Makwikwi mu Germany. Makwikwi mu Germany 1936

Kutangwazve Kwemitambo ano yeOlympic rwakaita basa rinokosha French AIRWIRA KODZERO, mudzidzisi Per De Kuberten. Munhoroondo richangopfuura, makwikwi okutanga yakaitwa muna 1896 muAtene. Kodzero naHama XI mutambo muna 1931 vakagamuchira Germany. Chaiva chiitiko chinokosha nokuda vokuGermany, izvo akacherekedza nyika radzokera nyika munharaunda pashure kukundwa vari World War First.

Brief Historical Background

Zvinofanira kutaura pakutanga kuti muGermany, nokuda zvikuru nokukurumidza kukura kare, pane haana kuchinja chikwata chete. Pamwe chete nemamwe inoti nyika muchirongwa chiitiko muAthens. Munyaya inotevera mana Olympic Games kubatanidzwa muGermany kwakaitika nekaupenyu zvakanaka. Asi gare gare zvinhu zvachinja. Muna 1920, kuti makwikwi Antwerp uye 1924 kuParis, vokuGermany havana akabvuma. Chikonzero chaiva unobvira the World War First. Zvishoma nani mamiriro ezvinhu ari interwar munguva. VokuGermany kugamuchira chete mukana kuitawo makwikwi, asiwo kuva vatenzi vavo. mitambo Summer vaiva muBerlin, chando - mugore iroro munyika Garmisch-Partenkirchen.

Summer Games muBerlin

The chisarudzo ichaitwa yeOlympic muna muNazi Germany, kwakasarudzwa muna 1931 - vaviri makore asati vaNazi vakauya simba. makwikwi International vokuGermany vakaedza kushandisa senzira anoparadzirwa. Maererano pfungwa dzavo, dzimwe vatambi pokuita mumitambo, anofanira kunge chisingakoshi ake. Asi izvi hazvina kuitika. 1936 Olympics muGermany, anowanzonzi "mitambo yose Owen." Ndicho ichi mutambi American akakwanisa kukunda ndarama mana uye akava anobudirira zvikuru mutambi ari makwikwi. hurumende Nazi, saka, vaifanira kubvuma tsika kukundwa. Kunyange zvakadaro, pasinei ose enyika vicissitudes, paiva zvakanaka nguva. Somuenzaniso, pakuvhurwa mitambo muBerlin, yatepfenyurwa vachirarama paterevhizheni.

Makwikwi akaita anoparadzirwa Nazism

Hurumende German achaita zvose yeOlympic muGermany aiva kuratidzwa nyika kubudirira, rakamwisa nyika pasi Hitler. Aitarisira zvose regadziriro mabasa Yozef Gebbels - Gurukota Anoparadzirwa. The yose nzira mitambo dzakawanda yakarongwa kubva zvakawanda uye yakashongedzwa isati yamboitwa kusvikira nguva akamboona. Hapana nguva vakanga akavaka zvivako kuti dzinoenderana ichangobva panguva hwokugadzira uye yokumhanya zvinodiwa, kusanganisira kusanganisira Berlin nhandare kusvika 100 zviuru. Vaiona. Accommodation zvevanhu-varume vakatakurwa inovakirwa mumwe Olympic musha. Zvinofanira kucherechedzwa, vakabva akava muenzaniso zvose nezveramangwana zvivako zvakadaro. The Olympic Village yave zvakanaka vakafunga kunze kwezvivako: pane Makiriniki, posvo, bhengi, konzati dzimba, sauna. Vatambi akaiswa kunze kwomusha, vakasununguka nemafurati. On Anti-oukuru anoparadzirwa yakamiswa panguva mitambo. Zvisinei, kuwedzera kune yeOlympic, mumigwagwa Berlin sezvo ganda uye vaishandisa zvadzinenge eNazi. Zvivako ose akare yave ichigadziriswa, guta vakauyisa zvizere murayiro.

Winter Olympics muGermany

Makwikwi rwaiitwa muna Garmisch-Partenkirchen. Zvinofanira kunzi guta rino Bavarian aoneka nemhaka yeOlympic. Rimwe gore asati ichi chinoshamisa chakanga kwemapazi nemisha maviri - Garmisch Partenkirchen. Nanhasi, guta yakakamurwa njanji uye zvakabatana kuburikidza chikamu chime uye motokari tunnels vanopfuura pasi njanji. Makwikwi kuGermany 1940 aigona kutora nzvimbo ikoko pamwe. Asi mitambo vakanga akadzima nokuda nokutambudzika Second World War.

Boycott pamusoro International makwikwi

The pakudzorwa pamusoro dzematongerwe Nazi, ari abolition dzevagari rusununguko uye kodzero, kutambudzwa noutsinye munzanga democrats, vaKomonisiti uye zvimwe vaitsoropodza, uyewo Anti-oukuru mitemo zvakasiya hapana mubvunzo okudzvinyirira hunhu uye nehasha, musaruraganda hunhu nehurumende Hitler. Vachishingaira kuenda kuvakwa yevasungwa, vaviri iyo - muSachsenhausen (pedyo Oranienburg) uye Dachau (pedyo Munich) akambomisa vasungwa. Pakazosvika 1935, negore repfumbamwe hurumende German iri kusuma kuhondo. Mauto yeNazi akapinda Rhineland (demilitarized panguva) March 7, 1936. chiitiko ichi vanoshandiswa kutyora zviri Versailles Treaty. Muna June 1936, Paris vaipinda dzakawanda musangano. All vechikamu vakaziva kuti kunhaka yacho makwikwi ari mundima German riri kuchipesana misimboti mitambo pachavo. The musangano yakazopedzisira kundodana boycott. The International Olympic Committee, pakupindura chikumbiro chakatumirwa basa raikosha muBerlin. In dzinoongorora mamiriro ezvinhu, nyanzvi hadzina kuwana chinhu chero nzira zvinopesana Olympic dzemitemo.

pakafunuka makwikwi

Summer Olympics muGermany vaipinda 49 zvikwata. Unorudzi 4 zviuru vatambi, kusanganisira vakadzi vanopfuura 300 airwa 129 siyana Medals. Kudeuka chikwata Aimiririrwa Germany. Paiva 406 vatambi. Chechipiri pakukura vatori vechikamu aiva US chikwata pamwe 312 vatambi. VokuGermany akatora chikamu ose makwikwi. Adzikamise voruzhinji vari chikwata yaiva imwe poluevreyka - Helene Mayer, fencer. Iye akakunda Olympic nendarama 1928 uye muna 1932 vakatamira kuUnited States. Asi panguva Games muBerlin, akaita senhengo chikwata German. Mushure makwikwi, Mayer akadzokera kuUnited States, uye sekuru vake, vaNazi akatuma kumusasa wevasungwa, apo akafa ari gasi mukamuri. Summer Olympics muGermany 1936 rakaitirwa pasina kutora chikamu Soviet Union. Panguva makwikwi akanga akapindwa vanhu vanenge mamiriyoni matatu muBerlin, kusanganisira anenge vashanyi mamiriyoni maviri kubva kunyika dzakasiyana. Maererano nokufungidzira siyana nzira inotevera guru mitambo mamiriyoni 300. Man. Summer Olympics muGermany, sezvo yave akati, razova yokutanga munhoroondo dzakawanda makwikwi, dzakanga kutepfenyura ngaararame. In Berlin, ivo sefa huru (zvachose 25) vakanga yakaiswa kubatana kuona mitambo.

semadzangaradzimu Goebbels

Vose vaiuya 1936 kuna Berlin, kusanganisira venhau vakawanda, uyo aimiririra nhau yose, akaona Nazi Germany ane rugare, ramangwana, vachifara nyika, vanhu vanoda Hitler. Uye Anti-oukuru nepasipo, zvakanyorwa zvakawanda munyika reThe sokuti ingano. Zvino paiva zvishoma venhau anonzwisisa uyo akaona zvose farce ichi. Saka, Somuenzaniso, zvakanga Uilyam Shirer - American wenhau uye gare gare inozivikanwa wenhoroondo. Mazuva mashoma mushure mutambo, akanyora kuti Berlin anopenya Waingova France kuvanda kuseri rinodzvinyirira, musaruraganda mhosva utongi. Kana yeOlympic muGermany 1936 yapera, Hitler akaramba dzika kwavo utsinye urongwa kuwedzera German, vakanga kuvandudzwa udzvinyiriri uye kutambudzwa vaJudha. Uye muna 1939, rokutanga September, "rugare uye ushamwari" varongi mitambo dzakawanda vakatanga 2 nd it hondo yenyika, iyo makumi emamiriyoni evanhu zvakaurayiwa.

Results of makwikwi

Standout mitambo iri nhamba Medals dzakakundwa chaiva chikwata German. vakwikwidzi German akatora 89 Medals, kusanganisira goridhe - 33 sirivha - 26 endarira - 30. The akanakisisa chikwata kwave kuzivikanwa Conrad Fry - jimunasiti. Akakunda imwe yesirivha, matatu goridhe uye Medals maviri zvendarira. Maererano zhinji dzekare, anobudirira chokupika Germany Vamhanyi nokuda kushandisa chakaita zvokugadzirwa testosterone, iyo yakatanga muna 1935. Panzvimbo yechipiri muna dzakawanda makwikwi aiva chikwata American. Vatambi kubva kuUnited States vakakunda 56 Medals: endarira 12 sirivha - nendarama 20 - munharaunda 24. The nyika rakayeukwa kwenguva refu span, iyo vaipinda yeOlympic muGermany. 1938 kwaiva uchapupu wokutanga. April 20 (rokuberekwa aHitler) pamusoro sefa ari muvhidhiyo akasunungurwa, "Olympia". usiku yakatanga yakatsaurirwa kuna International Games muBerlin. Akatungamirira firimu Leni Refenshtal. The "Olympia" rakatangwa dzakawanda firimu zvinokonzerwa, kutungamirira uye opareta mitoo dzakazova kushandisa basa ravo uye zvimwe kinozhanrov muuki. Pasinei nokuti "Olympia" runoonekwa nyanzvi dzakawanda yakanakisisa tepi mutambo, kana iwe kuona zvinofanira kuzivikanwa kuti yose firimu raiva rudzi "rumbo" sangano Nazi uye Hitler pachake.