Smolensk Province: mumaruwa uye mumisha

Nyaya yokutanga enyika munharaunda Imperial Russia yakatanga kusvika 1708 gore. Izvi mhando tumisoro aivapo kusvikira 1929. Nenzira iyi kuti ipiwe mundima zviduku yaiona dzakabatana, kufanana remunharaunda kupesana.

Nyaya Smolensk dunhu

Pakusika mumatunhu sere Peter I muna 1708 zvakatanga mune zvimwe Smolensk province. Land munzvimbo dzaiva chikamu chete miganhu chikwata uye riri European chikamu nyika. Smolensk dunhu kusvikira 1929, vakabva achiva nzvimbo panguva Yokuchinja muSoviet Union. The chikuru guta dunhu kwainzi Smolensk.

The specificity wenyika nzvimbo munyika tumisoro pakati Imperial Russia akapa napedyo uye zvoupfumi mabasa navazhinji mamwe mapurovhinzi.

Province bordered zvinotevera nyika:

• Tver dunhu (kuchamhembe uye kuchamhembe-mabvazuva);
• Moscow uye Kaluga (kumabvazuva);
• Orel (rwezasi - kumabvazuva);
• Chernigov (rwezasi);
• Mahileu (kumavirira);
• Vitebsk uye muPskov (kuchamhembe).

nyika Reformation

Achangobva Smolensk dunhu akanga vanenge namanomwe maguta. Remasangano kwavari: Roslavl, Smolensk, White, Vyazma, Dorogobuzh. Zvisinei, muna 1713 mudunhu yakanga emauto akadzingwa mabasa, guru reko chikamu akaenda kudunhu chikamu Riga Province.

Zvadaro, pashure pemakore gumi nematatu, zvave omei rakadzorerwa. It rinoumbwa mumatunhu mashanu: Dorogobuzh, Belsky, Smolensk, Vyazma uye Roslavl.
Zvishoma Papera (muna 1775) mudunhu akanga kudzorwa muna Smolensk gavhuna. Nokuda miganhu kuchinja kwaiva kwebasa rinofanira mumaruwa itsva nomwe: Kasplyanskogo, Elninskaya, Krasninsky, Gzhatsk, Sychevsky, Porechsky, Ruposovskogo. Makore mashomanana gare gare Ruposovsky uye Kasplinsky mumaruwa vakanga tinoshandurirwa Yukhnovsky uye Duhovschinsky. Yakanga chete 1796 gavhuna reformatted zvakare mudunhu.

Munguva kubva 1802 kusvika muna 1918 ari mazita Smolensk dunhu unotora maruwa gumi. Zviduku Ndima inogarwa Sychevsky - 2825 mativi versts.

Administrative miganhu kudunhu Smolensk dunhu:

• Yukhnovsky;
• Vyazemskij;
• Belsky;
• Gzhatskaya;
• Duhovschinsky;
• Elninskaya;
• Sychevsky;
• Dorogobuzh;
• Roslavlsky;
• Smolensk;
• Porechsky;
• Krasninsky.

241 chechi rakanyoreswa zviri County, 4.130 kumaruwa uye pamusoro mumwe 14,000 dzine nevakabva. Mukuwedzera, nharaunda enyika paiva masere namagariro nemisha 600. The Vamwe kugarwa vaiva mapurazi, misha, purazi. Length Smolensk dunhu raiva 340 vent (mumwe versta kusangana ano 1067 mamita). Ndima yayo yaiva shoma kupfuura 49212 mativi versts.

uwandu hwevanhu

Maererano 1897 vaverengwe yevagari enyika Smolensk aiva zvishoma kupfuura hafu yemiriyoni vagari. Mumaguta vane asingasviki gumi muzana, vanenge zviuru 121 vagari. Pamberi abolition kuti serfdom muna 1761, nhamba serfs vakauya 70% of zvachose kwevanhu.

Smolensk dunhu akanga soro mwero non-isina munhu pakati pavanhu pamativi ose enyika Tsarist Russia. Kuno jendurumani paavhareji chakaita kuti inenge 60 serfs. Pakazopera remakore rechi19 muruwa Smolensk, paiva 13 dzemamongi, machechi 763 uye imwe nharaunda. Muzana vafundisi akanga 0,6% of nhamba yevanhu kugara. Smolensk dunhu sezvo rimwe miganhu chikwata vakaguma kuvapo muna 1929, uye nyika yacho yakanga yakatora kuna Western Region.

Industry and zvokurima munzvimbo

Nemisha Smolensk dunhu inozivikanwa unyanzvi tanners uye Varuki. Local vagari Anonyanyowanika aidaro mune zvokurima, kurimwa zviyo: rye, oats, Buckwheat, gorosi. In Rostislavskom County kukudziridzwa mapfunde mune vhoriyamu duku. In Vyazma uye Sychevsky mumaruwa kukudziridzwa hemp uye neshinda. The musha Tesovo Sychevskii dunhu aiva lnovodnaya yemapurisa. Weaving uye donje-Kukosa chigayo iri mumusha Yartsevo Duhovschinskogo County. In Rostislavskom County raishanda Matchbox nematehwe kugadzirwa. Kupararira sezvo kwaiva kugadzirwa kukanda sekristaro zvinhu uye dondo zvigadzirwa. Bielsko - tara uye chidhinha basa.

Smolensk dunhu inozivikanwa mapindu ayo. Ainyanya mubasa kurimwa siyana mhando maapuro, plums uye Pears. Maapuro vanotengeswa muMoscow. Asi hazvisi chete inozivikanwa kwayo kurima Smolensk province.

Smolensk County

nharaunda iyi inonyanya dzine vanhu vakawanda tichienzanisa nedzimwe nyika. Vomunzvimbo vakanga vainyanya zvokutengeserana ukama Lithuanians. Roslavl County ainyanya kuitwa zvokurima basa.

Chete pano ndokukura Buckwheat, bhari uye mapfunde. Wakatanga akasika Smolensk agrarian nzanga kuti kukura zvokurima. Paiva dzokuchengetera okurima michina uye zvokushandisa. It akabata zvibereko chaizvo sumo kutsiva gejo pagejo. The pfuti kugadzirwa nevanhu vatenzi vemo, kwete muduku fekitari mureza.

By 1880 954 mafekitari fekitari, ari kushanda mu Smolensk province. Mumakore akatevera gumi nemasere, nhamba zvigayo uye mafekitari yakawedzera muzvikamu zvisere. Zvikurukuru, tive uye uvandudze chizi fekitari, waiva kazhinji kumabvazuva mumaruwa enyika.

mhedziso

Panenge 1000 apfuura, zvakava pachena kuti chinobudirira kushanda hurumende inofanira kuva nokupesana mukati yaiona dzakabatana. Wekutanga magwaro ndeyemunguva X remakore AD. Princess Olga chakakamurwa Novgorod nyika kumakuva. Gare gare muna XV remakore, Ivan Grozny aiva mukuru weboka Novgorod ndima zvikamu. Pakutanga ari XVIII remakore, vakasuma pfungwa mapurovhinzi nemaruwa. Vakava zvikabva kuti kumatunhu nhasi nemaruwa.