Khan Giray: Biography. hwedzinza Giray

Giray hwedzinza anenge 350 makore utongi pedyo Crimean Khanate. Yakaratidza nyika yakawanda vanhu vakakurumbira, vamwe vacho vakanga vakakurumbira vezvematongerwo, uye vamwe vakawana rakapihwa ravo basa sayenzi tsika. The ndewechiLatin vanosanganisira anozivikanwa nounyanzvi wenhoroondo uye ethnographer Sultan Khan Giray. The Biography munhu uyu, uye nyaya Giray youmambo yose ichava nyaya kukurukurirana kwedu.

Biography Khan Giray

Sultan Khan Giray akaberekwa muna 1808 mune ikozvino Adygeya. Aiva mwanakomana Crimean Tatar wamambo wechitatu, akabva Khan kwakaita mhando - Mehmeda Han Giray. Uyezve, mune mutsinga ake ruchiyerera kubva Sultan uye Circassian ropa. The yakanakisisa unhu vemarudzi idzi mbiri dziri zvakanyatsobatana mairi.

Pashure richisvika makore 29 okuberekwa aiitawo anoverengeka muhondo Russian Empire, apo aine chinzvimbo mukuru uye kukurayira ari oga kupesana. Asi Caucasian hondo, apo kuibvarura kumba, handina kubatanidzwa, kunyange zvazvo, Chokwadi, njodzi kurwisana akati mumwoyo make.

Khan Giray akanyora nhamba nemabasa ari ethnography, ngano uye uri nhoroondo Circassian vanhu, avo vakagamuchira mukurumbira pasi pose. "Notes pamusoro Circassia" uye "Circassian tsika" pakati pavo. Iyewo - muvambi mabasa anoverengeka art. Asi vakawanda mabasa ake yakabudiswa chete pashure pokufa kwake. Khan Giray anonziwo muvambi ari Adyghe arufabheti.

Sezvo 1841 iye ave achishingaira rutsigiro pakati Highlanders (pachinzvimbo hurumende yeRussia) kuti chinangwa rokuyananisa. Zvisinei, basa rake rakapera pasina. Giray Khan akafa makore 34, muna 1842, kuti ake yechizvarigo.

Murume uyu anoshamisa akasiya mwanakomana - Sultan Murat Giray, uyo akaberekwa mugore rufu rwababa vake. Asi mupiro Sultan Khan Giray kukura Adyghe tsika uye mabhuku - inokosha.

Maererano neimwe shanduro, yakanga iri nokukudzwa kwake Crimean Tatars vanoda rename muna Khan Giray Kherson.

Ngationei vaiva madzitateguru anoshamisa kudaro unhu.

Mujinga dzinza roumambo

Muvambi imba youmambo, vatongi kuCrimea raiva Haji Giray. Akauya achibva rudzi Tukatimuridov - mumwe mapazi zvizvarwa Genghis Khan. Maererano neimwe shanduro, midzi Giray hwedzinza wakaburuka kubva Mongol mhando Kireev, asi kune Genghisides vakatumirwa chete gare gare kuzviruramisa kodzero yavo yokutonga.

Haji Giray akaberekwa munenge 1397 munharaunda Belarus ano, apo rinoreva Grand Duchy pamusoro Lithuania (GDL).

Panguva iyoyo, Zolotaya Orda akanga achipfuura dzakaoma, chaizvoizvo rwakakamukana wandei akazvimirira anoti. Power muCrimea, pamwe vatsigire Omani Grand Duke akakwanisa muna 1441 kuti andobata Haji Giray. Saka, akava muvambi imba youmambo, rakatonga muCrimea anenge 350 apfuura.

At kunobva simba

Mengli Giray - Khan, uyo nheyo simba Crimean Khanate. Aiva mwanakomana Haji Giray, pashure vane rufu (muna 1466) kurwirana simba pakati pavana.

Pakutanga Khan aiva mwanakomana mukuru Haji Giray - on Devlet. Asi Mengli Giray akasarudza kupikisa murairo. Kanoverengeka ari kosi ino internecine hondo muna Crimean Khanate vakachinja mutongi. Muchiitiko chino, kana on Devlet zvayo achipomera kwaibva simba Golden Horde uye hweOttoman Empire, ari Mengli bheji pamusoro yomunharaunda Crimean vanoziva. Takazobatana kurwa mumwe mukoma - Eider. Muna 1477 nayo vakakwanisa kubvuta chigaro Janibekov asingadi muna Giray hwedzinza.

Pakupedzisira, muna 1478 Mengli Giray aigona pakupedzisira kukunda vorongerwa dzavo uye vawane nzvimbo pakati simba. Ndiye nheyo simba Crimean Khanate. Zvisinei, mukurwisa nedzimwe musarudzo, aifanira kubvuma kwake muranda mamiriro hweOttoman Empire, uye kuti vape kumaodzanyemba Crimea, iyo nyuchi vatsigiri vayo - the Genoese, zvakananga kudzora vokuTurkey.

Crimean Khan Giray Mengli kubatana Moscow pamusoro Horde Great (mutsivi kune Golden Horde), uye Lithuania. Muna 1482 mauto ake rakaparadza Kiev, izvo panguva iyoyo raiva ON. Kana abudisa vakawanda Crimean Tatars dzinodya dzimwe dzinosiya vachirwisa pamusoro nyika Grand Duchy pakati Lithuania ari kuumbwa zvaidiwa Moscow Treaty. Muna 1502 Mengli Giray pakupedzisira kuparadzwa zvikuru Horde.

Akafa Mengli Giray muna 1515.

Humwe Kusimbaradza of Khan raMwari simba

Uyezve akasimbisa State Mehmed Giray - Khan, aitonga afa Mengli Giray uye anouya mwanakomana wake. Kusiyana nababa vake, aiva jaya uchigadzirira kuva mutongi pamwe rokuti - kalga, izvo hwaienzanirana pachinzvimbo chevatatu korona muchinda. Mehmed Giray akatungamirira zhinji mishandirapamwe uye vachirwisa akarongeka Mengli Giray.

Pakazosvika nguva accession yake choushe akanga yakaitirwa ake ose neshinda hurumende, saka kuti pakuedza hama dzake nezvokumukira akanga hachizobudiriri.

Muna 1519 Krymskoe Hanstvo yakawedzera yekudyidzana kubva dzapinda munharaunda yayo pakati Nogai Horde. Izvi zvakakonzerwa nokuti Nogai akakunda Kazakhs, uye saka aitofanira kukumbira pokugara Mehmed Giray.

Apo Mehmed aiva nokuchinja dzimwe nomutemo wemadzimambo Crimean Khanate. Mushure Horde Great vakakundwa baba vake, kudiwa kubatana Moscow kweutongi vakanyangarika, saka Mehmed Giray Khan akaita ukama Lithuania pamusoro Russia. Panguva muna 1521 yokutanga guru pamushandirapamwe of Crimean Tatars muMoscow kwavabati rakarongwa.

Mehmed Giray akakwanisa kupfeka choushe Kazan Khanate mukoma wake - Va Giray, nokudaro amutambanudzira simba rayo kuMiddle Volga nharaunda. Muna 1522, iye inobudisa Astrakhan Khanate. Saka, Mehmed Giray chaizvoizvo vakakwanisa kukurira chikamu chikuru aimbova Golden Horde.

Asi kugara Astrakhan, ari Khan akanga saka akadhakwa simba rake kuti ichiputswa muchiuto, unogona kushandisa vatsoropodzi, uyo akaronga rangano Mehmed Giray akamuuraya muna 1523.

Pamusoro simba

Munguva kubva 1523 ne 1551 rave akatonga hama uye vanakomana Mehmed Giray. nguva ino yakanga kwazvo unopinza hondo mukati Crimean Khanate. Asi muna 1551 akauya simba, Devlet Giray - mwanakomana Mubarak, izvo zvaizoitawo mwanakomana Mengli Giray. Zvaive munguva yokutonga kwake, Krymskoe Hanstvo zvasvika yepamusoro simba.

Devlet Giray - the Crimean Khan, uyo akanga kunyanya nomukurumbira vachirwisa pamusoro Russian mamiriro. chirongwa chake kwakaguma 1571, kunyange kupisa Moscow.

Devlet Giray aiva nesimba makore 26 uye akafa muna 1577.

The kwakaderera ari Khanate

Kana mwanakomana Devlet Giray Mehmed II achiri vakakwanisa kuchengeta mukurumbira wacho Crimean Khanate, ipapo kukosha vatsivi vake wechiTatar mamiriro munyika dzakawanda munhandare rawa yekudyidzana. Mehmed II pachake muna 1584, akanga rinoputswa Turkish Sultan, asi pachinzvimbo akadyara mukoma Islyam Giray. Pashure Crimean khans vaiva vaduku vatongi kwakakurumbira, uye mamiriro nenyonganyonga vava kwazvo kakawanda.

Muna 1648, munhandare ose makuru enyika akaedza kuenda Islyam Giray III, kubatana pamwe Zaporozhye Cossacks vari kusunungurwa kurwisa Commonwealth. Asi kwomubatanidzwa uyu nokukurumidza akawira voga uye Hetman vakatamira citizenship kuna Russian chamber.

The wokupedzisira mutongi

The mutongi wekupedzisira Crimean Khanate akazviratidza Khan Shahin Giray. Kunyange paitonga baba vake, Devlet Giray IV kuti, muna 1774, Krymskoe Hanstvo yawana rusununguko kubva hweTurkey uye akabvuma protectorate weRussia. Iri raiva rimwe ezvinhu enyika Kuchuk Kandira nyika, rakapera mumwe hondo Russian-wokuTurkey.

Crimean Khan Shahin Giray akauya simba muna 1777 sezvo protégé weRussia. Akakwidziridzwa kuti choushe panzvimbo aifarira-Turkish Devlet Giray IV. Zvisinei, kunyange kunotsigirwa maoko Russian, akagara-siyana pachigaro choushe. Izvi runoratidzwa ndechokuti muna 1782 akabviswa pachigaro mukoma wake Bahadir Giray, uyo akauya simba pamusoro sefungu dzakakurumbira chimurenga. Achibatsirwa mauto Russian Shahin Giray akakwanisa kusimbazve choumambo, asi akaramba kwake raiva nhema, nokuti simba chairo akanga asisina.

Muna 1783, ingano iyi chapedzwa. Shahin Giray akasaina abdication ake, uye Crimean Khanate akanga yakatora kuna Russian Empire. Saka kupera ushe Giray muna Crimea. Board advertising Shagina zvino anogona kushanda kunze tumari Giray Khan, vane mufananidzo unogona kuonekwa pamusoro.

Shahin Giray mushure abdication vaigara kutanga Russian, asi akabva atamira Turkey, apo muna 1787 akaurayiwa ari mirairo Sultan.

Giray imba pashure simba kurasikirwa

Sultan Khan Giray - harisi chete mhando mumiririri vakazova kuzivikanwa pashure kurasikirwa nesimba imba youmambo pamusoro Crimea. Famous vaiva hama dzake - Sultan Adil Giray uye Sagat Sultan Giray, uyo akava nomukurumbira muchiuto munda kuti vabatsirwe Russian Empire.

Great-muzukuru of Khan-Giray Giray Sultan Davlet adygskogo akava muvambi yemitambo. Hama neyokupedzisira, Suta Crimea Giray, aiva sachigaro Committee of vamabhiza Division. Vose vakaurayiwa muna 1918 maererano Bolsheviks.

Pari musoro Crimean Khan dzinonzi vanoti Dzhezzar Pamir Giray, anogara muLondon.

Zvichireva Gireev mhando munhoroondo yenyika

Rhode Gireev akasiya zvakakanganwika munhoroondo Crimea, uye nhoroondo dzenyika yose. Zita youmambo iyi zvinenge zvakabatana chaizvo kuvapo Crimean Khanate - hurumende, iyo panguva yacho vakaita aitungamirira basa kuEastern Europe.

Gireev anoyeuka uye ino Chizvarwa Crimean Tatars, nokuwadzana mhando iyi mbiri nguva munhoroondo rwacho. Ndokusaka pozi chirongwa kuti rename Khan Giray Kherson.