Mambo wokutanga muRussia - Ivan IV, zita remadunhurirwa rokuti "Unotyisa"

Mambo wokutanga muna Russia haana kuberekwa muna Moscow, muna Kolomna. Panguva iyoyo, Moscow muduku, uye Russia chiduku. Zvisinei, wamambo mucheche wacho wakatarwa zvakajeka uye Mwari uchengete. Ake muduku akanga akadzikama hazvina kuitika. Guardians makore matatu mambo - machinda hama Shuiskys - zvakasikwa mumuzinda rimwe rokutonga kutyisa kuti ose usiku Ndaitofanira Ndinovonga Mwari kuti akanga mupenyu: kwete chepfu, saamai, kwete kuurayiwa sezvinoita mukoma, regai kuora mujeri, kufanana babamunini wangu, kwete kutambudzwa kurwadziswa vangani baba anofungidzirwa - Prince Vasily III.

Pasinei nezvose kutanga chevaux muRussia vakanga vapona! Uye ava nemakore 16, kumwe kurwadzisa kuti zvinotarisirwa kuti Knights akanga akaroorwa kuti umambo! Zvirokwazvo, uti vanyori venhau, izvozvo chinorehwa nomuvuki Metropolitan Macarius. Asi kungava kuti paakaziva kuti nyika inoda ruoko simba kumisa mukurwisana uye kuti increment kundima. Yakunda autocracy - kupemberera rutendo Orthodox, Moscow - mutsivi Constantinople. Chokwadi, pfungwa yemo muchato aiva pedyo uye yakajeka. Mambo wokutanga muRussia zvakazoonekwa wechokwadi uye boyars yokungoita, uye akawedzera nharaunda yayo makore 50 okutonga - zana muzana ndima Russian mamiriro wakawedzera, uye Russia zvava kupfuura yose Europe.

youmambo rokuremekedza

Royal rokuremekedza Ivan (the Anotyisa) rakashandiswa sowakajeka akamira zvepamusoro zvakasiyana chaizvo mune zvematongerwo enyika European. Grand rokuremekedza rinoshandurwa se "Muchinda" kana "Ishe", uye kunyange mambo - ndiye Emperor!

Mushure kugadzwa kwehama vamambo kubva mai yabudirira makomborero akawanda, zvichiita kwebope chairatidza muduku John, mamiriro ezvinhu chaiwo maererano kwake ushe. Autocracy - iri itsva, rwakaoma, uyo Ivan akakwanisa kupfuura kubudirira.

nadzurudzo

Handizivi sei mambo wokutanga kuRussia - John The wechina? mufananidzo uyu kupi? Uye yatova papfuura Karamzin akanyora ake "History of Russian State" uye akatanga Countdown kuna Ivan Kalita. Zvino upenyu mambo wokutanga Russia uye akanzi - John I, dhipuroma achibvumirana chigaro Raichengetwa chaiyo goridhe kasiketi-areka, uye akagara mambo wokutanga kuRussia pano pachigaro ichi.

Mambo akafungisisa centralization wenyika, kuitwa mumaruwa uye labial kuchinja kushandurwa muchiuto, akatora itsva Code muMutemo uye Code of Service, musangano Assembly kweNyika wokutanga uye akasimbisa mutemo wairambidza panopindwa vatengesi vechiJudha. Pane nguvo itsva maoko gondo, sezvo Ivan Grozny - zvakananga wedzinza Rurik. Uye kwete chete navo nezuva rwaamai divi rake tateguru anodzvinyirira - vangu mai, mbuya vangu uye kunyange angu - chaiye Sofya Paleolog, kuti mugari wenhaka ari Byzantine remadzimambo. Pane mumwe kuva vakachenjera, vanozvikudza, zvakaoma-vanoshanda. Uye chisimba, zvakare, vane mumwe. Asi, chokwadi, panguva iyoyo, uye kunyange nharaunda utsinye angadai hazviiti kuti transformations kuti zvakajeka mambo waro wokutanga Russia. Kuchinja wehondo - mazwi mashoma, uye sei zvakawanda kwavari! Akazviratidza 25000th hondo strelets, wakange chete kushongedzera navo musket, sando uye minondo, uye misodzi kubva papurazi! Zvisinei, yakabvaruka kubva upfumi zvishoma kwavapfuri vouta. Pakanga atirari nhamba isiri asingasviki zviuru 2 pfuti. Ivan ari Anotyisa kunyange akamboda kushandura mitero yacho vanonyunyuta chikuru Boyar Duma. Zvechokwadi, kwete chete nevanokudzwa kugunun'una pamusoro kukanganisa ropafadzo dzavo. Vakavazunzira poumambo kuti zvokuti vakasundira pakuonekwa oprichnina. The Varindi vakaumba mauto anosvika zviuru 6 varume, pasingaverengwi kusvika chiuru akavimba dzinokosha mabasa.

Munguva mutsinga ropa run, paunoverenga pamusoro pedanda uye vaiurayiwa kuti rinokonzera pamwe sefungu muruoko wamambo. Asi Ivan kwete chete Anotyisa, kunyange nhasi, kare vanodavira kuti oprichnina haasi netsaona uye kwete kubva muvare. Boyars aifanira yokungoita! Uyezve, zvinokambaira kubva West dzinotsaudza saka yakadengenyeka nheyo kutenda Orthodox, kuti choushe hwakazununguka pamwe akagara pamusoro payo, uye mambo vose Russian wehurumende. Zvakawanda ukama rakavapo kubva autocracy uye nevafundisi. zvitendwa mutendi mambo kubirwa yemamongi nyika uye pasi udzvanyiriri vafundisi. Metropolitan airambidzwa kupinda mabhizimisi uye zemshchina oprichnina. Panguva iyo mambo oprichnina Ivan aiva abbot, mabasa akawanda yemamongi, kunyange kwaya vakaimba.

Novgorod uye Kazan

itsva gore 1570 oprichnina hondo isati ndanogara kurwisa Novgorod pamusoro nokufungirana nechinangwa kuunza Russia kuna mambo wePolish. Oh, kubwinya Varindi kuti varaidza. Kufanorongwa zvaibiwa kwakaenderera kuponda muna Tver, Klin, Torzhok uye akasara maguta akasununguka, pashure akaparadza muPskov uye Novgorod. Uye muna Tver Malyuta Skuratov adzipwa Metropolitan Philip maropafadzo ari kuramba uyu ropa rutsigiro. Mumazana mambo panguva mudzi aparadza yomunharaunda kwamachinda uye vanamabharani, tingataura zvakanangwa, pamwe chete navakadzi vavo, navana nemhuri. ugororo ichi kwemakore kusvikira ikawira kuRussia Crimean Khan Giray Divlet. Ndipo apo anoratidza kubvisa jaya oprichnina mauto! Asi hondo hondo aingovawo kwete. Varindi vakapamba, simbe. Tiine Tartars - ichi hakusi boyars nevana vavo kunorwa. Hondo chakarasika.

Zvino akatsamwa Ivan! Glare vakatamira Kazan kubva Novgorod. Ipapo ushe imba Giray. Chabvisa Changamire Oprichnina kunyange akamurambidza zita, akaurayiwa vatengesi zhinji uye villains, vatatu vakaenda Kazan. Kechitatu Kazan mapfumo panguva kungwara, uye pashure penguva yakati akava chaizvo guta Russian. Uyewo kubva kuMoscow Kazan munyika yose yabuda nhare Russian. It vakakundwa uye Astrakhan Khanate, kubatana nyika Russian. Crimean Khan, zvakare, pakupedzisira perepalo: zvakadini unogona vasingarangwi chinopambwa Russia nokupisa guta rake rakanaka? Muna 1572, hondo 120,000th Crimean rwakavhunika hondo 20000th Russian.

Kuwedzera nzvimbo hondo uye unyanzvi

Zvino pakanga yekudyidzana kurohwa nyika yeSweden mauto Novgorod mauto, uye vakagumisa ane rugare zvakanaka nokuda zvakawanda 40 makore. Eager mambo wokutanga kuna Rus reBaltic vakarwa Livonians, Poles, Lithuanian, neapo kunyange kuyevedza Novgorod aro, uye saka kure (kukwira mumwe mambo mukuru First - Peter) havana kubudirira kuedza izvi. Asi kunze kutya haisi wosekwa. Kunyange yakasimbiswa nezvibvumirano uye kutengeserana England. Uye mambo akatanga kufunga kuSiberia Land, unexplored. Asi ngwarira. Zvakanaka, kuti Ermak Timofeevich ake Cossacks akakwanisa kukunda hondo Khan Kuchum kusvikira yamambo kuti kunyika dziviriro Perm, Russia nokudaro midzi kuSiberia. Uye pashure mekushanda Russian akasvika Pacific Ocean.

unhu

Mambo wokutanga muRussia haana chete mambo wokutanga asiwo munhu wokutanga ungwaru, erudition uye bhezari.

About muraibhurari Ivana Groznogo vachiri regai kuserera ngano. Theology aiziva pa pundits. Iye nheyo jurisprudence. Aiva munyori wakaisvonaka vazhinji stichera uye tsamba (a nyanduri!). Ini akarayira vafundisi kuvhura kusvikira chikoro kudzidzisa vana kuverenga, kunyora. Iye akabvuma polyphonic kuimba uye akazarura inenge Conservatory mu ari Alexander kugarwa. Akanga shasha anoziva. A wokudhinda? Uye St. Vasiliya Blazhennogo musi Red Square? The mubvunzo wakamuka pamusoro canonization pamusoro Ivan. Asi kukanganwa zvaibiwa kwakaenderera, kurwadziswa, vaiurayiwa, kunyadziswa uye umhondi Inongovawo oprichnina uye vateveri Orthodox vafundisi? Pashure kuguma oprichnina, sezvo izvozvo, hazvina pamusoro, chete zvimwe akazozivikanwa. King akazvidemba, akapfeka ngetani, netyava pachake. Huge mari yakawanda yezvipo vachiyeuka muchechi uye mweya yevaya vakaurayiwa utano yanyadziswa. Akafa Schemamonk.