Baikal fauna of. Lake Baikal, Russia

Baikal pamwe nemakapoteredza inzvimbo yakanaka chaizvo, zvinoshamisa nharaunda uye zvinoshamisa izvo zvinogona kuudza yakareba chaizvo nguva. Iyi ndiyo nyika ine yakanaka chaiye: tarenda nharaunda, noshamisa Headlands, zvinoshamisa mawere nevamwe runako akamisidzana pamatanho ose.

The Fauna of Lake Baikal nyika zvikuru siyana, nokuti hunhu pano akasara anenge chawaitwa, uye runodiwa anogara chinyakare nzira. Nokuda kwaizvozvo, nzvimbo iyi chinokwezva eco vashanyi pagore kubva pasi pose.

The Fauna of Lake Baikal World

Zviri musha akawandisa mhuka, zvimwe iyo inogona kuwanikwa chete munzvimbo ino. Somuenzaniso, chisimbiso - a akanaka shoma mhuka, iyo yakava vagara chiratidzo kwegungwa. Kana hove-golomyanka - yakajeka! In Lake Baikal fauna of chinomiririrwa mijenya akasiyana hove, chisimbiso nezvakadaro. On pamhenderekedzo squirrels, sables, nondo, dzomusango, makava, izvo zvakafanana chaizvo vashanyi. Mapere, mabheya uye yokuSpain wakachengetwa kubva nzvimbo mudungwe munzira. Masikati nousiku shiri nziyo pano. Uye kana isu nezvazvo hove, ari Sturgeon, grayling, whitefish uye cisco anowanzoramba vagari mvura yemo.

Baikal chisimbiso

Pano, chete mumiririri mhuka - a Baikal chisimbiso (kana chisimbiso). Uye kana tikafunga zvinetso Baikal, zvinokwanisika kuona zvinodiwa mhuka iri vava kuda kutsakatika.

Pane zvakawanda hypotheses sei chisimbiso ndokumuka pano. Pane shanduro kuti hwapinda pano kubva Arctic Ocean munguva glacial nguva pamusoro penzizi dziva neaizi.

mhuka iyi zvinoshamisa anenge zvose ake upenyu mumvura, dzichiuya maminitsi 20 ose chikamu mhepo yakachena. In yechando, anofema kuburikidza rinokosha pokubuda napo - zviduku mumakomba mhepo, iyo pave, Raking aizi pasi nenzara forepaws. Chisimbiso chando mumapako, kuronga navo hummocky zvikamu gungwa pasi chando. Around inogara pane zvakasiyana ebetsero makomba mhepo pamusoro 10. Vanogona kudzivirira kubva pasi kuti makumi mamita. Zvinonzi vakaratidza kuti kukwanisa kuita makomba mhepo chinhu dzinongoitika hwokuzvarwa nahwo.

Zvokudya chikuru zvisimbiso ndiyo golomyanka-goby hove. Zuva Anodya 3-5 makirogiramu hove yakachena. Adult zvisimbiso nokuti gore anodya imwe tani hove.

Around 4 Makore hadzi anova zvepabonde vakasimba. Makore 1-2 papera, vanosvika pabonde pakunamata uye vanhukadzi. We namira pamuviri runogara 11 months. Kusvikira zera mana zviri kubereka mwana.

Muna February uye April vazvarwa puppies. Vanoonekwa vari chando the, pamusoro chando, akadyisa mukaka. Kumboda kunama unobereka 1st, dzimwe nguva vaviri vacheche yairema kusvika 4 makirogiramu. Young vane chena mbava kuti zvikwanise kuramba chando anenge imperceptible.

Chisimbiso Middle anoyera makirogiramu 50, kufadza - makirogiramu 150. Animal swimming havukavu - 20 makiromita paawa.

Most golomyanka

Baikal anorarama 2 siyana golomyankas - zviduku. kwemarudzi maviri aya pana zvikuru pakadzika. Vanochengeta zuva ari kudzika 500 m, achifumira kusvika 50 mamita usiku. Nokuti mvura Lake Baikal zvikuru yakachena, unogona kuona izvi akanaka hove vaaleanpunainen, shimmering noruvara ose masendimita anenge 20 ukuru muraraungu. In golomyanka translucent muviri nokuda hombe mafuta kugutsikana (anenge 45%).

Chinhu hove viviparous. Panguva iyoyowo kuzvarwa mazana kukuru nomumwe kumbowanikwa kuwa panguva yakaderera muna June. In vakawanda mazana golomyanka vanenge 4000, duku - 2500.

Hove zvinoenderana 5 years. In zvokudya ukaparadza hove duku uye crustaceans.

Baikal omul

Cisco - mukuru hove zvebhizimisi. Kwakachena mvura they kunoita kurarama mana marudzi ake cisco: Chivyrkui, Selenga, North, rekupinda.

Mumatsutso, munguva ikrometa, marudzi ose akatuma yavo rwizi. Hodhi kuti kuita kuti pave murwizi rinotanga kunangiswa tembiricha mvura muna August uye September. Muna October zviri kukonzera kuchiitika pane imwe mvura tembiricha kwete kupfuura 5 ° C. Egg kukura kunotora 8 mwedzi uye duku mazana pamusoro murwere inoguma panoperera May. The duku whitefish, anorova estuarine nzvimbo yepazasi kunosvika dzenzizi, nomungoro dzinamatenga, ari bays vari kunonoka ne 1.5 mwedzi, sapamazuva May uye June, nzvimbo idzi dzinoratidzwa kubudikidza yakanakisisa Kudziya mvura.

Juveniles ari kudziya kudzika mapazi ose kuzviita anodya duku chironomid mazana, plankton uye zvichingodaro. The mazana kuva furaya, uye achangopera mumhenderekedzo yegungwa mvura munzvimbo kwegungwa ushamwari sezvo 11˚S uye zvakawanda omulevaya juveniles zvishoma nezvishoma akaparadza musi Lake Baikal, kuti miti nemhuka zvakazonaka iri saka akapfuma uye siyana.

Adult cisco anova gore 5th hwake.

Kukura hove dzemarudzi akasiyana-siyana. The pakukura ndiye Selenga nhangemutange. Muzhizha hove avhareji muviri uremu yakasvika 404 d aine muviri kureba 35 masendimita. Zviduku kukura North-Baikalian zvakasiyana rudzi, ane avhareji uremu rinosvika muzhizha anobata 255 magiramu.

The kunonyanyisa kurema hove - 5 kg.

Baikal Sturgeon

akapfuma chaizvo Fauna of Lake Baikal. Muchidimbu nezvazvo, inofanira kukuudza pamusoro Baikal Sturgeon. Aigara anogara pano uye kunobatanidzwa ainyanya nzizi panguva maberekero kuti kunoitika muna C. Angara, Barguzin uye Selenga. Kunyange zvazvo nzizi anogona kurarama nguva dzose, kunyanya 3 years okutanga. Juveniles mberi kunyura mugungwa. Mukati zvakajairika Sturgeon munzvimbo huru. Kudzika mapazi akadzidza 200 m. Between hove zviri kukonzera migrates nzizi kusvika 100 km kubva pamuromo.

Baikal Sturgeon rinokura nekaupenyu refu. Vanhurume tisvike kurara pakunamata nemakore 15, apo vakadzi makore 20 chete okuberekwa.

Noumwe nguva hove ane uremu yakasvika 200 makirogiramu; panguva vari mumiriri chisingawanzowaniki youremu kusvika makirogiramu 90. In vakadzi, avhareji muviri kurema 22.5 makirogiramu ane kureba 160 masendimita, vanhurume vanenge 13.5 makirogiramu ane kureba vanenge 130. masendimita. Average kuorera hove - mazai 420,000.

The Zvinoumba hove zvokudya zvakasiyana-siyana, izvo zviri kukonzerwa imwe pfuma Lake Baikal. The fauna of chinokwezva Sturgeon - iri makonye, mollusks, mazana ose stoneflies, chironomids, amphipods, sculpin, nguva nenguva yokupara kabhu hove uye knot.

Black Baikal grayling

Endemic mhando Siberian grayling. Fish kupararira akapoteredza Lake Baikal (Russia), kunyanya pedo mumiromo nzizi, umo Anowanza. Iye anogara mumvura isina kudzika (kusvika 15 m) pedyo nemhenderekedzo, apo pane matombo nevhu.

In inodziya nguva kunoita vaitamira kune mikuru mutero kweLake Baikal. Panguva ino vanhurume kuva mottled, inopenya hembe. Nhema grayling zviri kukonzera kunoitika May. Pashure paizvozvo, hove harikunguruswi mugungwa, uye nehove furaya uye mazana grayling kuzopedza ikoko kwenguva yakareba. By Mumatsutso vachafarawo vagokungurusa mugungwa mubhedha uye nenzizi huru.

Nhema grayling pakuyaruka rinouya kwemakore mana.

Food: mazana ose caddisflies, chironomids, gammarids, mayflies nezvipembenene.

Average kwemavara - 250 mm ari muviri kurema 300 magiramu. Black grayling kunonyanyisa urefu 530 mm ane uremu 1,2 makirogiramu.

White Baikal grayling

Endemic mhando grayling kubva dema rine mavara zvikuru inopenya uye zvimwe zvinhu zvipenyu zviri.

Anorarama mhiri kwegungwa, panguva imwecheteyo ruchigona dzezvimwe mumiromo rechibharo huru, kunyanya okumusoro-kumabvazuva uye nechokumabvazuva kwegungwa.

White tsvaka mamwe dema. Its kunonyanyisa kurema anenge 2 makirogiramu kana kupfuura vane muviri kureba 600 mm. Avhareji hukuru rehove riri 300 mm uye anoyera 500 magiramu

A kuyaruka hove anouya makore manomwe. Avhareji kuorera chena mhando muna 5 nguva yakawanda vatema.

The zviri kukonzera rinowanikwa muna May, apo tembiricha mvura 14˚S. Panguva iyi mazai vari vakaisa pamusoro jecha yegungwa kudzika ari kudzika vanenge 50 cm. The regression furaya uye hove kwakafanana kuti nhema grayling.

Food mupfumi Fauna of Lake Baikal: yacho mazana ose stoneflies, caddisflies, chironomids, mayflies, dragonflies.

Elk Elk

Elk - kupfuura mhuka Baikal nharaunda. Its avhareji uremu 400 makirogiramu, nokuyera munhu vanhurume uye 0.5 m. The muviri Kureba kusvika 3 metres kureba pa hunooma vanenge 2.3 m. Iyi, vanhurume kubva nenhunzvi makuru maduku, uye kuti vazvitorere spatulate pagore tevererana nyanga. The simba kupfuura nyanga kuoneka mune varume makore 15. Muna January nyanga idonhe, kukura hunotanga muna March.

Hong zvinoitika pamugumo September. Muna May, ivo Fauna of Baikal kunowedzerwa ne - nhunzvi vanoberekwa mhuru.

Stony akaramba mumapoka 4-6 mhuka kana singly.

Munguva yechando Vakaguta muzhizha iri nemakwati uye nhungirwa miti - zvakasiyana siyana wemiriwo.

musk-nondo

Musk - duku nondo, anogara pamhenderekedzo Lake Baikal. The fauna of nzvimbo idzi siyana chaizvo. Musk sezvo vazhinji kufarira. The muviri kureba 1 mita pa huremu vanenge 17 makirogiramu. Makumbo hadzi vari yakareba kupfuura mberi. No nyanga, kunyange vanhurume vane curved, refu fangs.

Iye anogara musango, zvokudya pamusoro pano uye arboreal lichens.

Gon kunoitika November, nhumbu rinovapo anenge 190 mazuva. Akazvarwa rimwe, dzimwe nguva wayo maviri.

Kuzviona zvinetso Baikal, inofanira kuonawo kukurumidza kunyangarika mhando. Izvi kunyanya nokuti kuti yezviri kunovhima chiri kuitwa pamusoro pake. Izvi nokuda musk shwanu yaiva mukono ari mudumbu rake. Musk - a gelatinous, gobvu zvinhu ane simba kwazvo hwezvinonhuhwira, iro rinoshandiswa perfumery uye mushonga.