Mapurotesitenzi - ndiani zvakadai? NevaPurotesitendi. Mapurotesitenzi muRussia

Nhasi pane kudzokera pakunamata. Vanhu vakawanda vanofunga pamusoro chisingaoneki chisingafi hwedu. Munyaya ino tichataura pamusoro kuti nevaPurotesitendi. Uyu yoga pokutungamirira chiKristu, kana kapoka, sezvo vamwe vanotenda.

Uyewo bata nyaya dzakasiyana dzenzvimbo mukati Protestantism. Zvichava mashoko dzinonakidza pamusoro nzvimbo vatsigiri rwokufamba iyi Russia ano.
Verenga uye uchadzidza mhinduro iyi nemimwe mibvunzo yakawanda.

Ndivanaani Mapurotesitenzi

Muzana nemitanhatu remakore, Western Europe maiva kuparadzana hombe chikamu vakatendeka yeRoma Katurike. Ichi chakaitika historiography anonzi "yekuvandudzwa." Saka, Mapurotesitenzi - zviri chikamu VaKristu vasingakurumidzi kubvumirana misimboti kunamata Catholic, uye dzimwe nyaya dzidziso.

Next, tichaita kusafanana Protestantism kubva kunzvimbo dzakadai Orthodoxy uye yeRoma. Panguva ino, tinorasikirwa zvishoma kupinda munhoroondo kufamba ichi zvakadzama.

Middle Ages muWestern Europe aiva nguva yakadaro, kana kambani ndokuwira zvachose kuvimba kwete chete pane zvenyika vatongi, asi kubva mukereke.

Zvinenge hapana mubvunzo haana kugadzirisa pasina kutora chikamu mupristi, kungava muchato kana matambudziko ezuva nezuva.

Weaving zvakawanda munzanga upenyu, Catholic madzibaba matsvene Makawana zvakapfumisa. Kupopota muumbozha uye kaviri mitemo kwaiitwa mamongi akanovavanda vanhu. Kukura kusagutsikana nokuti kuti vazhinji nyaya vaibata zvakarambidzwa kana kumanikidzwa vapristi kupindira.

Zviri ichi mamiriro ezvinhu uye vane mukana wokuva Martina Lyutera akanzwa. Izvi yezvechitendero yokuGermany uye mupristi. Sezvo nhengo Augustinian Order, nguva dzose akatarisa uori revafundisi Catholic. Rimwe zuva, akati, aiva epiphany pamusoro nzira chechiJudha Christian wechokwadi.

Zvakaguma "mapfumbamwe namashanu zvichemo," izvo Luther akaroverera pasuo kereke pana Wittenberg muna 1517, uyewo Varwisei kutengeswa kwekanganwiro dzezvivi.

Hwaro nheyo Protestantism «Sola Fide» (chete nokutenda). Anoti kuti hapana munyika haigoni kubatsira munhu kuti kuponeswa, asi iye. Saka, yakatsvairwa parutivi akatanga vapristi kutengeswa kwekanganwiro dzezvivi, kuda pfuma kana simba pamusoro chikamu vakuru vekereke.

Ngatirambei vanogara zvouMwari kusiyana zvitatu chiKristu.

Kusiyana pevaKaturike Orthodox

Orthodox, nevaPurotesitendi vane chitendero chete - Christianity. Zvisinei, muna nedanho nhoroondo uye munzanga kukura zvave rinotsemuka akawanda. Wokutanga waiva 1054, apo yeRoma akaparadzanisa Chechi yeOrthodox. Gare gare, muna nemitanhatu remakore, panguva Reformation, paiva kuparadzanisa zvakakwana - Protestantism.

Ngationei zvarinotaura sei zvakasiyana mumakereke aya. Uye nei vaimbova Mapurotesitenzi kazhinji dzikava Orthodoxy.

Saka, sezvo vaviri kosi zvikuru yekare, vaKaturike uye Orthodox funga izvozvo chechi yechokwadi. Mapurotesitenzi ane zvakasiyana-siyana maonero. Dzimwe nzvimbo kunyange kuramba kudiwa kuva chero sangano.

Pakati pavapristi Orthodox vanobvumirwa kuroora kamwe, mamongi rambidzwa kupinda muwanano. YeRoma tsika Latin, zvose kupa mhiko kusawana. Mapurotesitenzi vanobvumirwa kuroorwa, havamuzivi kusawana.

Uyewo mukupera hapana zvachose hapana nesangano monasticism, mukusiyana kumativi maviri okutanga.

VaKaturike vane simba kupfuura ndiye Papa, yeOrthodox - mabasa Fathers uye Rugwaro, nevaPurotesitendi - Bhaibheri chete.

Uyezve, Mapurotesitenzi havana kugadzirisa mubvunzo «filioque», inova repakona kusanzwisisana pevaKaturike Orthodox. Uyewo havana mupurigatori, uye neMhandara Maria kunoonekwa sechinhu muenzaniso womukadzi wakakwana.

Pakati sakaramende nomwe nevakawanda Mapurotesitenzi kugamuchira rubhabhatidzo chete uye nechirairo. No kureurura uye haisi panoonekwa kunamata kwemifananidzo.

Protestantism muRussia

Kunyange zvazvo Russian Federation uye nyika Orthodox, asi pane dzimwe parutendo rwakafanana. Zvikurukuru pane nevaPurotesitendi, vaJudha uye vaBhudha, vateveri siyana pakunamata tsika uye maonero dzouzivi.

Maererano nenhamba muRussia vanenge mamiriyoni matatu Mapurotesitenzi vanopinda anopfuura zviuru gumi parishes. Yenharaunda idzi pamutemo Muushumiri Weruramisiro idukusa hafu.

The guru kuitika muna Russian Pentecostal Protestantism vaiona. Ivo kudzorwa bazi ravo (chiNazi vaPentecostal) vakanga kubatanidzwa zvinopfuura hafu yemiriyoni vateveri.

Asi nokufamba kwenguva, vamwe vanoenda nokuti zvetsika Russian chitendero. Mapurotesitenzi pamusoro Orthodoxy kuudza shamwari, vafambidzani, uye dzimwe nguva havana kuverenga mabhuku anokosha. Kutonga nezvinooneka wongororo vaya "akadzokera mudanga" chechi mai, vanonzwa kurerukirwa, hatichamuzivi tisanyengerwa.

The dzenzvimbo yasara chakajairika Russian Federation, muri Wechinomwe-zuva Adventists, vaBaptist, minnonity, Lutheran, vaKristu chechi, maMethodist nevamwe vazhinji.

Next, tichataura zvakawanda pamusoro vakawanda siyana Protestantism muRussia. Uyewo kubata vamwe masangano, izvo kubudikidza tsanangudzo dziri kuda pakati yeboka uye nechechi yeRoma.

Calvin

Chinonyanya kodzera Mapurotesitenzi - Calvin nayo. mirayiridzo iyi yakaumbwa nepakati nemitanhatu remakore muSwitzerland. muparidzi wechiduku French uye mudzidzi webhaibheri, Zhan Kalvin, akasarudza kuramba uye tichiwedzera kuti kuchinja pfungwa Martina Lyutera.

Akazivisa kuti anofanira kubviswa machechi, kwete chete chii zvinopesana Scripture, asiwo zvinhu izvo kunyange muBhaibheri. Ndiko, maererano dzaCalvin mumba yekunyengetera kunofanira chete zvakanyorwa mubhuku dzvene.

Nokudaro, pane dzimwe kusiyana nedzidziso inoitwa nevaPurotesitendi Orthodox. Kereke yokutanga vanotenda chero kuunganidzwa vanhu muzita raIshe, vanoramba ruzhinji kwevatsvene, neMhandara Maria uye zviratidzo dzechiKristu.

Mukuwedzera, vanodavira kuti kutenda munhu anotora pachake uye vanozvidzora mutongo. Naizvozvo, rubhapatidzo rinowanikwa chete vakura.

Mapurotesitenzi Orthodox ndiyo pakatarisana rakazara ichangobva kutaurwa pfungwa. Mukuwedzera, ivo vanoomerera kudavira kuti Bhaibheri rinogona kutsanangura chete zvikuru yakarovedzwa munhu. Mapurotesitenzi vanodavira kuti munhu wose ari kuita zvakanakisisa nemano avo uye kukura pakunamata.

vaLutheran

Kutaura zvazviri, vaLutheran ndivo vateveri chido chechokwadi Martina Lyutera. Yakanga pashure zvesimba ravo muguta Homan rwokufamba vakatanga kudana "Mapurotesitenzi chechi."

Shoko rokuti "Lutheran" akazviratidza gumi nenhanhatu remakore munguva gakava pamusoro vechiKaturike nevapristi Luther. Saka ivo vari kunyomba netsika rainzi vateveri Reformation baba. VaLutheran pachavo vanonzi "maevhangeri."

Saka, chechi yeRoma nedzimwewo chechi Orthodox vanotsvaka ruponeso mweya, asi dzokubvisa nomumwe akasiyana. Kusabvumirana, pfungwa, kunobva chete pamusoro kududzirwa Rugwaro.

Ake "mapfumbamwe nemashanu zvichemo" Martin Luther rinoramba zvose vapristi Institute uye tsika dzakawanda dzinoitwa nevanhu vechechi yeRoma. Maererano naye, zvakagadzirwa izvi chokuita zvikuru zvinhu uye enyika mabhora muupenyu, pane zvokunamata. Saka kubva kwavari vanofanira kuraswa.

Uyezve, nemhaka Lutheranism kutenda kuti Jesu Kristu norufu rwake pamusoro Gorogota airegerera zvitadzo zvevanhu, kusanganisira chepakutanga. All munoda kuti upenyu hunofadza kutenda mashoko akanaka.

VaLutheran uyewo pfungwa kuti chero mupristi - zvakangofanana munhuwo zvake, asi zvikuru nyanzvi panyaya yokuparidza. Naizvozvo, nokuti chirairo vose vanhu vakashandisa ndezvevaya vakazvigadzirirwa naBaba.

VaLutheran nhasi kubatanidza vanhu vanopfuura mamiriyoni makumi masere namashanu. Asi kubatana, havana chipo. Kune zvakaparadzana kubatana uye sangano nhau uye nenzvimbo hwaro.

Mune Russian Federation, zvikuru nevanhu vari ezvinhu iyi vanhu "Kushumira Lutheran Hour".

vaBaptist

Kazhinji jokingly kuti maBhaptisti - a British nevaPurotesitendi. Asi mashoko aya kune zviyo chokwadi. Handiti, zvakanzi dzinounzwa nokuti pakati nevaPuritan UK.

Kutaura zvazviri, Rubhabhatidzo - ndiyo inotevera Danho okukura (sezvo vamwe vanodavira), kana chete nhungirwa dzaCalvin. Izwi pacharo rinobva mushoko rechiGiriki "rubhabhatidzo". Ndicho chikuru pfungwa kwakunoitwa wenyaya iyi muitiro.

MaBhaptisti tinotenda kuti chete wechokwadi munhu akadaro anogona kunzi mutendi uyo vakura akauya pfungwa kusiya zvivi uye akabvuma nomwoyo wose kutenda mumwoyo make.

With pfungwa dzakadaro dzinobvumirana Mapurotesitenzi mazhinji muRussia. Pasinei nokuti ruzhinji runobva kuna Pentekosti, yatiri kukurukura pazasi, vamwe maonero kwavari zvakafanana.

Muchidimbu kutaura zvinokosha muitiro upenyu chechi, vaBaptist, Mapurotesitenzi vane chivimbo mune hachimbokundikani simba mubhaibheri mumamiriro ose ezvinhu. Vanoomerera pfungwa upristi waifarirwa uye neungano, kureva, mumwe munharaunda kuzvionera uye rusununguko.

Presbyter hazvina simba chairo, zvinongokonzerwa anoverenga mharidzo uye nedzidziso. Mibvunzo All akatemwa pagungano rekereke misangano uye vemachechi. Kunamata zvinosanganisira kuparidza, vachiimba nziyo kuna kuenderana kuti nziyo uyewo minyengetero kugadzirwa.

Nhasi, ari vaBaptist Russian, sezvo Adventists, vanozviti vaKristu evangelical nemachechi avo - minyengetero dzimba.

Pentekosti

Kupfuura vakawanda Mapurotesitenzi muRussia - zviri mumaPentecosti. In nyika yedu iri pamusoro dzakabva Western Europe kuburikidza Finland mukuvamba ramakumi remakore.

First Pentecostal, kana, sezvo zvakanga iyoyo, "Oneness", akava Thomas Barratt. Akasvika muna 1911 kubva Norway kuna St. Petersburg. Pano muparidzi akazviti muteveri VaKristu Evangelical mumweya kuvaapositori, uye vakatanga kuyambuka vakundi zvose.

The hwaro hwokutenda uye tsika rubhabhatidzo yePentecostal Mutsvene. Vanoziva uye ayaruka nemvura. Asi zvakaitika kuti munhu zvakaitika panguva anoburukira Mweya pamusoro pake, vaiona ichi muPurotesitendi pamusoro kupfuura kwakarurama. Vanoti kuti hurumende, izvo panguva iyoyo vachiona kubhabhatidzwa, rakaenzana nezvekufadza kuvapositori, vakatora kudzidziswa Jesu Kristu pazuva ramakumi mashanu zuva mushure rumuko.

Ndicho chikonzero vakatumidza chechi yavo mukukudza pazuva anoburukira Mutsvene, kana Utatu (Pendekosti). Followers tenda saka kuti vakazvitsaurira anogamuchira mumwe zvipo zvaMwari. Anotora shoko rouchenjeri, kuporesa, zvishamiso, uprofita, kukwanisa kutaura mitauro kana kusiyanisa midzimu.

The Russian Federation yave nokure zvikuru shamwari echiPurotesitendi vanoonekwa nhatu Pentecostal kwezvakatipoteredza. Vanopinda Assembly waMwari.

VaMennonites

Mennonite - mumwe zvinofadza zvikuru mapazi Protestantism. VaKristu ava Protestant kuziviswa pacifism sezvo chikamu dzidziso.
Paiva sangano iri thirties ari navatanhatu remakore muNetherlands.

It vaiona muvambi Menno Simons. Pakutanga, akabva yeRoma uye vagamuchirwa mirawu Anabaptism. Asi pashure imwe nguva yekudyidzana kwakawedzera zvimwe zviri dzidziso iyi.

Saka, VaMennonites vanodavira kuti umambo hwaMwari panyika richauya chete achitsigirwa vose vakati kusarudza chechi zvinonakisa yechokwadi. Bhaibheri - ndiro mubvunzo simba, uye Utatu - chete chinhu chine utsvene. Bhabhatidza chete vakuru pashure kuitwa hwakasimba uye zvechokwadi dambudziko.

Asi chinonyanya chinokosha anonzi nehana Mennonite muchiuto, mhiko rechiuto uye litigation. Nenzira iyi, vatsigiri sangano iri vanhu kudzingana rugare uye nonviolence.

Muna Russian Empire Protestant sangano akauya yaitonga Catherine Guru. Zvino akakumbira munharaunda vatame chikamu kuBaltic States New Russia, muna Volga mudunhu uye Caucasus. dzoro uku zviitiko zvave Boon nokuda VaMennonites, pavakanga zvaitambudzwa muWestern Europe. Naizvozvo, paiva mafungu zviviri kumanikidzwa vaitamira kumabvazuva.

Nhasi ari Russian Federation kuti chokwadi ichi pamwe chete vaBaptist.

Adventists

Kufanana muKristu chero akazvipira, maProtestenti anotenda kuuya kwechipiri Mesiya. Panguva chiitiko ichi uye pakutanga akavaka Adventist uzivi (kubva "kuuya" mashoko Latin).

Muna 1831, aichimbova mukuru United States Army Miller akava Baptist uye gare gare akabudisa bhuku pamusoro hunokosha kuuya kwaJesu Kristu March 21, 1843. Asi wakatendeuka kubva kuti hapana akaonekwa. Zvino paiva kururamiswa nokuda inaccuracy kweshanduro, uye Mesiya zvinotarisirwa mu chitubu 1844. Kana uye kechipiri akatadza nemiviri, paiva nguva mwoyo pakati vakatendeka, iyo historiography akadana "Disappointment Great".

Pashure paizvozvo, panguva Millerite akakamurwa dzinoverengeka yoga masangano. Kupfuura vakarongeka uye mukurumbira vari Wechinomwe-zuva Adventists. Vakaita centralized utariri uye sokuronga dzakabudirira munyika dzinoverengeka.

Mune Russian Empire, zvakaitika kuburikidza nokuda VaMennonites. The vemunharaunda vokutanga dzakaumbwa munzvimbo Crimean kweItari uye Volga nharaunda.

Nokuda kuramba kutora zvombo nekupika, ivo zvaitambudzwa muSoviet Union. Asi panguva pakuguma manonwe remakore rechimakumi maviri kwaiva kuchinja kupora. Uye muna 1990, Congress of Adventist rokutanga rakazoshandiswa Russian Union.

MaProtestenti, kana mapoka

Nhasi hapana mubvunzo kuti Mapurotesitenzi - ndiwo mumwe zvakaenzana namatavi chiKristu, nedzidziso dzayo, misimboti, zvinokosha maitiro uye kunamata.

Zvisinei, pane dzimwe machechi dziri sangano zvikuru akafanana Protestant, asi kuti, chaizvoizvo, havasi. Vapedzisira Somuenzaniso, Zvapupu zvaJehovha.

Asi tichifunga nechokwadi uye kuvhiringidzika nedzidziso dzavo, uyewo gakava mashoko kwokutanga kwapera, kufamba ichi hazvigoni zvisingarevi zvakawanda zvinokonzerwa murayiro zvimwe mhando.

Zvapupu zvaJehovha hazvibvumi Kristu, Utatu, muchinjikwa kuvake. Ivo funga huru uye oga Mwari, anonzi Jehovha, kufanana Ages zvitendwa. Vamwe zvatinopiwa zvakafanana pamwe Protestant. Asi zvinongoitikawo ichi hazvirevi kuti vave vatsigiri yechiKristu masangano.

Saka, tiri nemi munyaya ino nayo nevaya maProtestenti, uye vakataura pamusoro mamiriro ezvinhu mapazi akasiyana kuRussia.

Rombo rakanaka kwamuri, dzinodiwa vaverengi!