Zaporizhzhya Cossacks

Zaporizhzhya Cossacks vakaungana muuto pamwe nguva kure zvikuru. Historical uchapupu hunoratidza richiwanika mumwe zviuru makore mazana mashanu. Vamwe dzinoitwa garo Sechi Zaporizhzhya vaiona kuti chiitiko Cossack akatanga tichibatanidza varimi kuparadza akavakirirwa mirairo. Maererano nedzimwe venhoroondo, hondo iyi akasikwa kubva Kozar, aigara Central Asia, uye Ukraine akaenda pamazuva Mongol-wechiTatar joko.

Varume mukirasi iyi hazvina kushanda, uye anopedzera nguva yake kuita musayenzi zvechiuto. Kubvira panguva kugarwa muUkraine, ivo vainzi Cossacks. Kumanikidza kushumira kujaira basa kuhondo ravarwi akava Polish uye Lithuanian magnates. Zviitiko izvi zvakaitika pashure kupambwa Ukraine. Zvisinei, Cossacks, kudzivisa rokumanikidzirwa, akarega panyika inogarwa. Vakasarudza nzvimbo Mangondo of Dnieper. Maererano nevanyori venhau dzakaitika, uye nokudaro paiva Zaporozhye Cossacks. Kuona Ushingi mauto, vokuPoland madzimambo akatanga kufurira navo kupinda pabasa. A zvakanaka akaberekerwa vamiririri vanoremekedzwa vezvikwata kwainzi kukudzwa kukuru kuva vatungamiri vakashinga mauto.

Arsenal Mauto yaiva pakati zvemberi zvombo nguva. Zaporizhzhya Cossacks vaiva pfuti uye howitzers, mumaturi uye mumaturi, samopaly uye pfuti, namapfumo, uye minondo, mapanga nemapanga, uta nemiseve. Izvi matongo uye nhoroondo nesayenzi akasimbisa uchapupu hombe chombo, dzaisarudzwa pakati pemarudzi ayo vakanga vachirwa. Zvisinei, chikuru nharungano Zaporozhye Cossacks akapa Saber.

Senzira vakashinga mauto akanga inifanduri, vatasvi vemabhiza uye atirari. Uwandu Cossacks nezvombo pakati gumi uye zviuru gumi nezviviri vanhu. Vapfumi chikwata kwagara vaiona vamabhiza. Raiva kupfuura muedzo simba kurwa unhu. The chikwata kwaisanganisira mauto uye mazana echiShinto. Panguva mishandirapamwe ari Cossacks akamira usiku mumusasa, yaiva iine kumativi dzakatevedzana ngoro, yakanamatira nengetani.

Kwainyanya mari yaiva Zaporozhye Sech mugodhi adzikinura panguva mishandirapamwe, uyewo hwekutengeserana, kutengeswa waini, muripo wakagamuchira kubva chokufambisa, uye yamambo uye yamambo muhoro. Part zvakanaka yakagamuchirwa muhondo, kupa tsika mukereke. Kurimwa yasara yakakamurwa zvakafanana, uye wake Ukrainian Cossack aigona kunwa kusvika sendi. Rinokosha rakawandisa anounganidzwa Sech vatengesi, vanopfuura Zaporozhye nyika. Variritire kwaisanganisirawo mutero pamusoro misha iri mukati miganhu mauto.

Feudal madzishe akatarira mupfungwa panguva vachisimbisa pokudzora Cossacks. Pashure pezvose, yakanga iri parutivi yavanomanikidzwa vanhuwo zvavo uye vaigona kuvabatsira. Feudal zvido vakanga kungogumira kugadzirisa dambudziko kuparadzwa Zaporizhzhya sich uye kuidzosera serfdom. Pakazopera regumi neshanu uye emakore okutanga nemitanhatu, yechiLatvian Polish magnates vaigona zvakakodzera munzvimbo huru munyika kungova Cossacks. Somugumisiro, muna 1648 kwebope yakagundika. Rakanga inotungamirwa Colonel Cossack Bohdan Khmelnytsky. Kwidza pasi utungamiriri hwake rapera kukunda.

Tichifunga guru nezvainoita sich Cossacks rweUkraine, nehondo dzakarwiwa munhu nedzenyu kurwisa, Peter I uye Hetman Mazepa. Zvisinei, Cossacks akatora parutivi Charles XII uye dzakarwiwa pamusoro mauto Russian vachirwa. Mushure kusaina chibvumirano Mazepa sungano yeSweden, Peter I vakauya kubatwa zviri regiments vatatu Zaporizhzhya sich. dambudziko kutsakatisa chawo nezvigadziko rioters kuiswa pamberi pavo. Muna May 1709 nhare chakabatwa zvachose uye kupiswa.

Wokupedzisira pfungwa njodzi Cossacks akaisa Catherine II. Muna August 1775 imwe Manifesto wakabudiswa nazvo, vakabvumira kuparadzwa sich wayo Attribution kuna Novorossiysk province.