mashoko, Indaneti dzakati uye panguva iyoyo, uye ikozvino kunosanganisira zvimwe akaisawo date Kutarisira mitemo pakati kombiyuta zviteshi, servers, pafoni mano, etc. Zviri kuburikidza yakadaro rakabatana marongero uye zvakakwanisika kubatanidza mano kupota nyika mumwe kuburikidza panorongwa kana mawa kuwana chete upfumi.

Ndezvipi protocols Indaneti?

Somuenzaniso, imwe tsanangudzo chii Internet Protocol, funga vakawanda makombiyuta achimhanya Windows (Mac Os X nevamwe Unix-zvakadai gadziriro akadai Linux, hatisi ichizobatanidza).

To musi, pane zvakawanda zvinokosha marudzi ari TCP / IP, UDP, ftp, ICMP, DNS, HTTP , etc. Unogona kuramba kwenguva refu. Ndezvipi zvakasiyana-siyana?

Musiyano riri chete chipfuro mumatunhu. Somuenzaniso, pane zvenyama siyana (kusika kwokubatana vachishandisa yakakoswa peya kana faibha), ARP-mupenyu, kusanganisira vatyairi mudziyo, nomumbure rukoko (mureza IP uye ICMP dzakati), kuti nezvifambiso rukoko (TCP uye UDP), uye ari zvakare zvikashandiswa, izvo zvinosanganisira akadai HTTP dzakati, ftp, DNS, NFS, etc.

Pano, nenzira, zvinofanira kucherechedzwa kuti zvachose protocols zvose (kunyange avo vari pasi Internet bvunzo) kwezvipimo ne ISO / OSI ezvinhu, saka kuti kana vari kushandiswa pamusoro platforms siyana haana kukundikana kunyange nyaya zvakasiyana anodawo gadziriro uye multi-mutengesi, inoshandiswa kusimbisa kubatana. Hazvina kuoma kunzwisisa kuti panguva zvachose hazvina basa izvo Operating System zviri yakaiswa pakombiyuta kana tablet kana networking zvinoumba sezvo routers, nomumbure makadhi, modems, etc. nechinangwa kumisa akwirwe.

Internet Protocol IP (TCP / IP)

Nhasi, vakawanda ndiyo dzakati anonzi TCP / IP. Kutaura zvazviri, ino ine kumboenda configuration (IP) uye superstructure (TCP), izvo hakusi kutanga havagoni kushanda nokuti harina chero mashoko omumasherufu vakatuma.

Sami TCP-pacts vanotumirwa sechikumbiro chete pahwaro IP. Naizvozvo, zvakava zvakakodzera kuwedzera inokosha matatu dzakati parameters kuti aizogovera chekuchengeta zvekudya zvitsigiro zvaitambidzwa hurumende ruzivo package pachavo. Zvakakosha kutakura zvikamu checksum basa nechimwe byte ari mashoko kutevedzana nhamba yokuziva kukoshesa uye tungamidzana kutuma kugamuchira, zviri identifier kunzi zvokuimba asimbise mashoko kutumira nokugamuchira, uyewo apiwa kutumira chikumbiro, kana, mashoko akanga kana kwete kutuma, kana kwete vakagamuchirwa.

Pano zvakafanira kuti ateerere kune chokwadi kuti muunganidzwa protocols akadaro chete dzakati IP anotsanangura. Asi kutanga, ari kubatana setup danho, ipapo munhu zvinoparadzira muoti, uye pakupedzisira kuti vagadze akwirwe yokumbozorora pashure Data yedzimudzangara uye kugamuchirwa kwapera.

configuring uye achiedza zvinoreva

Kugadzira Internet Protocol muna Windows ino haisi kushanda. Unofanira kushandisa chete nemambure Kurongwa (kana AC adapteri), uko runoenzanirana mutsara Muterere anosarudzwa. Kare, zvakanga zviri nyore, sezvo Windows 7 uye, mune pazviruva, pane mhando mbiri: IPv4 uye IPv6 (pasingaverengwi imwe unhu default).

The default marongero anoitwa zvakananga IPv4 (sezvo asati). Asi mutsva IPv6 Internet dzakati ichiri uye anoramba hazvina kutorwa nehama dzazvo.

Chaizvoizvo, cheki anogona kuitwa kunyange kuburikidza kuwana Network chinzvimbo achishandisa hurongwa tireyi. Icon mu emadziro dzose notifies inodzidzisa pamusoro Kuwanikwa kubatana kusvika Lan uye Indaneti. Hapana kwakaoma.

Chii kuti vanosarudza?

Panyaya zvinodiwa kushandisa dzakati vanofanira kuvaka kuti vamwe zvinangwa Mwari akaronga. Somuenzaniso, mhando ftp protocols vanosungirwa, asi, kukopa mashoko nokuda chaiwo nzvimbo kana kudhanilodha mafaira kubva zvinhu anotsigira date hutachiwana hurongwa. Pakuongorora Internet iyi, kunogona kuitwa nokushandisa zvirongwa kuti kudzora zvikumbiro (vachizvitakudza uye vachidzikisa), akatumira chaiyo ftp-Server.

UDP dzakati mhando haisi nguva dzose kushandiswa. Kakawanda, mezviruva izvi zvinoshandiswa Mobile michina. Asi, sezvo zviri pachena, tava vakadaro gadziriro zvisina kukanganiswa, nokuti aingova pamusoro mira kombiyuta zviteshi uye OSes Windows, yakaiswa pamusoro pavo.

Zvisinei, mubvunzo wokuti dzakati Kurongwa, kunyange dzakasiyana anodawo gadziriro chezvematongerwe kufanana nomumwe. Miscellaneous kushandiswa chete zvinoriumba, uye ipapo nezita rayo chete, asi installation uye zvakare kushandisa nheyo richangobva akasimbisa kubatana pahwaro pakati dzakati zvimwe mhando ndiyo rinenge chete.

Uyezve, Windows, pakutanga kumboronga kushandisa zvinoti TCP / IP somunhu zvakasikwa Protocol. Zvose zviri kana kwaita kugadziridzwa kana dzisina zvachose. Uye kuti hatina asi nezvenzvimbo WAP-dzakati, akakodzera pafoni kukurukurirana mitemo, zvakawanda chete makombiyuta.