Maguta makuru Belarus. The Vagari maguta Belarus

Republic of Belarus - ndiwo mamiriro yaiva Eastern Europe. Capital - guta Minsk. Belarus kumabvazuva kubudikidza Russia, Ukraine kumaodzanyemba, iri kumadokero Poland, kuchamhembe kwakadziva kumadokero Lithuania uye Latvia.

A zvishoma pamusoro nyika

Hurumende rakakamurwa munzvimbo nhanhatu uye 117 nemaruwa. Kuwanda maguta Belarus inosvika 102, mukuwedzera, pane 109 townships. VomuSouth, maererano okuverengwa inoitwa muna 2003, vanhu mamiriyoni 10.3. Izvi, 80% Belarusians, 12% Russian, 5% Poles, 2,5% Ukrainian. Population Belarus maguta ndiyo 71% yose inowanwa.

Huru mvura tsinga - mumwe River (pamwe rechibharo Sozh, Pripyat, Berezina), Western Dvina rwizi (a rechibharo Vilia) uye Bug Western. Kune pamusoro zviuru gumi makungwa, chikuru vari Naroch Lukomlskoe, Drisvyaty uye Osveiskoye. Over chetatu ndima inogarwa marshes. Chetatu nyika wakafukidzwa masango, kunyanya coniferous, asi zasi kune hornbeam, Maple, pomuouki, dota.

maguta Major muna Belarus

Ngatitore Kunyatsoziva munzvimbo dzakawanda pakazara munyika. Kuwedzera pane shanu chete guru. Saka, mikuru namaguta Belarus: Brest, Vitebsk, Grodno, Gomel uye Mogilev. Pano isu funga misha yavo kubatikana nzvimbo Zvisinei, gradation chavagari angava akasiyana. Somuenzaniso, guta Brest ndiyo yechipiri pashure Minsk - Ndima yacho 146 akaenzana makiromita. Zvisinei, maererano vemo izvozvo nahoditsyavsego chete panzvimbo rechitanhatu uye muduku kuna guru, Gomel, Mogilev, Vitebsk uye Grodno. Saka, vakawanda guta guru munyika ndiro Minsk, ane nzvimbo 348 km ^2. Tevera neeSultan shanu kubva 118 kusvika 146 km ^2. Zvinotevera vamhan'ari ari mazita maguta kupfuura havana vakayambukira kunyange kunze muna 90 km ² - ndiye Bobruisk uye Baranovichi.

Belarus guta tichitarisa vemo

Zvino, uone misha kupfuura nyika kwenhamba yevanhu vanogara navo. Hatina atotaurwa kare muenzaniso chokwadi kuti nzvimbo guru hazvirevi dzinoenderana vagari uye mamwe arambe achirema. Saka, guta tichitarisa vagari Belarus: Minsk (vanhu mamiriyoni 1.9), Gomel (512 zviuru), Mogilev (370,000), Vitebsk (363 000), Grodno (356,000), Brest (330,000). Vakatevera Bobruisk uye Baranovichi - 217 zviuru 177 zviuru azvaitwa.

Zvino funga zvakadzama zvikuru maguta Belarus.

Minsk

ndimi zvakaipa vanoti zviri zvakakwana kwemazuva maviri kuongorora zvose Minsk. Kutaura zvazviri, kudzingirira zvinokwezva muguta rino hakusi zvakakodzera. Zuva rokutanga inokurudzirwa chete kufamba nzira, haukwanisi kunyange kutora pamwe nemepu, nekuti Minsk ndiyo shongwe pachako - shongwe ine mapurani weSoviet. Zvingatora yakati, uye guta rino ichakurukurwa sechinhu rakavhurika mhepo Museum, inomiririra nenguva gutsaruzhinji. Zvisinei, zvose mashoko aya anoenderana chete pakati Minsk. Pano pane guta "wekare", ane nhoroondo zvakatevedzana anopfuura mazana mapfumbamwe nemakore. Antiques vanoda kushanyira Cathedral uye Town Hall, kuongorora zvivako yekare. Chimwe chinhu chinokosha Minsk anganzi incredible utsanana, ushamwari Vanopfuura uye unhurried kumhanya upenyu, ipapo anotonga yepasi pose zvechokwadi pfungwa.

Brest

Iri guta-gamba uye masoja Soviet akafa kudzivirira Nhare chete zita naye mumazuva Guru Patriotic War mangwanani, wechikoro ose vaiziva Soviet Union. Brest - kutambura kumucheto Republic of Belarus. Izvi guta rekare, raiva pamuganhu munyika nhatu - Russia, Poland uye Lithuania, munhau dzayo, kakawanda kwave akarwisa vavengi. Akanga chaizvoizvo zvakundikana, kuparadzwa, vakapisa uye kunyange kufamba kubva nenzvimbo. Somugumisiro, Brest haagoni vanozvirova mapurani ounyanzvi, zvivako ekare ndeyemunguva remakore rechi19. Asi chikamu zvose zvemarudzi ngano uye zvakavanzika guta yabudirira. Nei chete mapfupa kujeka sei nenzira inoshamisa akachengetedzwa kuti mazuva edu yekare munhare danda (sezvo akakwanisa vapone Second World War? Chete), Kana muchivande ndima vakachera pasi nhare. Kutaurwa rokutanga Brest somunhu tsime kunyatsobudirira musha, anowanikwa "zvakaedza zvekare Years" (1019). Musi uyu ikozvino vaiona guta dzakavamba gore.

Vitebsk - Chagall Paris

Yakanga pasi zita iri Vitebsk anozivikanwa munyika yose. Ndakaberekerwa nyika yakakurumbira chains-garde Artist. Chagall akadzidza muSt Petersburg kwenguva refu aigara Paris nguva. Zvisinei, kuchiri akadzokera pachoto dzavo uye musha , uye kunyange akarongeka pano Urban Art College.

Ongorora guta Belarus, Vitebsk hazvingadziviswi, nokuti unogona zvakachengeteka kunzi mweya nyika ino. Pano hwaponeswa kare hunonhuhwira uye nyika ruvara. Maererano nengano, guta rakavakwa zvarayirwa Princess Olga muna 974 gore. Rakanga riri pamusoro vakabatikana nevezvokutengeserana "kubva VaViking kuvaGiriki." Olga akanga Ugare nokuda kunoshamisa Fusion kworunako Vitba River uye Western Dvina. runako iyi saka mwoyo wake kuti iye akati: ". Ngazvive vamire pano guta Vitebsk" Pano uye ikozvino anotungamirira nhoroondo yaro kubva chiitiko ichi. Nepo zvinobatsira kuona kuti pane kududzwa yokugara pano Krivichy kunyange muzana remakore rechipfumbamwe. The yakakunakira nzvimbo yeguta kutengeserana wakamira naye murombo basa muchiuto. Iye, kufanana Brest, iye anoramba vakarwisa uto muvengi, asi akakwanisa kuenda ose nematambudziko uye nhasi riri pakati pamazita "The guta yakaisvonaka kwazvo Belarus."

Grodno

Hazvina hwakadzikama guta. Zviri inozivikanwa chikuru masvingo, akamisira refu asati pakuonekwa guru kuitwa Belarus. Mugove Grodno vakaurawa, zvichida kupfuura kwokukutambudzikirai zvose tichienzanisa nedzimwe maguta zvokuvhoterwa. Uye chete nemhaka yakare Castle namadziro ayo akasimba, guta vakakwanisa kurarama. Panguva Northern War Great Grodno achiri vakaurawa. Castle akanga chaizvoizvo rakaparadzwa pasi. Gare gare musi panzvimbo yake haana kuvakwa zvishoma rakaisvonaka uye yakanaka New Castle, aishongedza guta nhasi.

Ongorora guta Belarus, nyatsoteerera munhu anogona kuona imwe kuchiitwa Grodno kuri munyika yose, asi kunyanya pachena oneka pano. Nyika ino yagara ine multi-rechitendero - vari murunyararo mushandirapamwe zviripo munharaunda vaJudha, vaKaturike, vaMuslim, vaLutheran, Orthodox, uye kunyange Old Vatendi. In Grodno, unogona kutarisa chechi munharaunda Lutheran uye sinagogi, imwe chechi uye chechi yechiKristu.

Gomel

Kufanana maguta akawanda ekare, Gomel haazoyeukizve gore rake rokuzvarwa. The kutaurwa kutanga inowanikwa yaMakoronike regumi namaviri remakore. Zvisinei, tinoudzwa kuti guta kwatova, uye kana rakavakwa, haina kuzivikanwa. Detinets ake riri pamusoro payakangopfuura, riri inoumbwa rworudyi norwizi Sozh rworuboshwewo eRwizi yorwizi Gomiyuk, ikozvino mundima Gomel Park. Maererano matongo data, muzana remakore rechi11 ikoko vakava Kudzingwa mutengesi-yendarira, iron-, kuumba, huni, yezvombo uye mapfupa achicheka handicrafts. Kuburikidza dzaishandiswa pakutengeserana Gomel raiwanzobatana Kiev, Chernigov, North Rus, Smolensk, Volyn uye Byzantium. Nhasi, guta rino ndeimwe yakaisvonaka kwazvo munyika, ane tsika, nhoroondo uye kwesayenzi zvinogona kufuma, kuva akasiyana maitiro uye chitarisiko. Today Gomel kwakasimbiswa indasitiri, tsika, sainzi; Izvi socio-enyika muzinda uye chinokosha yokufambisa nomusimboti. zvakanaka kwazvo munharaunda nzvimbo yayo chinowedzera kukura National upfumi. Pakati pezvimwe zvinhu, Gomel ndiye njere pakati nyika, uyewo vakatozodzokera huru zvemitambo netsika zviitiko. Iri ndiro guta muti-mudungwe nzira, zvivako zvekare, fishnet chestnuts, yakafara mikana uye kunoshamisa vanhu aisiita nyaya yake.

Mogilev

Kokutanga guta iri kutaurwa "List maguta Russian, kure uye pedyo" (muzana remakore rechi14). Kubva iyi, Mogilev chikamu Grand Duchy pakati Lithuania, uye pakupedzisira remakore, ruchapinda muruoko nhaka Jadwiga - mukadzi wamambo Polish uye chikamu Omani Prince Jagiello. Pane ngano zhinji kuti kurondedzera pakuonekwa munharaunda.

Modern Mogilev yakapfuma mapurani pazvivako, dzakadai zvakaoma St. Nicholas chechechi. Pane imwe chechi yekare yechiKristu kubvira mukutanga kwezana remakore rechi16. Pakati peguta unogona kuona sangano St. Stanislaus yakavakwa muna 1752. Pakutanga zvakanga zvaiva Order of Carmelites, asi kubudikidza nomurayiro Catherine Guru yakaiswa pasi nabhishopi dzokugara. Muna 1785, mukuru madhorobha rwiriko yakavakwa mumuzinda wakanaka vechokwadi mufananidzo muzana remakore rechi18 - Georgiya Konisskogo. Uyezve, ndikapererwa yakawanda zvivako 18-19 emakore uye chirangaridzo yokufeva ari kumwedzi, kuvaka kwematunhu yemitambo uye aimbova redhoronha.

Belarus - ane nemanda Russia?

Ruzhinji vokuRussia ndinoona nyika iyi sezvo rudzi "enyika" yeRussian Empire kamwe chikuru muduku kuRussia nezvaaitaura miganhu miganhu, uye pamusoro nemagariro uye nhoroondo kukosha. Kana mukakumbira chizvarwa chevechiduku, izvo maguta Belarus, vanhu vashoma chaizvo vanogona zita kunyange vaviri kana vatatu nemisha, kunze guru reRepublic. Zvisinei, izvozvo mafungiro kuti hurumende akanaka, uye akabvumirwa "dunhu" haamiri kusvika kuongororwa. Zvakanga pano kuti yakazokudziridzwa uye kwemazana emakore Duchy pamusoro Lithuania, akasika nematende, akanaka tsika uye mapurani pazvivako, zvakawanda zvinogona kuonekwa nhasi. Ndizvo nyika yakadaro ine mbiri - Belarus. City (ayo akanyorwa pamusoro, uye vamwe, duku kukura, asi kwete pamusoro enhoroondo kukosha) reRepublic kuzosimbisa ichi. Chero mumwe wavo ari pedyo kuongororwa anokwanisa kuwana zvakadzamisisa munhoroondo akaturikidzana. Saka mubvunzo kuti "provincialism" pamusoro Belarus zvinenge zvisiri.