Bulgakov rufu chifukidzo, chinokonzera rufu rwake

Mihail Afanasevich Bulgakov aiva mumwe inonyanya kuverenga, vokurukura uye iye anoyeuka XX remakore. basa, upenyu hwake pachake uye kunyange rufu vari nechimwe zvakavanzika uye ngano, uye yokufungidzira "Tenzi Margarita" akanyora zita musiki rayo nemabhii yendarama nemabhuku emabasa Russian uye nyika mabhuku. Asi chakavanzika anogara wakafukidza ake munhu, uye mubvunzo: "Sei Bulgakov akaita rufu chifukidzo?" Uye haana zvakakwana pachena.

Zvamuipira

Zvino zita kwemiromo Bulgakov, asi kwaiva nguva, apo mabasa ake akanga asina rakabudiswa, uye akanga pasi pedyo zvokuongorora nezviremera uye bato mhanya vatsigiri. Izvi zvose kunetsa uye kunogumbura kuti munyori, pashure zvose aifanira kuramba takarinda kuitira kupa pave kungotaura uye zvaaitaura. upenyu Bulgakov kwakaita kumbova nyore - kana panguva oparesheni chiremba kana sezvo muvambi dambe, kana somunhu novelist. Asi pakupedzisira rupawo - Bulgakov kwakaita posthumous chifukidzo - kunoratidza kuti munzanga, uye kupfuura zvose nesimba, aikoshesa tarenda rake.

upenyu Personal

Bulgakov akaberekwa May 3, 1891 mumhuri yakakura. Aiva mwana mukuru, kuwedzera pakuri, vabereki vakanga mbiri hama nehanzvadzi mana. Paaiva manomwe, baba vake akaburuka nephrosclerosis uye akafa.

zvesekondari kugamuchirwa zvakanaka Michael Kiev jimunasiyamu, asi kunyanya haana anoshingaira. Izvi hazvina kutadzisa jaya akapinda Medical mano Imperial University. Just panguva iyoyo hondo 1914-1918., Uye dzidzo kwakaitika muchiuto mumunda. Panguva iyoyowo, akasangana mudzimai wake weramangwana, Tatyanoy Lappoy, mumwe musikana yechipikirwa-gore gumi nemashanu. Vakanga vasina bvisai zvose muwadhiropu, uye apo Bulgakov aiva sophomore, takaroorana.

The War World First

Chiitiko ichi kare kwakaita hapana schism ari chakayerwa upenyu vechiduku vaviri. Vakaita zvose pamwe chete. Tatiana akaenda nomurume pamberi-mutsetse zvipatara, akaronga kufambira zvinhu uye rubatsiro vakatambudzwa, achishingaira muchirongwa basa somukoti uye mubatsiri. Bulgakov akapiwa zvokurapa dhigirii, ari pamberi. Muna March 1916, munyori ramangwana wakasuduruka kuti shure, uye vari yakaitwa muna Smolensk mudunhu, kushandisa mishonga nzvimbo. Ikoko, kutanga kwake okurapa pamutemo. Pairi unogona kuverenga nyaya "Notes chiremba wechiduku" uye "Morphine".

kujairira

Muzhizha 1917, vachiita mwana tracheotomy vachirwara diphtheria, Mr Mikhail aifunga kubata, uye kuzvidzivirira chiito ushandiswe morphine pachayo kuderedza kuvaviwa uye marwadzo. Kuziva kuti mushonga uri muropa, akaramba achitora uye pakupedzisira akava zvachose "murwere" yako. Mukadzi wake Tatiana lappa yavasingazoshiviriri mamiriro ezvinhu aya uye, pamwe chete I. P. Voskresenskim aigona kubvisa akanyora tsika iyi. Asi kubva wezvokurapa basa aitarisira sezvo morphinism vaiona chirwere chisingarapiki. Gare gare, une kukurira tsika, akakwanisa kutanga muitiro voga. Izvi zvakanga panzira, muKiev uye aro kwaiva nokurwa, simba iri dzichichinja, uye kudiwa akadzidziswa kurapwa. nguva ino zvinoratidzwa "White Guard" yokufungidzira. Pane kuonekwa kwete vemungano vatambi, asi nhengo dzemhuri yake; hanzvadzi, tsano.

North eCaucasus

Muchando cha1919 Bulgakov vanounganidzwa zvakare muchiuto sei kuwanazve Vladikavkaz uye. Hoyo kugara, zvichikonzera wake teregiramu, uye anoramba kubatwa. Zvematongerwo pakuvhiya echiuto, zvinobatsira vomunzvimbo, anonyora nyaya. Kumboda inorondedzera "uchinzvera" ake, anogara kujairika kurongwa. Muna 1920, pamwe mushonga zvakanga pamusoro nokusingaperi. Kwaiva chitsva rinokosha muupenyu - venhau uye vanonzi Genres zviduku (nyaya, enganonyorwa), izvo zvakatobudiswa dzeko mapepanhau ari North eCaucasus. Bulgakov aida mukurumbira, asi mukadzi wake haasi kucheka pezvaaishuva. Vakabva vatanga yakawiriranwa kumbozorora. Asi kana mumwe munyori anova vachirwara typhus, mudzimai akamurera masikati nousiku, agere pedyo pamubhedha. Pashure kupora kwake, aifanira vajaire murayiro mutsva, sezvo Vladikavkaz akauya simba yeSoviet.

yakaoma

The maviri wekupedzisira remakore yaiva mhuri Bulgakovs zvakaoma. Taifanira awane chouviri yake kuramba daily basa. Izvi kunetesa zvikuru munyori, haana kumupa fema nyore. Panguva iyi akatanga kunyora "zvokutengeserana" mabhuku, kunyanya anotamba kuti aida uye vaiona kukodzera kunzi unyanzvi. Gare gare, akavarayira zvose kupisa.

simba Soviet kuwedzera utongi hwechiFascist, vakanga vakatsoropodza kwete chigadzirwa, asiwo neapo disjointed mashoko kuti vakaunganidza vatsoropodzi. Sezvingatarisirwa, mumamiriro ezvinhu akadaro, zvakanga zvava kuoma kurarama, uye vaviri vakaenda kutanga Batum, uye ipapo muMoscow.

Moscow upenyu

Image Bulgakov vazhinji chokuita vatambi ake chete mabasa dzakwidzwa zvakaratidza upenyu pachahwo. Pavanotsiva akawanda Apartments, vaviri akagara mumba panguva Ul. Bolshaya Sadovaya 10, furati nhamba 50, immortalized mu yakakurumbira yokufungidzira kunoitwa nemunyori "Tenzi Margarita." Sezvo basa rakatanga zvakare zvinetso zvakachengetwa zvigadzirwa wakabudiswa makadhi, uye kuwana izvi zvinokosheswa zvidimbu zvemapepa zvave zvakaoma.

February 1, 1922 anofa amai Bulgakov. chiitiko ichi anova zvinotyisa akundwa kwaari, kunyanya okutuka kuti munyori kuti kunyange kuenda mariro, haana mukana. Makore maviri gare gare, pane wokupedzisira yokumbozorora pamwe Lappi. Pakazosvika nguva yokurambana yavo Bulgakov zvave chamupupuri dzorudo pamwe Love Belozerskaya, uyo akazova mudzimai wake wechipiri. Aiva mutambi, kubva kumusoro muvanhu mukadzi. Bulgakov kwakadaro akarota mudzimai emunyori, asi imba yakanga pfupi.

Perechistenskoe nguva

Kunouya nguva kutumbuka basa Bulgakov ari munyori uye munyori wemitambo. Mitambo ake akanga kufanorongwa, vateereri akasangana navo zvakanaka, upenyu nani. Asi panguva imwecheteyo, munyori anotora kufarira NKVD uye kuedza azvibaye kwaari asingaremekedzi kuti hurumende ano, kana kuipa. Sezvo ari cornucopia akadururira kurambidzwa: mabasa, kuti anodhinda nhau, paruzhinji. Zvadaro zvakare akauya kusava mari. Muna 1926, munyori kunyange vakadaidzwa kuzobvunzurudzwa. April 18 chete gore, yakakurumbira runhare kukurukura Stalin, rakachinja zvakare upenyu Bulgakov nokuda nani. Zvakatora mutungamiriri Moscow Art Theater.

MuNuremberg-Shilovskaya-Bulgakov

Zvakanga ipapo, panguva Moscow Art Theater, munyori akasangana mudzimai wake wechitatu, Elena Sergeevna. Pakutanga vaingove shamwari, asi ndakazoona kuti vakanga vasingagoni kurarama pasina mumwe, uye vakasarudza rokupisa munhu. Very refu uye kusingafadzi aiva Shilovskaya zororo nomurume wake wokutanga. Aiva nevana vaviri vakanga vakakamurwa pakati vawanani, uye pakarepo pashure Belozerskaya Bulgakov akapa kurambana, vakaroora vadiwa. Mukadzi uyu aiva mutsigiri chaiyo uye kutsigira kwaari mumakore yakaomesesa hwake. Pandaishanda pamusoro yakakurumbira itsva munguva chirwere.

"Tenzi Margarita" uye okupedzisira makore

Basa riri nechepakati yokufungidzira zvakazara vatora munyori, iye akamupa yakawanda hanya uye nesimba. Muna 1928, chete pfungwa bhuku akazviratidza muna 1930, yakabudiswa ubate izvo aenda kuburikidza zvinonyatsooneka zvakakodzera kuitira kuti vakaona chiedza rugwaro tose rangarira, zvimwe mwoyo. Vamwe mapeji akanga akakopwa kakawanda, uye makore okupedzisira oupenyu Bulgakov vaiva vakabatikana fora kuti vakagadzirira nezvimedu uye nadiktovyvaniem "kumugumo" Bhaibheri Elena Sergeevna.

Asi dramaturgical basa harisi simbe mumakore ake okupedzisira Bulgakov. Anoisa kutamba kunobva mabasa kufarira vanyori - Gogol uye Pushkin, anonyora, "patafura". Alexander aiva nyanduri chete vaida munyori. Umwe wevakange manhamba kubva rakanga akabvisa rufu chifukidzo. Bulgakov akashanyira pfungwa chinoshamisa chepanzvimbo mabasa pamusoro Stalin, asi munyori mukuru zvakavhiringidza kuedza izvi.

Vava kuda rufu

September 10, 1939 munyori akarasikirwa chiratidzo pakarepo. Bulgakov (chinokonzera rufu rwababa vake - nephrosclerosis) inoti zvose zviratidzo chirwere ichi uye anouya mhedziso kuti aiva nechirwere chete. Nemhaka kuitwa wake pachipatara pacho kurapwa kuoma dzimwe nhengo dzomuviri zviratidzo taramuka. It kunyange unokubvumira kudzokera vakasiya basa, asi kwete kwenguva refu.

Date rufu Bulgakov - March 10, 1940, makumi maviri nemashanu ari masikati. Akapinda imwe nyika, stoically achitsungirira ose marwadzo uye kutambura. Kusiya akapfuma hwokudhirowa nhaka. Chakavanzika rufu Mikhail Bulgakov uye haana muchivande zvachose: yematambudziko nephrosclerosis akamuuraya sababa vake. Aiziva kuti painoguma. Ichokwadi, hapana aigona kutaura chaizvo kana zvichaitika varombo chiitiko apo Bulgakov kufa. Chinokonzera rufu kwakanga pachena, asi zvakadini anokwanisa kuchengetedza upenyu - kwete.

Yemariro uye mariro kwakaitika kwazvo kwazvo. By tsika, mumwe munyori anotarisana rufu chifukidzo chabviswa. Bulgakov kwakasarudzwa kuti cremated, sezvaanoda. At yemariro akauya mamwe masoja Bulgakov vanyori, vatinoshanda kubva Moscow Art Theater, nhengo Union of Writers. Ndakadana kunyange munyori Stalin, uye zvino epitaph guru yakabudiswa "pepanhau mabhuku". Iye akavigwa Novodevichy kumakuva, pedo makuva Chekhov.

Kana hanya mubvunzo: "rufu kunge Bulgakov aripiko," zvino mhinduro iri nyore: nokuti akapora kune chete posthumous anowisira ari miziyamu. Zvadaro, sezvinoita chivezwa akaita chete aakatipa zviitiko kuti inotaura kuremekedza uye kuremekedza Bulgakov sezvo unyanzvi munyori, pasinei nezvinetso hwake. Kuda munyori haachipo, vakasagona kuva pfungwa, izvo zvaizoita kuti zvinhu zvimire kuva rufu chifukidzo. Bulgakov haana aidaro simbe foppery, kunyanya iri mhando. Capture iyoyo akasarudza vamwe vake.