Budget yemuraudzo - iri ... Kuziva zvinokonzera. Chii nderwevaya?

Zvinonzi vaidavira kuti bhajeti yemuraudzo - chakanaka kuti hurumende. Imwe nzira kana kuti? Kuti tipindure mubvunzo uyu, zvakakosha kuziva tsananguro. Saka, chii chiri nderwevaya? Next ichakurukurwa pamusoro ichi.

Chii nderwevaya?

We kutanga tsananguro. Budget yemuraudzo - yakanaka nepakati wezvokutengeserana mwero. Nemamwe mashoko, mari kwazvo mari. Panewo pfungwa yemuraudzo "chikuru" uye "yechipiri". Anenge zvose inoti vane basa. Kazhinji, ndiwo zvinosungirwa yeUnited chikwereti kusungwa. "Primary" bhajeti yemuraudzo - chiyero dzakakudzingai mari SERVICING chikwereti paruzhinji. Somuenzaniso, pashure zvose zvekushandisa wazvipira ari bhajeti vanenge $ 1 tiririyoni. Kubhadhara pamusoro nokubatira yeUnited chikwereti zvisungo - 0.1 matiririyoni emadhora. Naizvozvo 0,9 tiririyoni - a "yechipiri" yemuraudzo. Mupe tsananguro.

"Secondary" bhajeti yemuraudzo - ndiyo nengaidzo mushure yaanobhadhara vose paruzhinji wazvipira. Chinokosha Nhamba - ukama kuna GDP. Gross epamba chigadzirwa - chinhu macroeconomic chakarurama inoratidza padanho kugadzirwa munyika. Pasina izvozvo hapana pfungwa kuongorora yemuraudzo. Somuenzaniso, muna bhajeti pane anenge mabhiriyoni 1 emadhora. Sei kutsanangura - chaizvo kana zvishoma? Kuti aite izvi, enzanisa pamwe chakakomba National chigadzirwa ave chikamu. Somuenzaniso, GDP kuti gore racho US $ 1 tiririyoni. The pachisara ichi nyaya akaenzana 0.1%.

kuronga mari

Ko yemuraudzo, dhefisiti, pakati nepakati bhajeti? Funga marudzi. Nehasha zvemari akakamurwa zvitatu mhando:

1. Surplus - hatina atomupa kutsunga. Zveminda pfuura mari.
2. Yakadzikama - zveminda uye havashandisi mari vakaenzana.
3. Dhefisiti - havashandisi mari yakawanda kupfuura zveminda.

Tinovimba kuti zviri pachena. Muchiziva musimboti izvi pfungwa zvinogona akapindura nokuda bhajeti nani: dhefisiti kana yemuraudzo? Pakutanga zvinoita sokuti wechipiri. Tinobvumirana kuti zviri nani kana mari vasara pane kana havasi zvakakwana. Asi zviri pamusoro mamiriro bhajeti? Ngatikurukurei zvimwe.

Surplus - ndicho chinhu ndinoiitawo?

Hazvibviri kufunga kuti mari imwe iri bhajeti - zvakanaka. Chokwadi hachisi. Zviri nani kuti upfumi kana hurumende bhajeti dhefisiti iri diki, asi ari vakakwereta mari kuzviviga, pane pachisara hombe. Sei zvakadaro?

Chokwadi chokuti upfumi inoda mari iripo, mari. Hakungavi kukura pasina inivhesitimendi. Kana mari iiswe bhajeti, uye kunyange zvakawanda kudaro siyana kuwanda mari, ichi hachisi wezvematongerwe enyika aibishaira, t. To. The mari haasi kuenda kukura. Izvi zvakafanana miriyoni vanhu akaisa pasi mutsago kuti pane mari iri kunobatsira mabhizimisi uye kugamuchira kaviri pagore.

It mari mutemo aimbova mari gurukota Kudrin akaumba muRussia mashoma chengetedza mari. Chokwadi, vezvenhau vanoti kuti zvakanaka. Kana vakanga windfall kubva kumusoro mitengo nekuda Mahydrocarbon, takakwanisa kuunganidza munhu chake, yaishandiswa panguva dambudziko.

Zvisinei, nezvoupfumi zhinji usafunga kudaro. Vanoti pane mari iri mari, vaigona vanopedzisira siyana zvirongwa. Izvi aizobvumira kuti Siyanisai upfumi uye kuwana kubvisa "tsono mafuta". Aimbova Minister chaizvo Kudrin akataura zvakajeka zvikuru panyaya iyi. Aidavira kuti mari iri nyore chakabiwa uye somugumisiro pachava chinhu. Naizvozvo zviri nani kuti varambe kupfuura ruoko muhomwe vakuru.

Varipi surpluses? Ngationgororei zvinhu zvinokonzera ehurumende bhajeti yemuraudzo.

zvikonzero

Nature windfall nechitarisiko nyore: nyika yedu kunotsamira kunze kwenyika kuti mbishi zvinhu. Ivo pamusana inenge hafu nehurumende zveminda. MuRussia, vakaronga havashandisi mari maererano mitengo mafuta ano. Pakutanga 2017 mudhiramu chendarama dema pamusoro misika nyika pamusana anenge 50 emadhora. The Hurumende anorasira mutengo mune ramangwana, uchiziva bhuku kugadzirwa uye okutengesa. Kana kunze kwenyika kuramba chete, uye mutengo pamusoro misika nyika kuwedzera ukoshi hasha, uti, $ 100 mudende, nyika yedu achava pachisara huru. Hapana tsaona yacho zviratidzo zvikuru ukama GDP vaiva nyika kwekurasira mafuta-: Kuwait (22.7% muna 2010), Norway (10.5% muna 2010).

Most akanaka bhajeti munyika dzakabudirira, vane mari hakunei kunze kwenyika kuti mbishi zvinhu: Germany, Luxembourg, Denmark.

Chimiro mari uye mari

General bhajeti zveminda zviri rakakamurwa mhando mbiri:

1. Tax.
2. Non-mutero.

Tax akakamurwa:

• mari mutero;
• pfuma;
• A mamiriro kubhadhara;
• excise mutero;
• mitero iri yemari ;
• zvinhu uye mabasa vakatengesa munyika.

Non-mutero zveminda:

• vanorumwe zvoupfumi basa;
• haibatsiri pasi yavose-private Kudyidzana;
• kubhadhara nokushandiswa zviwanikwa;
• fines, Zvirango;
• zveminda nourongwa mabasa siyana;
• kutorerwa pfuma;
• kudzoka hazvina kutorwa nehama dzazvo dzinopiwa nezvakadaro.

Kuwedzera kune zvinhu izvi mari, yemuraudzo anogona kusika zvakasiyana siyana chisingapembedzwi pakutengeserana nevanhu uye nezvimwe inoti, supranational masangano, masangano ehurumende.

ehurumende mari enda:

• kudzivirira, kuchengeteka, kwemitemo hurongwa, kusanganisira matare;
• dzidzo uye sainzi;
• mushonga;
• pokugara uye zvaiita mabasa;
• utsanzi;
• kudzivirira zvakatikomberedza;
• tsika uye mutambo;
• vezvenhau;
• mumagariro bhora;
• neIntergovernmental kutamiswa.

zvakawanikwa

Nokudaro, bhajeti yemuraudzo - pachisara mwero. Musafunga kuti izvi zvakanaka nokuda nyika. nzira dzose dziripo dzinofanira vakaomerera zvoupfumi. In nyika yedu iri rinokosha, nekuti pane matambudziko maviri akakura:

1. High uori.
2. Kuvimba yeHydrocarbon kunze kwenyika.

High mafuta mitengo iri mumisika nyika kwakatungamirira bhajeti surpluses. Zvisinei, bhizimisi mari diversification zvikuru va neudhadha nokuda kumusoro uori. Low simba mitengo kutungamirira bhajeti deficits. Izvi isakarurama inokanganisa veruzhinji nemauto vashandi, pensioners uye kudzivirirwa sectors vemo. Tinovimba kuti izvi denderedzwa anorura nokusingaperi angazarura munyika yedu.