Smolensk nharaunda yevanhu: uwandu uye kwemarudzi sezvamunoita

"Castle mukuru uye vanhu vazhinji" - rinotsanangura mbiri yekare Smolensk Ustyuzhanskaya yenhau IX remakore. Ndiyo kutaurwa chekubwinya Smolensk nharaunda wokutanga. Nokuti mumireniyamu yechipiri emblazoned pamahombekombe ari Dnieper guta rekare Russian, razova rakakura remunharaunda muzinda. Travel maererano nzvimbo inova zvakawanikwa chaiye mbiri nharaunda. Zvinoshamisa kwete chete hunhu uye mapurani, asiwo yevagari of Smolensk nharaunda. Vaenzi munogara akakwazisa zvinodziya, ane Russian kutsvaira.

Area Smolensk nharaunda

Kumadokero pamuganhu Russian nyika nenzwi mbiri Smolensk nyika, iyo ingafananidzwa akachenjera musoja yekare kuti wakachengeta rugare. Uye, chokwadi, nguva zhinji guta rino umhare akava nhovo Russia. Sam Smolensk iri munzvimbo yepamusoro inosvika of Dnieper River ari chinhambwe 365? Km kubva Moscow. Smolensk nharaunda inyaya iri Russian Federation uye ari wokuCentral Federal District.

A guta akaberekwa pazvikomo manomwe pamusoro pawo nevezvokutengeserana kuna "Varangians kuvaGiriki" akava nzvimbo nemisha yakawanda. Nhasi, Smolensk nharaunda ine muganhu chokufananidza Bryansk, muPskov, Moscow, Kaluga, Tver nharaunda. Belarus ndiye yakabatana kumucheto Smolensk, Vitebsk uye Mogilev kumatunhu. Zvakaumbwa nharaunda muna 1937.

tsanangudzo pfupi yacho

Smolensk nharaunda anopindura vanenge 50 000? Km ari pakati East European Plain. Kune pano, sezvo Upland uye nokumapani. Okunze unozvidzora Continental, sezvo uye mamiriro okunze mapazi - nemwero. Driving kuburikidza nzvimbo, unogona kuona Wavy pamusoro, nemumakomo nzvimbo uye rwizi mumipata.

On mundima Smolensk nharaunda pane zvicherwa zvakawanda kubva sedimentary mavambo. Panogona kunge vasangana ne deposits dzebhurauni marasha, peat, dombo munyu, loam uye ivhu. Not vanyengedzwa nature idzi hunorapa madhaka uye chicherwa mvura. Dzimwe nguva pane deposits nedombo sekristaro, silica, ores, ocher. peat reserves munharaunda yakakwirira kwazvo. Nokuti kuvakwa mabasa vari mined jecha, mavhu, gypsum.

In yechando zvinokosha yakaenzanirana chena chando tembiricha zhizha - inodziya uye kuchinaya. Waenderera kuburikidza munharaunda dziri mutero of Dnieper sezvo Vyazma, VOP River, Desna, Sozh. Nokudaro, nekuzadzisa zvimwe zvayo mvura reserves nzizi zvakadai makuru sezvo Volga uye Oka, umo iyerere Vazuza uye Ugra.

The chikuru nzvimbo Smolensk nharaunda yaigarwa Nuclear podzolic nevhu. Dzimwe nguva pane jecha uye loamy runofarira. In nharaunda iyi kune vazhinji masango, paMaare uye wetlands. zvirimwa kwakapararira anorimwa zvirimwa. The chikuru vamiririri masango vari spruce, Birch, Aspen. Zvishoma zvishoma raimiririra yemiouki, maples, madota, Linden. The fauna of chinomiririrwa mazhinji ezvinhu mhuka neshiri. About 50 mhando hove hunowanikwa mumvura vemo.

nhoroondo mashoko

Krivichi pakutanga vaigara kunyika Smolensk, Smolensk nharaunda vemo zvinobva kwavari. Ipapo guta kwenguva refu aidzorwa of Kievan Rus. Ichatonga zvine mbiri Smolensk weutungamiriri weveta XII remakore. Vamwe nguva yenyika yakanga chikamu Duchy pakati Lithuania, uye gare gare ivo kuMoscow Statement. Yokupedzisira inonzi yakapedza Smolensk nyika Russian State kwakaitika pashure Russian-Polish kukakavadzana. Saka XVIII remakore paiva Smolensk province.

Pakutanga reSoviet nguva, vamwe Smolensk nharaunda yaiva chikamu Byelorussian SSR. Uye kubva 1937 nayo awana miganhu ano.

Famous vomunyika

At Smolensk nyika akaberekwa vanhu vakakurumbira, ramakagadzwa unyanzvi vemifananidzo, vatambi, kupenya Vanyori, vanyori, vananyanduri, vavezi vemabwe. Vazhinji akarova ake shasha akakurumbira munyori Mikhail Glinka. Rakanga akazvarwa pano cosmonaut wokutanga Yuri Gagarin. Asingakanganwiki chigure, sekasi muiti Yuri Nikulin ariwo chizvarwa Smolensk nharaunda. Proud vagari nzvimbo geniuses akadai Alexander Twardowski, NM Przewalski, S. Konenkov, Azimov, A. Griboyedov.

Vagari of Smolensk nharaunda

All-Russian Verengai muna 2010 akawana kuti ari 18 dziri Central District of Smolensk Region Federation akatora rechi16 nzvimbo. Kuwanda Smolensk nharaunda yevanhu akanga 985 500 vanhu. Nhamba iyi kakawanda akachinja mararamiro yezviitiko zvinokosha. Maererano Rosstat, muna 2013 yevagari arambe achirema of Smolensk kudunhu raiva akaenzana vanhu 19,59 chete ba /? Km. On the arambe achirema rutapudzo pane imwe nguva iri chaizvo kutungamirirwa urbanization.

Kuwanda mumadhorobha kwevanhu nokure nhamba kuti kumaruwa vanogarapo. Sezvo reshiyo iri 72% kusvika 28% of kuvagari vokumaruwa. Nhamba yevakadzi pachinhu vevanhu yekudyidzana kupfuura. Kuwanda vakadzi panguva ino akaenzana 536.900 uye navarume - 448,6 zviuru.

In guru nharaunda, guta Smolensk, pamusoro vanofungidzira yaJanuary 2017, musha vanhu 328,906.

Smolensk nharaunda, vanhu mumaguta uye kumatunhu

Kudeuka guta Smolensk Chokwadi, ndiyo guta guru munzvimbo - Smolensk. About kukura neguta yambotaurwa. Chechipiri pakukura remunharaunda centre sokuti mbiri Vyazma, apo 54.259 vanhu vararame. Shure iye anouya Roslavl guta rine vanhu 51 775 vaigara. Zvinenge chete nhamba yevanhu vari dunhu nzvimbo Yartsevo uye Safonovo (46 219 uye 43 727). Muguta Gagarin, kugara vanhu 26.916, Desnogorsk ane 28.518 vagari. Heano mamwe, guta zvishoma vakawanda pamusoro Smolensk nharaunda pamusoro yevagari:

• Mhangura - 9650.
• Yelnya - 9460.
• Pochinok - 8684.
• Sychovka - 8246.
• Velizh - 7078.
• Demidov - 6585.
• Dukhovshchina - 4125.

Population District, Smolensk Region ane zvinotevera unhu:

• Velizh rn - 11.114.
• Vyazemskij rn - 77.359.
• Haharins'kyi N - 45.940.
• Glinkovsky rn - 4404.
• Demidov rn - 12.310.
• Dorogobuzh ruwa - 27.376.
• Duhovschinsky rn - 15.484.
• Elninskaya rn - 13.846.
• Ershichsky rn - 6444.
• Kardymovsky rn - 12.499.
• Krasninskoe rn - 12.269.
• Monastyrschinsky rn - 9472.
• Novoduginsky rn - 9603.
• Pochinkovsky rn - 29.851.
• Roslavlsky rn - 71.990.
• Rudnyansky rn - 23.562.
• Safonovsky rn - 58.803.
• Smolenski rn - 53.889.
• Sychevskii rn - 13.807.
• Temkinsky rn - 5971.
• Ugransky rn - 8190.
• Hislavichsky rn - 8106.
• Holm-Zhirkovsky rn - 9754.
• Shumyachsky rn - 9909.
• Yartsevskiy rn - 54.231.

Recent Masvomhu zvokuwedzera

Kuwanda Smolensk nharaunda yevanhu yaiva 958 600 vanhu 2016. Pazuva rokutanga January gore rino, dzomumaguta vagari, paiva 690 000 (72%), mumaruwa vagari akanga 268 600 (28%). Zvinofanira kucherechedzwa kuti kumadokero zvikamu nharaunda vanhu vakawanda kupfuura vamwe. Muduku yose nevanhu kumatunhu kumabvazuva (Temkinsky, Ugra). Nhamba yevana uye kuyaruka ari 336 000 vanhu. Vagari of Smolensk nharaunda muna 2016 yakaderera tichienzanisa 2015 vanhu 6000.

National sezvamunoita

Vakawanda vanofarira kwete chete kuwanda chavagari of Smolensk nharaunda, asiwo kwemadzinza sezvamunoita kwayo. 97% of zvachose Russian vanogara uitore Smolensk. Panzvimbo yechipiri ndiwo vamiririri Belarus (0.83%). The Ukrainian rudzi anomiririrwa pano 0,64%. VaJudha kupa munzvimbo chitsama 0.56%. Roma abate 0,18% vemo. Vashomashoma rakawandisa, asi achiri aripo munzvimbo yacho vokuArmenia, Azerbaijanis, Tatars, Poles, Georgians, vokuGermany.

dzinongoitika zvinokwezva

Kuti achengetedze dzinongoitika hurongwa, uyewo yokutsvakurudza zvinangwa munzvimbo Smolensk Lake District akasikwa. zita iri kuchengeterwa ichi anowana kubva 35 madhamu mukati ayo mamiriro. Mumwe nomumwe wavo inozivikanwa ayo akasiyana runako. Vatengi Smolenskii Lake District akanyika kuva naka mhepo. Mukati kuchengeterwa pane zvakawanda munhoroondo sezvivako. Mumwe wavo wekare guta rekare Russian Verzhavsk kaiva pakati IX-XII emakore.

Izvi nzvimbo zvinoshamisa akanaka dziri chokuita guru mufambi uye akaongorora kunyika dzokuAsia - N. M. Przhevalskim. vashanyi vakawanda veko vanoziva kunobva akakurumbira anonzi "Mutsvene Zvakanaka".

mapurani sezvivako

Kubva kupfuura yekare mapurani hurongwa zvinogona kupatsanurwa Smolensk nhare ibwe Castle. It rakavakwa vachiri vachitungamirirwa mambo Fedor Ioanovicha sezvakunoitwa XVI-XVII remakore pakati Moscow weutungamiriri uye Rzeczpospolita akazviratidza miganhu kukakavadzana. Vashandi vanenge 30.000 unokubatira raishandiswa pakuvaka ichi. Ichi chinhu mapurani Monument masvingo eguta uye 38 shongwe, vamwe kusvika 33 metres kureba. Iri ndiro simba kupfuura rusvingo Rus nguva. Aitungamirira kuvakwa yakakurumbira Smolensk tenzi Fyodor Kon.

Mune Smolensk nharaunda, kufanana neimwe akachengetedzwa Zvivako wokuRussia tsika pre-Mongol kumwedzi. Apa pane mabasa ari Baroque manyorerwo, uyewo risingaenzaniswi mienzaniso chivakwa chekereke.

In Smolensk pane zvirangaridzo wandei, zvivako, achirangarira ndangariro zviitiko zvakawanda muchiuto. Uyewo pano pakanga paine zvivako vakazvitsaurira yakakurumbira vomunyika. "Green chishongo guta" - vanonzi vanhu Smolensk mumapaka dzavo.

mamiziyamu Major uye machechi Orthodox

Vazhinji panguva kunzwa Boldino musha kuti Smolensk mudunhu. Kakawanda, vashanyi kuenda ikoko pamusoro rwavakaita. Mumwe mukuru uye kupfuura yakanaka zvinhu pano ndiye Mutsvene Utatu wemamonk. Rakavakwa St. Gerasimos Boldin achiri VI remakore. Kakawanda akatodzorera temberi, asiwo chinofadza vaenzi ayo.

Mumusha Novospassky Smolensk nharaunda iri miziyamu-Manor M. I. Glinki, kwaakanga kamwe akararama. Manor Ndiyo chete shongwe yakatsaurirwa yakakurumbira Russian wenziyo. The pfuma ine huru mbiri-storey imba, kicheni annexe, mueni, rimwe bhekari, wenhumbi imba, gazebos akanaka uye temberi yemadzitateguru. Kakawanda, nokuti muenzi mazita yakanaka inofadza machemero piyano.

The musha Hmelita Smolensk nharaunda yakaramba aimbova yavatezvara mhuri Griboyedov. Vamwe zviri ichi chivako anogona kuwanikwa ake haufi mutambo "nhamo kubva zvaiti". Muzinda uye paka Ensemble rinosanganisira imba ibwe, 4 outbuildings, paki pamwe alleys, 2 madziva uye temberi.

Pakati kumisha Katyn Nest uye Smolensk nharaunda iri chirangaridzo kunzwisisa "Katyn". Nokuti Soviet nguva imwe nguva refu, nzvimbo iyi haina kutaurwa, sezvo muna 1940 ndimo zvinosuwisa. Zviri munharaunda dondo ipapo akapfura akawanda ezviuru Polish vakuru uye vamwe vasungwa. The chirangaridzo kunzwisisa chose muduku, zvakanzi yakavhurwa muna 2000. The huru pamusuo chiyeuchidzo chinoitwa muchimiro girazi chipfuro. In nechepakati zvakaoma inomira yoreba Orthodox muchinjikwa pamusoro ichitapira Memory mukoto.

Muna Smolensk nharaunda inovakwa netemberi dzakawanda kudaro, asi pre-Mongol kumwedzi, vakaramba matatu chete: Chechi Intercession, Church of nokufungidzira, St. Segiyo chechi iri Chechi Ascension wemamonk.