Writer Leonid Maksimovich Mazura: Biography, inobudisa zvitsva uye zvinonakidza zvinhu

Patsika dzedu nayo rinorondedzerwa nzvimbo yake pakarepo - Russian chaiwo munyori, akawana ari mabhuku mumagariro nouzivi negwara. Ndiani iye? Leonid Maksimovich Mazura. okugadzira zvinhu wake chinoumbwa nezvinhu zvakawanda uye mnogoproblemno. Akanyora nemamiriro mugovanisi vanhu, akaratidza maonero ake pamusoro ichi, rinooneka akamutsa zvinetso vanhu, "pasi", akabata kunyange tarenda zvirongwa, akadai "kuoma nechando vanhu".

Brief Biography Leonida Maksimovicha Leonova. emunyori uduku

Akaberekwa Leonid Maximovich Mazura anouya panguva pakuguma XIX remakore - May 19, 1899. Munyori akararama upenyu refu, akafa muna August 8, 1994 aine makore 95. Mazura akavigwa Novodevichy Cemetery.

Childhood Leonid wakaitirwa muMoscow. baba vake - Bamba Mazura (yezvinongoerekana) aiva nyanduri uye kuzvidzora vakadzidzisa, nhengo "Surikov" mimhanzi-mabhuku denderedzwa. Iye pachake aiva womunyika Kaluga dunhu, musha Polukhino.

Bamba Leonovich akasika rokubudisa imba yake muMoscow. Zvinhu vachienda zvakanaka, akazarura chitoro chake uye akanga akapfuma kwazvo murume. In Imperial nguva Bamba Goremyka 17 nguva kusungirwa pakuparadzira vakasiya mabhuku uye pakupedzisira kuutapwa Arkhangelsk, apo akagadzirisa. Akafa muna 1929. mhuri yake, akabva Moscow, uye Leonid Maksimovic tisina baba. chipangamazano wake mukuru aiva sekuru wangu Leon Leonovich Mazura. Ndiye vakaroverera kuda mukomana pakunamata uye kare mabhuku. Mumakore gumi iye kudzidza Leonid Petrovsky-Myasnitskaya chikoro guta. Iye ndanyoresa kudzidza panguva yechitatu Moscow jimunasiyamu.

Arkhangelsk

Nepo pachikoro, Mazura akaenda pazororo rake baba Arkhangelsk, apo akanga mupepeti pepanhau "Northern mangwanani." Muna 1915 akauya racho Ndima yokutanga Mazura Leonid Maksimovic. Uyewo baba zvakamubatsira kubudisa siyana essays, unyanzvi uye mitambo wongororo. Vakanga vakasimba kuti haana baba vake nacho mimwe kunyorwa mwanakomana wake. Zvakaitika yokutanga munyori wacho saka akasvika. nhetembo yake yokutanga munyori anonzi "yepakutanga mharidzo manzwi, Tuning mbira," vakanga zvikurukuru chemufananidzo.

Paaiita zvidzidzo zvake panguva jimunasiyamu Leonid Maksimovich Mazura akanyora nyaya "Valin mudhori", uyewo rungano "Mambo uye Athos." Mazura sekondari muna 1918 aine sirivha menduru uye pakarepo vakaenda Ngirozi Huru kuna baba vake. Pane vechiduku munyori kushanda mumabhuku e "North zuva", "Northern mangwanani." Pane chiri vakasungira kuziva yokutanga pamwe "vadetembi okumusoro" - Shergin munyori, mifananidzo Pisahova. Vakabatsira kuzarura nyika jaya Russian tsika, icon Russ yakakura, isina kumbobatwa mhandara zvisikwa.

Basa iri Red Army

In Leonid akadzidza kwechinguva pfupi University of Moscow, zvirongwa zvake zvose akatyora Civil War. Biography kumunyori mukuru Leonid Mazura rine mashoko kuti jaya muna 1920, nokuzvidira akabatana Red Army uye muDare Southern Front. Training kunoitika panguva atirari School, muchirongwa hondo, raiva dzomupepanhau nechemberi, akashanda mumabhuku zvechiuto. Akava munyori kuti "Red Warrior" yakabudiswa. Military ainziwo Mazura - Bamba Laptev, Lapot. Iye muchiuto muna 1921, uye akatanga zvakakomba kunyora.

kuva munyori

Back muMoscow, Leonid Maksimovich Mazura nenyanzvi mubasa munyori zvakaitika. mabasa ake akatanga arumbidza Bamba Gorky, uyo akasimbisa tarenda rejaya munyori, uye akafanotaura yemberi zvikuru kwaari. Vamwe vakaona nemabasa Leonova vamwe kuwadzana Dostoevsky werudzii musi Gorky akapindura kuti Mazura nemabasa havana avo "kuchema vakakuvadzwa," akacherechedza Fyodor Mikhailovich.

Leonid Maksimovich Mazura, vane nhetembo dzakabudiswa achiri muduku, akarwara mubasa prose. ngano yake "Buryga" yakabudiswa muna 1922, dzakaunganidzwa nyaya pfupi yakabudiswa muna 1923, achiteverwa ne yokufungidzira "Kuguma murume duku" uye "Petushihinsky kutsemuka."

The nganonyorwa "chamatebwe", "Mbavha"

Nokuda yokufungidzira "chamatebwe" (1924), munyori Leonid Mazura Maksimovic aikosheswa kuva munyori duku. Basa chakatsaurirwa kuna kumukira vanhuwo zvavo, vakanga vaipikisa hurumende yeSoviet kumavambo 20-ies wekupedzisira remakore. Kwakatangira murimi mudiki nezvokumukira munyori akamboona kwete chete munzvimbo utongi nzira yokutonga simba, kunyanya yemuraudzo-appropriation hurongwa, asiwo enhoroondo kuvavenga vanhuwo zvavo kuti dzomumaguta vagari. Kuchiva, pasi yokuva nemafashamo, iyo hwacho kuvavenga nemhomho yevanhu.

Mifananidzo vanhu, ndini ndakasika chaizvo, vatambi vanotsanangurwa pamwe zvakarurama mupfungwa uye nouzivi kukosha. Munguva yokufungidzira, munyori akanzwa tsitsi kushanda vanhu, uyo akafukidza asingabatsiri pamberi kuchinja kukuru muupenyu hwavo.

In basa rake "The Mbavha" (1927) Leonid Maksimovich Mazura kwakaratidza kare sezvinoita connoisseur wezvidzidzo dzevanhu. Asati kuti haana anoratidzwa mune mabasa dzidziso iyi inobva aya, "Mbavha" anoudza muverengi pamusoro unosuruvarisa kutapwa Mitya Vekshina. Vaimbove mumiririri, akaita akaverevedza kuti felon, pano rinosanganisa dambudziko rwose, mutambo kwomweya uye hana. Munguva yedu, tinogona nezvemabatiro chigadzirwa ndiye chaiye, zvino tinoziva sei nengozi simba, iyo akaenda "lumpen proletariat" uye akawira kubva pamusoro wayo. "Mbavha" wakaratidzwa panguva iyoyo vose dzi uye outs pakati unflattering arbiters nguva.

Mabasa 30s

The nganonyorwa "sot" (1930) akava zvibereko Soviet, apo akudzwa basa heroism yeSoviet vanhu, akarumbidzwa kuvakwa gutsaruzhinji uye kuchinja matsi Ruwa maindasitiri nzvimbo okutanga. Enganonyorwa "Skutarevsky" uye "Road kuna Ocean" anoratidzwa pamusoro mifananidzo kudzidza zvakaoma kugadzirisa pfungwa zvenyika yekare intelligentsia, avo vakasarudza kutora chikamu pakuberekwa kutsva kukuvara. Pano vanoratidzwa rakapinza kirasi hondo iri dzinogarisana ichi. "Road kuna Ocean" anotsanangura kutapwa yeutongi - murongi, muzivi, mutungamiri anopa zvose pachake nokuda kuvaka communism.

dhurama

Mukupera 30 uye mangwanani 40-ies Mazura anoshanda zvikuru sezvo mumwe munyori wemitambo. Mitambo ake vari kudiwa kukuru. "Skutarevsky" (1934), "The Wolf", "Polovchanskie Gardens" (1938), "Vanhu Zvavo" (1941).

A mashoko mashoma Ndinoda kutaura pamusoro mutambo "Blizzard". It chatinokoshesa basa Leonova uye unobatwa kunonakidza zvinhu kubva upenyu munyori. In basa iri munyori anenge anosikwa mumhepo kutya uye kusavimbana anenge akabata nyika iri 30s. Vanotyisa blizzard snowstorm yakashatiswa zvose nzira kwayo mupenyu, tichikwanisa kuita. The Mhando zvenguva dzose magamba iyoyo akachinjwa mhiri kukudzwa, mubvakure waimiririra zvakanaka gamba, uye munun'una wake, mutungamiriri Soviet - kunaka.

Pakutanga, mutambo panzvimbo wepurovhinzi yemitambo. Asi ipapo rakarambidzwa uye kupomerwa "sezvo chinoronga klevetnichestvo yeSoviet chokwadi." Mazura vakatsoropodza zvakasimba muna Politburo, munyori aitya kuti aizova asungwa. Rehabilitated chigadzirwa chete muna 1962.

War. Hondo Yapera

Munguva yehondo, Leonid Maximovich akanga abviswa nevamwe vanyori Chistopol. Kakawanda sezvo dzomupepanhau akaenda mberi. Iye aishanda "News" uye "chokwadi." mabasa ake "Invasion" uye zvadaro "Lenushka" (1942-1943 gg.), akaratidza Feat vanhu vari kurwisa fascism, shungu kurasikirwa uye kukundwa, ushingi uye heroism. "Invasion" akanga paakavapa ari Stalin Prize. Interesting chokwadi: yose mari, uye rakanga 100 zviuru rubles, Mazura mumaoko Defense Fund. Nokuti izvo Akagamuchira kurumbidzwa rakanyorwa kubva Stalin.

Leonid Maksimovich Mazura, pfupi Biography chinopiwa pepa rino, aiva uchisaruta murume nguva yake. Pane zviri kutaurwa chete chikamu basa rake. Pashure pehondo, akaramba kunyora, kurera nyaya yacho zuva. Kwete kutaura pamusoro udzvanyiriri, ivo kulaks, vavengi vevanhu, ose munhu akanga achiedza kuwana ani, kuedza kusvika chokwadi. Kwete nguva dzose pamabasa ake dzakabudiswa, vamwe vakatourayiwa rarambidzwa muSoviet Union. Asi zvimwe fated munyori haana kurangwa zvakashinga okugadzira zvinhu yake, uye kunyange zvinokosha kuziva kuti kakawanda paakavapa siyana ehurumende mibayiro, aiva akakurumbira uye inonyatsozivikanwa munhu mudenderedzwa vakadzidza.

basa rake guru "Pyramid" rakabudiswa munyori konekwa pfupi asati afa, akanga achishanda pamunda ichi kwemakore 45. It Mazura akapfupikisa yose sezvazviri mabhuku okupedzisira remakore, mubereko kukabatanidzwa uye ingano, juxtaposed pamwe zvisingabviri zvichibvira, uye muchidimbu zvinhu uye ake ose.