Western Dvina (Tver nzvimbo): mamiriro okunze uye zororo. Inobva murwizi uye hove muWestern Dvina

Rwizi rweWestern Dvina rwuri mvura yerutivi kuchamhembe kweEastern Europe. Inopfuurira nomunharaunda yeLatvia, Belarus neRussia. Mazita ekare emvura ndeyeEridan naHenin. Akatanga basa rake munzvimbo yeTver. Pano zvishoma nezvishoma zvichiwana simba kuitira kuti zvikurumidze kupinda munyika nhatu uye kuzadza Gungwa reBaltic nemvura yaro . MuTver nzvimbo pamhenderekedzo yemvura yakataurwa pamusoro pemasango akaoma kune rimwe guta duku rine zita rimwe chete, iro, kuwedzera, nzvimbo yeZapadnodvinsky yoruwa.

Guta rekare reWestern Dvina (Tver nzvimbo)

Nhoroondo yenharaunda iyi inosvika mazana mashanu emakore. Maererano nenhoroondo yezvokuchera matongo, misha yekutanga yakamuka muNeolithic Age. Kumucheto kweguta, musha wekare weSlavic wakawanikwa, zvinoita kuti zvive nyore kufunga kuti kunyange kare kare kare mvura yemvura yeharaunda yakashandiswa nemadzitateguru edu semagetsi ekutakura uye yakaita nzvimbo idzi dzakasiyana-siyana dzinokwezva muupenyu hwevanhu. Hupenyu hwakanga husina kumbogadzikana mune zvikamu izvi, misha yeharaunda yaigara ichirwiswa neLithuanians inobva kuBaltic Sea. Somugumisiro, yakanga isati yasvika kutanga kwezana remakore rechigumi nemashanu kuti vagari vemo vaigona kugadzirisa nyika idzi uye kuva yavo kwemakore 150. Zvisinei, munguva yeVivonian War (1558-1573), kurwisana kwezvikamu izvi zvakare kwakazarurwa. Pakutanga rekutanga, Ivan the Terrible akamanikidzwa kubvumira mutungamiriri wavo weLithuania mutungamiri Batory. Zvisinei, pamagumo emhirizhonga iyi yehondo, West-Dnipropetrovsk dunhu rakapindirwa zvakare muMoscow nyika. Muzana remakore rechigumi nemanomwe remakore, varwi vePolish-Swedish vakapinda muno. Uye chete pakati pezana remakore regumi nemapfumbamwe nzvimbo yacho yakarongedzwa nemafambiro ehupfumi nehupfumi hwevanhu.

Guta remazuva ano reWestern Dvina (Tver nzvimbo)

Munguva dzehondo dzakawanda, kugara kwekare kwakaparadzwa zvachose kubva pachiso chenyika. Uye chete mumakumi maviri ezana remakore rapfuura pane musha, uye ipapo taundi duku reWestern Dvina. Guta rakamuka mushure memakore gumi nekuda kwekubatana kukuru kwekugadzira matanda kwakavakwa pano. Nhasi, Western Occvina ndiyo nzvimbo yekutungamirira yeZapadnodvinsk District yeTver Region. Maererano nehuwandu hwekuverengwa kwevanhu muna 2010, huwandu hwehuwandu huri vanhu gumi nezviviri. Nenguva yakazara kune vaenzi havazogari mumwari uyu uye vanhu vakakanganwa "nzvimbo yekugara", uye nokuda kweizvi kune zvikonzero zvezvikonzero zvinangwa. Nzvimbo chete inonakidza pano inzvimbo yekugadzira matanda, asi hapana munhu achakutendera kuenda ikoko, kunze kwekuti iwe uchawana basa imomo, asi kungowedzera zvakanyanya kunogona kuzviita. Kunyange zvakadaro, kunewo maonero ayo muguta rino: Museum of History uye Local History, iyo iri mune chikoro chekuno nhamba 1 paKirov Street muimba nhamba ye16, yeOrthodox Christian chechi yeNikolai yeWonderworker (Shcherbakova Street, imba Nhamba 8), yakagadzirwa munguva pfupi yapfuura 2008 year. Kubva pane zvivako zvezvakaitika kare, tsika uye archaeology chete hafu-dzakaparadzwa temberi uye zvinyorwa zvekuchera matongo zvakachengetedzwa: machechi aSergius aRadonezh, Utatu Hutsvene, Kuchinja kweMweya naSpasskaya. Zvichida matongo aya aine chido kune vanyori vezvakaitika kare kana archaeologists, asi hazvigone kushamisika "anofambira" mufambi. Nzvimbo dzekushanyirwa kwezvivakwa muguta racho hazvina kusimbiswa zvachose, kune mabhazi maviri chete ane mavara akasiyana-siyana "Vovan" uye "Yuna", pamwe neresitorendi "Dvina". Mukururamisira kunofanira kuonekwa kuti mumusha uyu kune chikwata chevhu "Mukhino", asi muzhizha iwe uchanetseka uye usingafariri ipapo. Sezvaunogona kuona, chikwata chacho chiduku zvikuru, uye izvi zvinonzwisisika, nokuti Western Dvina iguta remabhizimisi. Asi nzvimbo yacho inofadza kune vatashanyi. Zviitiko zvakarongeka pano zvinokubvumira kuti uzive zviyeuchidzo zvakanakisisa zvakasikwa: mazi Savinsky naVa Vysochert, nzvimbo dzekukura kwechipfuva chemvura Chilim, dzakanyorwa muRubhuku Rokutanga , paki yekare "Nikopol", umo miti isingawaniki yemiti inodzivirirwa, iyo Veles marsh system. Asi muzviitiko zvakawanda, nzvimbo idzi dzinokwezva vanoda vanozorora pamvura uye hove. Izvo hazvishamisi, nokuti nzvimbo dziri pano dzinozivikanwa. Uyezve, zvisikwa zvakanaka kwazvo, sakawo muRwizi rweWestern Dvina rune ruzivo mune zvisizvo zvisingawaniki zvehove.

Tsanangudzo yemvura

Western Dvina kwenguva yakareba inoshandisa kumashure kwekutakura kwevanhu. Yakazotevera nzira yekare "kubva kuma Varangians kusvika kuVaGiriki", iyo yakatsanangurwa nomunyori wenhau Nestor muna 1114-1116 mu "Famous Tale of Bygone Years". Nzvimbo yeWestern Dvina iLake Koryakino (Valdai Upland). Rwizi runotakura mvura yaro ine dutu mumapani marefu uye makomo akasiyiwa nebasa rekare rekare. Kureba kwakakwana kwemuviri wemvura iri makiromita 1020. Gore roga roga rinotakura makiromita makumi maviri emakiromita emvura kuGungwa reBaltic. Gungwa remadziro masangano ane makiromita mana emakiritsi emvura yakachena. Iyi nharaunda yakapiwa zvikuru nechikumbiro chinoshamisa. Pano pane masango akavhengana anofukidza chikamu chebhasi. Muchikamu chepamusoro cherwizi, mumasango, maruva anotakura, uye mukati-kati kusvika - birch, aspen uye alder. Masango emapine anonyanya kukoshesa paPoltsk plain.

Geography yerwizi

Panzvimbo yemepu, nzvimbo yeWestern Dvina inotarisa necheputa rakasvibirira mumagwatiro aro. Iyo inoratidzwa nematunhu akawanda, ayo aimbova makungwa echiwi. Zvikamu zviduku zvemupata, uko rwizi runopfuura nepakati pemakona ereneine, kuratidzira nzvimbo dzavakabva. Imwe yenzvimbo dzakapamhidzika yekare yaimbova makungwa ndiyo mapurisa emazuva ano ePolotsk. Nzvimbo yacho inenge yakadzika kana yakasviba, dzimwe nguva yakasviba, inoumbwa nevhu rakaoma uye jecha. Mupata weRwizi wakagadzirwa anenge makore 12 kusvika kune gumi nezviuru apfuura, une zvisingazivikanwi. Panharaunda yeBelarus, rutivi rwaro rwuri mamita 100-300, pano kakawanda kune rapids uye rapids. Mune dzimwe nzvimbo mupata unopera uye unova canyon-kufanana neakadzika kusvika mamita makumi mashanu. Asi, kuenda kuBaltic, Western Occvina inoshanduka ikava rwizi rukazara, rwonzi rwayo runosvika mamita 800 muhupamhi, uye mupata unosvika makiromita matanhatu.

Kushambira dziva

Bhesheni yeWestern Dvina inoumba nzizi dzinopfuura gumi nezviviri zviduku uye huru. Chikuru chetatu chinonzi Mezha, kureba kwayo makiromita makumi maviri nemashanu, uye nzvimbo yekutora ine 9080 square kilometer. Nzvimbo dzakawanda dzinoshandiswa dzichiyerera kana dzinobva kumadzimai mazhinji, zvichiita kuti dzive yakaoma kwazvo hydrographic system. Ikopa rebhuruu remakungwa munzvimbo dzakabatana mumapoka: Ushachsky, Zarasai, Braslav. Iyo huru ndeye Osveyskoe, Lukomskoye, Lubanskoe, Zhizhitskoe, Drisvyaty, Razna, Drivyaty. Nzvimbo yose yemakungwa inodarika zviuru zviviri makiromita makiromita uye inosvika zvitatu kubva muzana yehove yenharaunda yose yerwizi.

Nguva yekuzadza

IWestern Dvina ndiyo rwizi rwuri pachena, ruzivo rwaro rukuru runoumbwa semugumisiro wechando chinoputika, izvo zvinowedzera muchando. Izvi zvinotsanangura maitiro ekuparidzirwa kwekuyerera kwemvura iyi gore rose. Mumwaka wegore, kune mvura yakawanda, yakawanda mvura yakakwirira, iyo inofambidzana nekudonhedzwa kukuru, uyewo mafashamo emvura zhinji, uyezve, kunaya kwemvura kunonaya kune izvi. IWestern Dvina inotanga kuvhara pasi nekutanga kwezhizha, mvura inodzokera kumvura, uye pakati peJune kuderera kukuru mumvura kwakanyorwa. Pakati pezverimwe gore, runoff inobva pane sedimentary uye pasi pasi. Muzhizha nekuvhuvhu, apo kunaya kwemvura kunouya, Western Dvina inogona kutobuda mumhenderekedzo yayo. Munguva yechando, ivhu rinoderera zvakajeka, panguva ino rwizi rwerwizi ruchiri pasi, nokuti nheyo yezvokudya kwayo iri pasi pasi.

Rwizi rune ngozi

Zvisinei, munhu haafaniri kufunga kuti hupenyu hwerwizi panguva yemvura yechando yakanyanyisa. Mumazamu apera, apo rwizi rukafukidzwa nechando, chando chengwando chinopfuura ichi. Somugumisiro, mvura inoita zvakasiyana-siyana zvezvinhu zvinokuvadza-zazhery. Rwizi rune zvikamu zvaro zvakasiyana runogona kuvharwa zvachose ne sludge, semugumisiro rwizi rworwizi runowedzera zvakanyanya, kusika mafashamo uye kupararira kwakanyanya kumucheto. Chiitiko chakafanana chinogona kuitika mumwaka wegore, apo gwara racho rakavharwa nechando.

Vanhu vanouya uye vanoenda, uye rwizi runofamba ...

Kare kare kare vanhu vakaedza kukonzera rwizi rwakanyanyisa uye kuigadzirisa nokuda kwezvinangwa zvavo zvemari. Mazuva ano, kuWestern Dvina, kukonzera kwese kwakasikwa, kunoumba matatu makuru makuru. Inoshandiswa mvura yakawanda inoshandiswa inoshandiswa mumvura yeHrood uye inopisa simba, mvura, kutakurwa, zvinotambaidza uye hove. Nharaunda dzomunharaunda dzakapfuma mune zviyeuchidzo zvekuvakwa kwekare, izvo zvinopupurirwa zvezviitiko zvakawanda zvekare. Somuenzaniso, mukuru wemaguta eBelarusian - Polotsk - yakashongedzwa neSt. Sophia Cathedral yekare. Icho chivako chekuvakira chezana remakore rechigumi nerimwe. Muguta rimwe chete raigara uye rakashanda Simion Polotsky naGeorgy Skorina, uye mune imwe yedzimba munguva yehondo yeSweden, Peter Mukuru akamira. Imwe guta rekare - Vitebsk (iyo inonyanya kukosha nzvimbo yekutengesa munzira "kubva kuma Varangians kusvika kuvaGiriki") - ine nhoroondo yemakore ane chiuru.

Kubata muWestern Dvina

Iyi kona yakasiyana yedunhu reTver inosvitsa vatashanyi vakawanda uye vanofarira kubata hove. Nharaunda yakachena yezvakanaka (izvi zvinotsigirwa nemari yemusangano wose weRussia "Ecologically clean area") yakazara nemakadzi ane hove huru dzehove, izvo zvisingasiyi chero mukana wekusava kubudirira. Zapadnaya Dvina Riverwo yakasiyana-siyana, yakazara nemasango anoumba huwandu hwemamiriro ezvakatipoteredza enyika. Vafudzi vehula hove vanoungana pane chinhu ichi chemvura. Mushure mezvose, pane zvakawanda pane rwizi urwu, kunyange vanhu kusvika kusvika pamakirogiramu matatu vanouya. Nhamba yakawanda yaro inobatsira kuve yakasvibiswa yorwizi pachayo: yakazadzwa nemitambo, shallows, islets uye mabwindo makuru. Nzvimbo idzi dzose semagineta dzinokwevera hove idzi, kunyanya kupenya. Mumazuva echando uye pakutanga kwezhizha, chub inobatwa pamberi pavo, pakabuda kubva mumakomba, uye kusvika pakuvhurwa kwemavira - kumashure kwavo, uko ganda rinopinda mukati.

Iwe hausi kuda hove iyi? IWestern Dvina inowedzerawo mune dzimwe mhando dzehove, somuenzaniso, pike nechechi. Vafambi vekutsvaira gear vachagamuchira pano manzwiro asinganzwisisiki. Nguva yekubata hove inotangira kubva pakupera kwaMay. Panguva ino, mvura yemvura mumadonhwe ehova anooneka, uye pedyo nechekugungwa kwemaodzanyemba imwe inogona kutarisa huwandu hwemapikes maduku kusvika kune imwe nehafu haro kilogram. Ari kubata zvemarudzi ose emhando, asi anosarudza kunyorera kapu-bait. Iyo nharaunda inonyatsotarisa padiki "turntables" (Nha. 0-2). Dzinobatwa pano, kazhinji, 400 gramu. Kutanga kubva pahafu yechipiri yezhizha kusvika pakati paOctober, pike inorema 2-3 kilogram, dzimwe nguva kunyange kupfuura.