Russian aiongorora Erofey Khabarov. Akasvinudza aiongorora?

Muna Trans-Baikal nharaunda, pakati expanses ose taiga, panova kuchiteshi Erofey Pavlovich. Havasi vanhu vose whizzing apfuura Kunoratidza vanofungidzira kuti muzita ayo, sezvo nezita rimwe remaguta makurusa kuFar East - Khabarovsk - zvakapfuudzira kuyeuka yakakurumbira Russian aiongorora nezita Erofey Khabarov. Kushamisa murume uyu uye chii makodzero ake? Heano mibvunzo uye achava nenyaya yedu kukurukura.

Pakutsvaka hunofadza mugove

Historical ruzivo pamusoro wake muduku ishoma chaizvo. Zvinozivikanwa kuti akaberekwa uye akamutswa muna Ustyug, uye richisvika makore vakura, ndokugara Solvychegorske, kwaakaramba pfungwa kugadzirwa munyu. Asi chii kana zvinhu chakakanganisika, kana muduku mukomana wakangosuruvara monotonous pfumbu ugaro, asi chete akakanda Erofei musha nzvimbo uye akaenda kunotsvaka kutsika, uye kana zvichiita, kunyange mufaro, munyika kure, nokuti "Stone Belt" - Great Urals.

Eya, mufaro uye kutaura, asi uchinzvera havana kutora nguva. Chokutanga, nezuva Yenisei, uye ipapo akafukidza taiga nemasango pamahombekombe Lena akatungamirira idzva Mugari hove Sable. Siberian mbava mhuka yakanga mutengo, uye kunovhima kuunza chikuru zvikuru chiri purofiti, asi agumburwa kudondo kuti munyu kiyi Habarov akatangazve ake zvatinosiita chinhu - yokubikisa munyu. Uyezve, akarima nehura kumahombekombe Mafuro uye vaiita kurima. Nyaya sokuti wechokwadi, nokuti hapana munhu aigona pasina chingwa uye munyu kuita ...

Dream, uyo akazvarwa ari mujeri

Zvisinei, munguva yemberi aiongorora Erofey Khabarov nguva kwakanga kwakaipa. Yakut gavhuna, kushandisa hwaivapo mumazuva iwayo, kusingadzoreki simba kubva kwaari uye nyika arable, uye kubika munyu, uye zvose kukohwa - matani zviuru zvitatu zvezviyo. Pakati murimi, uyo akaedza kudzivisa kuda kwake, akavanza mujeri, kwaaigara, uye pamwe chete boreal makororo nemhondi.

Asi nguva yaaipedza akapfigirwa, kwete pasina. Kubva cellmates dzavo - unyanzvi vanhu, inobva taiga uye pasi - akanzwa nyaya Amur munyika dzavo hariperi pfuma. Chii vaifungidzira mumazuva iwayo Erofey Khabarov kuti yakawanikwa kukurukura nevamwe vasungwa - hazvizivikanwi, asi vakabuda dzesango, akaparadza uye haana mweya nokuda nekobiri munhu noushingi raparurwa kuva apererwa vachida.

Vatsvakurudzi akatungamirira kukupfura

Panguva iyoyo, sezvinei, hachisi mutadzi yave Yakutsk. Ingave mujeri, kana akaenda ichiwedzera (kazhinji), asi nzvimbo yayo akagadzwa ave gavhuna mutsva Frantsbekov. Akava mukuru mukuru kutambura kubva kwete chete nokuda muhomwe dzenyu asiwo zvinofarirwa ehurumende, uye saka angobvuma kuti pfungwa Khabarova ugozvitumira pamwe Boka Cossacks pamahombekombe ari Amur River - wokuti Russia kundotsvaka nyika itsva uye manyuko mari muhomwe. Uyezve, mubati akarayira Yerofey sarudza zvakanaka vanhu kuti rwendo, uye kutungamirira kukupfura.

Panguva iyi, dambudziko rokutanga akatanga. Cossacks Vazhinji kumutadzisa nyaya satellites Poyarkova - Pathfinder, kutanga akashanya muna kuSiberia nyika yaigarwa Tungus, Daur, Akani uye mamwe yomusango taiga madzinza. ngozi yakanga yakanyanya rukuru, ukama kufamba. Kwidza Erofey Khabarov yakakanganiswa. tanetseka chaizvo chete, iye akakwanisa zvibodzwa vanhu makumi masere, akadai ushingiwo adventurers akafanana pachake.

Way kubva Yakutsk kuna Cupid

Voivod, vakangwara uye anoratidzwa murume, amurayiridza kwete chete kuunganidza vasangana nemadzinza mutero (zvakavakodzera muchimiro namatehwe emhuka inobereka mbava-), asi kuti kunyora rondedzero nyika itsva, uye Chikurukuru - kuaisa pamepu. Uye muzhizha 1649, pashure kushumira mutemberi yaMwari, uye akaropafadzwa yokuoneka munamato, yokuzviparadzanisa vachibva Yakutsk.

Muzana XVII remakore chete chokufambisa yenzira vaiva nzizi kweSiberia, saka rwendo Erofey Khabarov uye ake daredevils akatanga nepfungwa yokuti, zvinofamba akakwidza Lena River, vakasvika muromo guru reko rechibharo - Olyokma River. Kukunda kwayo kutsanya ruchiyerera Mangondo dzakawanda Cossacks mukupera kwematsutso asvika mumwe taiga rwizi - Tugira iro egungwa uye muchando.

Muna January, rwendo rwacho mberi. Kufambira kuburikidza musinou uye akakwevera vachikweva sledges vakaremerwa zvikepe uye zvimwe zvose yesangano, rwendo akakunda The nomuzongoza. Vanhu vaiva vanyatsoneta, sezvo mhepo yakasimba uye blizzards kudziviswa gondo mutoro materu. Asi, kamwe pakatarisana rutivi muhomba, Khabarov nebato ravo aburukira pamusoro Urke rwizi, yakasvika kwavaienda - the Amur.

Musangano wokutanga nevagari taiga

More kwenzira yake Cossacks akasangana panguva kugarwa vomunharaunda vagari - Dauria. Vaiva nhare chaiwo, yakapoteredzwa mapango masvingo uye akanyudzwa ne moats. Zvisinei, kuti vose ndechokuti vakanga dongo. Vagari avo vakatiza, akatya nokuda kusvika pakati Cossacks.

Nokukurumidza pashure musangano wokutanga nomuchinda yeko. Pairi tichitarisira Khabarov. Erofey Pavlovich kuburikidza nomuturikiri kuudzwa chinangwa kusvika yokuzviparadzanisa uye aida anorenda nokuparura basa. shamwari yake Akagutsurira musoro wake pakutanga, asi zvinodiwa kubhadhara mutero chezvipo akasangana ruvengo uye, nehasha kutarisa Khabarova kuruboshwe.

Kusimbisa Cossack yokuzviparadzanisa

Mugore iroro Habarov pasina yokuzogumbura chiduku boka kuenda zvakadzika kudondo, akadzokera Yakutsk rubatsiro, tichisiya unorema kubva kukupfura Amur. Voivod, ndokunyatsoteerera mashoko ake munyika itsva uye tarisiro chokuita navo, kukupfura pane ake vanhu zana nemakumi masere kwetsvina. Paakadzoka kushamwari dzake, Khabarov akavawana vari utano hwakanaka asi ndaneta kugara vachirwisa daurov. Zvisinei, izvi kwemotokari Cossacks, vakabata pfuti, nguva dzose akauya akunda kunze, nekuti kutiza vavengi vavo, vasina kuziva pfuti.

Kana kuvhura Erofey Khabarov uye Cossacks wake chikazikamwa muMoscow, chevaux Alexei Mikhailovich akarayira kuti patsanura kumubatsira mamwe mauto. Uyezve, akatuma kune Urals kunotenga vanhu vane akanaka dziripo mutobvu uye gunpowder. Muzhizha 1651 akaburuka ari Amur vakawanda uye zvakanaka-zvombo yokuzviparadzanisa, akarayira Khabarov. Erofey Pavlovich navanhu vake, zvichitungamirira yokuteererwa daurskie marudzi vakatumwa muchivigiro mupfumi mutero kubva namatehwe emhuka inobereka mbava-.

Apesane Akani chiManchu mauto

Asi Akani madzinza uyewo kugarwa nharaunda, vakanga vakashinga uye zvehondo. Vakanga vane hasha kurwisa kune Cossacks uye kakawanda akarwisa kwavo kupaka mujenya. Zvisinei, kunakisa pfuti kune savages uta uye sei panguva ino. Taiga Vagari avhunduka paakangoziva akanzwa kwepfuti. Atadza kutsungirira vatorwa, vakadana rubatsiro chiManchu vatengesi vakabata pfuti iyoyo, asi Cossacks kutiza uye ichi kukupfura.

Pasinei kukunda mune kusawirirana omunharaunda uye kubatsirwa akatumirwa kubva Yakutsk kuramba kumwe kuunganidzwa mutero zvaiva nengozi. Kubva veko takazoziva kuti chokugadzirira inogumbura zvakawanda chiManchu mauto akatuma kudzivisa kupinda wokuRussia muna Amur mudunhu. Ndaifanira kurega pamusoro ari Zeya River uye kumisa yokugara ikoko.

The kudzvinyirira yokupanduka uye hombe mutsika kugara

In chete nguva Cossacks vakapanduka, kuedza kubva pasi. Nokumukira ichi rakamanikidzwa kudzvinyirira Erofey Khabarov. Biography rake rinopa mashoko uye iri chiitiko chinosuruvarisa. Zvadaro, aiwanzogara achipomerwa kunyanya utsinye. Zvimwe kwaiva, pashure zvose makore eupenyu Erofey Khabarov mubasa utsinye ezvinhu enyika taiga, vakasiya rupawo avo nemaitiro uye mufambiro murume uyu.

Nokukurumidza, maererano paakaenda chirevo, yakanga yakaumbwa Dahurian dunhu apo kutumira zvikuru akagadza machinda uye basa vanhu. Makore aya ari munhoroondo kweSiberia vakanga pakataurwa vakawanda vatama vakanzwa pamusoro upfumi nharaunda uye akatsvaka pamahombekombe Amur River. Hurumende akamanikidzwa kumisa rinokosha boka revarwi rinorinda kupinda kurambidzwa vakundi.

Makuhwa uye chivande

Khabarova akaramba pamberi pamusoro Amur akanga pakukurirwa nemanomano uye anonyengera zvaiyambuka panguva vakuru. Vakasimuka naye kubva simba chaiyo, uye akatoedza mhosva mu kushungurudzwa. Asungwa, akaendeswa kuMoscow. Asi akaguma zvakanaka. In guru, isu ainyatsoziva kuti Erofey Khabarov, akarivhura akatora kuRussia, ndezvipi dhigirii ayo. mibairo norupo, mufambi zvakanaka akasunungurwa. Nemhosva, akadzokera kuSiberia.

Gare gare muupenyu Yerofei Khabarova zvakasiya hapana zvisaririra pamapeji enhau. Musi waakafa harizivikanwi, uyewo gore rokuzvarwa. Asi mashoko zvakachengetedzwa, kupa zvakawanda kurondedzerwa dzose yakatora kune Russian mamiriro, uye fuma kuti wakaisa nyika Erofey Khabarov. Kushamisa murume uyu ari parwendo rwangu - kakawanda akarondedzerwa vaongorori hwake. zita rake akachengetedza kuzvibereko chiteshi Erofey Pavlovich uye guta Khabarovsk.