Achishandisa mashoko ari mabhuku. Enzaniso hyperbola, kuenzanisa

Achishandisa mashoko ari mabhuku nenzira yakasiyana inonzi rokuti "mudungwe munzira". Trop chinhu isina mhinduro mufananidzo, mashoko kana shoko rinoshandiswa mupfungwa yokufananidzira, kuitira kuti kuwedzera zvinoyevedza okuti, mutauro wokufananidzira. Mhando dzakasiyana-siyana izvi mukufambisira mabhuku mabasa anoshandiswa nevakawanda, vari kushandiswa pakutaura kwezuva nezuva uye paruzhinji. Huru marudzi zvinosanganisira tropes, zvakadai somunhu hyperbola, epithet metonymy kuenzanisa dimikira synecdoche, ndyaringo, litotes, kupfupikisa, kutevedzera, madimikira. Nhasi tichataura pamusoro anotevera nzira nhatu: nokuenzanisa, gudziramukanwa uye dimikira. Neimwe nzira mashoko achaita kutaura pamusoro vanotaurwa mabhuku kukurukurwa zvakadzama.

Dimikira: kuongorora

Shoko "Dimikira" rinoreva "rinoreva rokufananidzira", "chinja". Mutsara uyu kana shoko, iro rinoshandiswa nenzira isina kunanga kukosha, kwakavakirwa nzira iyi ndiyo nyaya kuenzanisa (nezita) pamwe mumwe zvakafanana. zvakakurumbira. Ndizvo dimikira - chirungamutauro randinogara kushandisa mashoko uye mashoko mupfungwa yokufananidzira pamusana kuenzanisa, kufanana, fananidzo.

In gwara ichi ndedzinotevera 4 zvinhu: akapoteredza kana chikamu; anoramba mukati chikamu wakapiwa; neurongwa iyo chinhu anoita yakananga basa; Chikumbiro romutoo mamwe mamiriro ezvinhu kana kuyambuka pavo.

Dimikira iri leksikologii - munhu kupindirana kwemuvanzrira wezvirevo nemabviro ukama huripo pakati mamwe tsika polysemantic mashoko, iyo yakavakirwa pamberi zvakafanana (chadzo, kwokunze STRUCTURAL). Kazhinji ichi anova trope somunhu aesthetic mugumo pacharo, nokudaro displacing yepakutanga, zvinoreva pfungwa yepakutanga.

marudzi okufananidzira

Kusiyanisa zviri ano pfungwa, iyo inorondedzera enzaniso, marudzi anotevera zviviri: diaphora (kureva musiyano, rakapinza dimikira), uye epiphora (vakadzima, senguva).

MuAtlantic enzaniso rinoitwa nguva rose shoko rose kana chikuru chaenga. Muenzaniso anogona kupiwa sezvinotevera: "Hapana bhuku nzara: kuwedzera stale dzokai kunze zvigadzirwa pamwe bhuku musika - vanofanirwa kuraswa pakarepo, pasina kuedza."

Panewo vanonzi vakaona Enzaniso kunosanganisira kuchinja mashoko pasina panyaya ayo yokufananidzira hunhu. Nemamwe mashoko, sokunge vaiva nekodzero zvinoreva fananidzo. Mugumisiro Implementation iri kazhinji enyambo. Muenzaniso: "Iye akanga agumbuka uye vakapinda chitima."

Madimikira ari unyanzvi hwokutaura

In paumbwe dzakasiyana-siyana zvinoyevedza madimikira zvinoita basa rinokosha, sezvo isu kare ambotaurwa, ichirondedzera nzira, iyo associative Links pakati siyana zvinhu. Madimikira senzira mashoko mumabhuku kuwedzera kunzwisisa kwedu vanotyora "inonzwisisika" uye automatism chokurondedzera.

In unyanzvi kutaura uye mutauro anotevera yokutevedzera maviri, izvo akaumba vakaita mudungwe munzira. At moyo wokutanga vavo muenzaniso kana kuchangamuka. Yechipiri inobva reification. Madimikira (Mashoko uye zvirevo) vakasikwa muenzaniso rokutanga, rinonzi chinotaura. Mienzaniso: "chando vakasungwa mugungwa", "chando ndiye", "gore akaita yakadzikiswa ne," "rukova Zara," "manzwiro uchabvuruvara", "nguva akamira", ". Wakaparadza kubhoekana) Pane dziri rinosanganisa enzaniso (" Deep kusuruvara "," simbi chido "," mudzi wezvakaipa zvose "," murazvo "," ruoko wematambudziko ").

Language uye munhu akasiyana panzira ichi senzira okuti mumabhuku anogara aripo unyanzvi kutaura. Vopa mufananidzo chorugwaro. Ndichiverenga zvigadzirwa siyana, kunyanya nhetembo vanofanira kunyatsoongorora kuongorora chii kunyorwa dimikira. anoshandiswa nemarudzi azvo akasiyana zvikuru, kana hachishandi vanotsvaka kutaura kuzviitira, pachake mafungiro kuupenyu, kuchinja nyika yakatipoteredza creatively. Somuenzaniso, mune rudo nemabasa chaicho enzaniso akaratidza mafungiro emunyori kumunhu uye nenyika. In kwouzivi uye mupfungwa mashoko, kusanganisira zvinhu sezvazviri, muhwezva ichi rinokosha senzira kuziva siyana zvakaitika, uyewo kuratidza pfungwa ouzivi vamwe vadetembi.

Mienzaniso madimikira kunoita nyanduri dzenhoroondo

At AS Pushkin Somuenzaniso, pane zvinotevera dimikira: "sneaks mwedzi", "glades akasuwa", "Kurota ruzha," pauduku "rinokurudzira anoedza."

In M. Yu Lermontova:. "Anonzwa" mwari murenje, rinoti nyeredzi ane nyeredzi, "kuratidza hana," "kutsamwa pfungwa" kunyora Zvifambiso.

In FI Tiutchev yechando "kutsamwa" Spring "tichigogodza 'pahwindo," hope "Twilight.

Madimikira uye zvifananidzo vatambi

Uyewo, enzaniso zvinogona hwaro dzakasiyana-siyana evanhu mifananidzo. In Lermontov Somuenzaniso, ivo vanoumba mifananidzo yakadai, zviratidzo zvakadai se "muchindwe" uye "Pine" ( "Munguva Wild North ..."), "nechikepe" (detembo zvakafanana zita). Zvazvinoreva - mune dimikira kufananidza nemipaini nechikepe vakasurukirwa munhu ari kutsvaka kwavo nzira muupenyu, kutambura kana inopandukira, takatakura mutoro kusurukirwa kwake. Madimikira ndiwo hwaro enhetembo vatambi vakasikwa nhetembo nezvimwe Symbolists zhinji.

Kuenzanisa: tsananguro

Tikaenzanisa - muhwezva ichi, icho inobva kuitwa zvimwe Chiitiko kana zvimwe chinhu pahwaro zvimwe zvakafanana chinhu. Chinangwa vakadzinganiswa ichi zvinoreva rwekutaura, - kuziva chinhu ichi chinokosha, zvitsva nyaya yehurukuro dzakasiyana zvivako.

Govera Kuenzanisa: kuenzanisa chinhu (yainzi chinhu kuenzanisa), chinhu (kuenzanisa zvinoreva) izvo Mapping ichi kunoitika asiwo nevakawanda chiratidzo (kuenzaniswa, zvakasiyana - "kuenzanisa chawo"). Mumwe chinosiyanisa zviri muhwezva iri kutaurwa pamusoro kuti, uye pamusoro pezvimwe zvinhu akaenzanisa, nevakawanda chiratidzo Saka akaratidza hakusi zvakakodzera. Zvinofanira kusiyaniswa kubva fananidzo madimikira.

muhwezva Izvi runozivisa ngano.

Mhando enzaniso

mhando dzakasiyana enzaniso dziripo. Izvi unoumba muchimiro okufananidza turnover, izvo chakaumbwa mibatanidzwa "zvakarurama," "akafanana," "kana", "sei". Muenzaniso: "Iye ibenzi, segwai, asi rokunyengedza kufanana hero." Kunewo asyndetic kuenzanisa, izvo vaitaura ane aizviti kumiririra Predicate. A yakakurumbira muenzaniso: "Imba yangu - nhare yangu." Inoumbwa pazita iri kushandiswa paku mhosva - ". Iye anoenda vanofamba Pamativi" Somuenzaniso, Kune vachiramba: "The kuedza - kwete rokupisa."

Kuenzanisa mabhuku

Enzanisa ave nzira zvinowanzoshandiswa unyanzvi kutaura. With rinoratidza kufanana, correspondences, zvakafanana pakati vanhu, avo upenyu uye zvakasikwa. Enzanisa, saka, sezvo vakanga vari unocherekedza shamwari siyana kuti simukai kubva munyori.

Kazhinji, muhwezva uyu associative siyana, izvo zvinodiwa kuti kuratidza mufananidzo. Somuenzaniso, muna nhetembo "To Gungwa", rakanyorwa Aleksandrom Sergeevichem Pushkinym, gungwa ndiye munyori nhamba shamwari ne "geniuses" (Byron uye Napoleon), uye murume zvachose. Ivo enshrined nemienzaniso siyana. Unotibatsira ruzha gungwa, nako nyanduri inoti bhayibhayi ne "dzokuchema" vakan'un'una, shamwari, "kudana" iri kuonekana ake awa. The nyanduri Byron ari munhu anoona chete unhu varipo mu "vakasununguka ndima": kudzama, simba, indomitable, moodiness. Kunenge kuti Byron negungwa - zvisikwa maviri chete hunhu: rusununguko-rudo, vanozvikudza, irrepressible, rwokuzvarwa, simba kwake.

Tikaenzanisa mu zvavo nhetembo

In the folk nhetembo zvaishandiswa zvikuru nemishonga mienzaniso zvinomiririra kuenzanisa vane kuvimba tsika inoshandiswa mune zvimwe zvinhu. Havasi munhu, uye akatorwa wemari acho muimbi uye storyteller. Zvinonzi zvakaumbwa muenzaniso kuti inogona nyore kuburitswa mu zvakakodzera mamiriro ezvinhu. Chokwadi, vanyanduri, izvo kwakavakirwa ngano mumabasa ake vanoshandisa yakagadzikana kuenzanisa kwakadaro. MY Lermontov Somuenzaniso, mu ake "Rwiyo Merchant Kalashnikov" anonyora kuti mambo akatarira kumusoro kudenga "sezvinoita gondo" pamusoro vachena mapapiro kuti "Young njivavarungu".

Gudziramukanwa: Definition

Shoko "gudziramukanwa" muna Russian - iri izwi rinoreva kuti shanduro "Kuwedzeredza", "yemuraudzo", "pamusoro", "iitike". Uyu munhu manyorero mufananidzo, inova kuwedzeredza nemaune uye pachena kuti dzikurukure expressiveness uye kusimbisa imwe pfungwa. Somuenzaniso: "Tine zvokudya zvakakwana kwemwedzi mitanhatu," "ndakatoiverenga akati chiuru nguva kuti".

Gudziramukanwa rinonyanya kubatanidzwa nemamwe siyana manyorero mano, izvo zvinopa yakakodzera ruvara. Zviri dimikira ( "makomo akamuka kuzunguzira") uye hyperbolic kuenzanisa. Anoratidza mamiriro ezvinhu kana kuti mutambi anogona kuva hyperbolic. Properties kuti vakaita mudungwe munzira sezvo paruzhinji, isina mhinduro manyorerwo rakashandiswa pano sezvo pathetic kugamuchirwa uye kudanana apo kuonana Zvinoshamisa nechido.

Mienzaniso kuti vanoshandisa gudziramukanwa mumutauro wokuRussia - zviri mashoko uye idioms ( "mheni kutsanya", "Kutsanya, semheni," "Gungwa misodzi", etc.). The enumeration iri refu.

Gudziramukanwa mumabhuku

Gudziramukanwa mundima uye prose ndechimwe chezvinhu yekare zvinoyevedza nzira kutaura. Artistic zviri muhwezva ichi vazhinji uye zvakasiyana-siyana. Mabhuku gudziramukanwa chinodiwa kunyanya kuratidza zvimwe aakatipa unhu kana zvivako zvevanhu, zviitiko, zvakasikwa, zvinhu. Somuenzaniso, mashoko asina hunhu ruzivo, kudanana gamba, kunosimbiswa kuburikidza muhwezva ichi: simba jaya owana vakarwisana ingwe wakaenzana somukwikwidzi simba ichi chikara.

ehupfumi gudziramukanwa

Gudziramukanwa, vane, epithet nezvimwe mudungwe munzira vanowanzotevedzera atambudzwe vaverengi. Zvinoumba gudziramukanwa pakuti vanomanikidza nesu kutora itsva Kutarira anoratidzwa, kureva, kunzwa kukosha kwayo uye rinokosha. Kukuvadza miganhu kutendeseka hwasimbiswa, kupa vanhu, mhuka, zvinhu, zvakasikwa "anoshamisa" tinazvo remweya ehupfumi, nzira inoshandiswa vanyori siyana, anosimbisa zvetsika zvinoyevedza nyika akasikwa nevanyori. Kujekesa gudziramukanwa uye mafungiro kuti musiki basa vanoratidzwa - idealization, "kukwirira" kana, Ukuwo, kusekwa, kuramba.

A rinokosha iri reDare vakaita mudungwe munzira mu mabasa satirical kukoshesa. The satires, ngano, epigrams vadetembi 19-20 remakore, uyewo ari satirical "Chronicle" Saltykov-Shchedrin ( "Story a City") uye ake rengano, mune satirical yokufungidzira "Mwoyo Dog" by Bulgakov. The kwekuva mutambo wa Mayakovsky "Bath" uye "Bug" unyanzvi gudziramukanwa anoratidza kusava nomusoro vacho uye zviitiko, ichijekesa upenzi hwavo uye uipi, kutaura sezvinoita caricature kana caricatured mufananidzo.