Mafomu emaoko. Heraldic shield. Kuumbwa kwejasi rezvombo

Kubvira pakuonekwa kwehutauriri, majasi ezvombo aiva chikamu chakakosha chetembikira yose. Zvakanga zvakasiyana zvichienderana netsika uye nyika ye muridzi.

Kutanga kwemaoko

Kubva pakuona kwemahedheni, maitiro ezvombo ndiwo maitiro ehupenyu hunodzivirira. Ichi ndicho chikonzero chechipi zvacho chinogamuchirwa sechiratidzo nemhuri ine simba uye nyika. Mukati meEurope yekare, maitiro ezvombo zvakare airemekedzwa pamashamba ehondo, kwete mairi.

Mune nguva yakajeka, yakanyanya kufarirwa yakanga iri nhungete nhatu. Ndiye iye akazova mucherechedzo wevose classical heraldry. Nokufamba kwenguva, mamwe maitiro akatanga kuonekwa, ayo ainyanya kuvimba nemafungiro uye fungidziro yemuiti. Nguvo dzokutanga dzehondo dzakakopiza maitiro avo kubva padziviriro chaiyo, iyo yakazochinja pamwe nekuvandudzwa kwezvombo zvekare.

Apo rondedzero chaiyo yakatanga kupa nzira kune fictions yevanyori, mabhuku ehealdic akatanga kuzadzwa nehuwandu hwekusiyana. Sezvo chakanga chave chichifananidzira, muridzi wega wejasi rake akaedza kuwana humwe humwe hwakasiyana hwezvinhu uye maumbirwo. Nemhaka yeizvi, kunyange zvikoro zvehurumende zvine maitiro avo uye tsika dzakaberekwa.

Mafomu nemarudzi emaoko

Mumazuva ano mahedheni, zvidzidzo zvekare zvinoratidzika. Pose pane mapfumbamwe kwavari: Varangian, Italian, Spanish, French, Byzantine, English, rhombic, German uye square. Mhando dzakadaro dzaive dzakakurumbira. Vamwe vavo vakadanwa maererano netsika dzenyika, kunyange zvazvo ivo vaivewo nemagariro ekuenzanisa. Ikokudzivirira kwechirongwa mumutauro wekatatu kwakatumidzwa Varangian, maoval - Italian, akapoteredzwa pazasi kwekwere - Spanish.

Paivawo nemafuta akawandisa, asi akasangana kakawanda kazhinji. Rutivi rworudyi uye rworuboshwe rwechiratidzo runotsanangurirwa kubva pakuona kweiye munhu anobata nhovo, uye kwete kubva kumunhu anoona. Iyi ndeimwe yemitemo inonyanya kukosha muhealdary, iyo isingazivikanwi kune vatsva.

French shield

Chinyanya kukosha chaiva chigamba cheFrance. Chimiro chayo chakakonzerwa ne quadrangle nechepamusoro. Maoko akadaro ainyanyozivikanwa muRussia. Zviratidzo nezvinyorwa izvi zvakatora mhuri dzakakurumbira dzakanaka uye mataundi ehurumende yezana remakore re XIX. Nzira yemazuva ano yesimbi yeRussia inowanikwawo mumutauro weFrance.

Ungatsanangura sei kufarirwa kwakadaro? Chimiro chechiratidzo cheRussia (kureva, chiFrench chimwe) chinopa nzvimbo yakawanda yekusununguka kwezvifananidzo zvechimiro mumufananidzo. Nhoo yakadaro inonyanya kushanda kubva pakuona kwemuenzi. Chigamba cheFrance chinogona kureva chimiro chakaoma kwazvo uye chepakutanga.

German Shield

Chinhu chakanyanya kuoma chaiva chidziro cheGermany. Muchimiro chayo nechepamuromo chaiva chinyorwa. Iyi tsika yemitambo yakatanga seyokugadzirisa kwechokwadi yeGermany nhoo. Inonziwo tarch. Yakanga yakashandiswa neWest European knights yezana remakore rechigumi nemana-XVI. Tharch akaonekwa kunyange muRussia squads. Dent iri mairi yaidiwa kuitira kugadzirisa pfumo, iro rinogona kushandiswa kukunda muvengi. Maoko emakambani eGermany kunyanya aiwanzobatanidza chimiro chechimiro chemufananidzo.

Tarchi yakapararira muEurope yose muzana remakore rechi13. Inogona kugadzirwa kubva kune miti inowanikwa miti. Iyi nyaya yaive yakanyanya kufanirwa kudarika iron. Nokuchengeteka kukuru, tarch yakafukidzwa nehuto. Nokudaro, muhealdaldry, ganda rezvipfuwo rinowanzotevedzera mumufananidzo. Tsanangudzo yejasi rezvombo haigone kuita kunze kwekutaura zvinhu kubva pane iyo nhovo yakaitwa. Izvi zvakasimbisa kuti muridzi wemugovera mumwechete kana rimwe ruzivo. Mhuri ine ruzivo yakagadzikana inokwanisa kutenga simbi, zvakatarisana, yakaratidzwa pairi chiratidzo.

Dissection

Kuti unzwisise nzira yekuita nayo zvombo zvemhuri yako, haufaniri kuziva kungoita mahombekombe, asiwo mamwe maitiro ekuratidza. Chimwe chazvo ndeche tsika yekuparadzanisa zviyero muzvikamu zvakasiyana. Vashandisi vanoshandisa dissection, intersection, uyewo mitsara inosangana. Vanokubvumira iwe kupatsanidza hutete hwekunamatira kuitira kuti mavara mazhinji avepo pakarepo. Palelette yakasiyana-siyana ndeimwe yezvinyorwa zvinoshandiswa zvikuru zvemaitiro ake anodiwa kuita kuti mufananidzo wacho uoneke uye unoonekwa.

Nekubatsira kwemitsara inogadzikana zvinokwanisika kubvisa uye kusimbisa kukosha kweimwe chikamu chehovo. Semuenzaniso, izvi zvinoparadzanisa musoro kana pamusoro pechiratidzo. Kana chidimbu che diagonal chiyambuka nhoo yose, saka iyi nzira inonzi sling.

Muchinjikwa

Chimwe chinhu chinokosha chaanofananidza ndeyemuchinjikwa. Maoko emakumbo aiwanzobatanidza chifananidzo chechiratidzo ichi. Zvinonzwisisika kufunga kuti muEurope musara waiva chiratidzo chikuru chechiKristu, nekuda kwacho chaive chichishandiswa. Zvisinei, nokufamba kwenguva izvi zviratidzo zvechimiro zvakawana mhepo yechipiri. Akatanga kuratidza kusaremekedza maonero echiKristu chepakutanga. Izvo zvisikwa zvose zvemuchinjikwa zvinogona nyore kusimbiswa nehupenyu hwose hwevanhu. Mifananidzo yakadai yakashandiswa nguva yakareba vasati vaberekwa. Somuenzaniso, mune Vemamwe Marudzi mutambo wakanga wakafanana nekunamata kwezuva.

Kana jasi rezvombo richibatanidza mabhanhire maviri, unowanzozivikanwa nevaRussia chiratidzo chezvikepe. Iyi ndiyo inonzi cross Andreevsky, iyo inogona kuwanikwawo mureza weScotland uye mune dzimwe dzakawanda dzakanyorwa. Mimwe mhando dzechiratidzo ichi chinowanzogona kuva nekuchepesa kwakanyanyisa kana zvimwe zvakakosha zvinyorwa (kukomberedza, zvinyorwa, nezvimwewo).

Mamwe majimu ekugadzirwa kweiometri

Mukuwedzera kune zvakatemwa uye muchinjikwa, muhealdary kune dzakawanda zvinowanikwa zvakaenzana nhepfenyuro yake, yakatorwa pahoo. Urongwa urwu runosanganisira: chikwereti, muganhu, katatu, nhete, rutsanga, denderedzwa, rhombus, shanduro, nezvimwewo. Tsanangudzo yejasi rezvombo inenge ichitaura kumatare akabatanidzwa. Pakupedzisira kweMiddle Ages, tsika yakaratidzwa kuratidza zvinhu zvejemikari mumakona ehovha. Iyi "chikamu chepachena" inowanzoita tsika yake.

Mukuwedzera, iyo nhovo huru, iyo inoumba yese iyo yejasi rezvombo, inogona kuva nehove duku mukati mayo. Iyi yekudzoka ndiyo yaive yakasarudzika kumusangano. Nekubatsira kwezviputi, mutsindo wemakumbo wejasi rezvombo wakasimbiswa.

Zvisiri-mhemberero dzemhando

Kune rimwe boka guru rezvikamu zvejasi rezvombo. Aya mafananidzo anonziwo kwete-heraldic. Izvo zvakakamurwa kuva mhando mitatu: maitiro, maitiro uye echokwadi. Sezvo mutemo, chinhu chinonyanya kuzivikanwa chejasi rezvombo muenzaniso wakasiyana. Saka, magetsi (uyezve maguta) akaedza kuratidzira chimwe chinhu chisingawanzoitiki uye chepakutanga pane nhoo yavo.

Nhamba dzepanyama dzinosanganisira mifananidzo yemhuka neshiri. Vatengi vezvombo vakasarudzwa maererano nemhuka dzekuzvarwa kwavo. Mukuwedzera, mitemo yehealdary haina kubvisa kuratidzwa kwehova, makomo - munawo, zvose zvakasikwa zvakasikwa. Mifananidzo yezvipfeko ndeye mifananidzo yezvombo uye zvombo. Kunyanya kufarirwa vakanga vari ma knights nevarwi, avo vaisimudzira rudo rwavo rwemauto ehondo.

Pakupedzisira, boka rinonyanya kuziva uye rinoshamisa rinogona kunzi nhamba dzinoshamisa. Aya ndiwo mifananidzo yezvisikwa zvinofungidzirwa zvinowanikwa munhealdary. Kunyangwe vaKristu vaishanda zvikuru vanogona kuratidzira pamaoko avo mazana, magriffins nemamwe mavara ezvinyorwa zvekare. Nyaya yakakurumbira munyaya idzi ndeyekuti, zvichida, mufananidzo wegondo rine musoro. Iyi nyoni yenhema yakaratidzwa panguvo yezvombo zveByzantine Empire. Kubva ipapo, pamwe neOrthodoxy nezvimwe zviitiko zvechiGiriki, akatamira kuRussia. Egondo rekutanga-mairi maviri sechiratidzo chake muMoscow yakatanga kushandisa Ivan III muzana remakore re XV.

Stamp motto

Chikamu chinokosha chechiratidzo chero chipi zvacho chaiva chirevo. Sechinyorwa chifupi chiyeuchidzo, chakazova chiratidzo chemajini, guta kana nyika, yakashandiswa. Kubva kumakurukota ayo motto akatamira kune nhau dzehondo uye hupenyu hwezuva nezuva.

Pasinei nemufananidzo wenguo yezvombo zvemhuri, iye aive ane tepi inokosha pasi. Yakanyorawo chirevo. Munyika yeKaturike, mazwi echiLatin ane mapapiro akashandiswa. Zvinyorwa zveBhaibheri kana zvimwe zvinyorwa zvekare zvakanga zvakakurumbira. Ribhoni uye zvinyorwa mairi zvakakumbidza ruvara rwemaoko esimbi.

Shield holders

Muchikomborero chakanaka mahembe (zvinyorwa zvoumambo kana madzishe), kazhinji kacho chimiro chechimiro sehovha inoshandiswa. Akawedzerazve zvinyorwa. Nhoo iri pakati, uye nhoo idzi dzinoratidzwa pamakona. Pakutanga, nhamba dzevanhu dzakashandiswa muhutano hwavo. Iyi tsika yakauya pamusoro pekutenderera kune dzimwe nhangemutange, iyo yaiwanzopinda nevarwi vanobatsira kuchengetedza mhuri yavo nhoo.

Zvisinei, nekufamba kwemazuva, izvi zviyero zvakatanga kuchinjwa nemhuka dzezvinyorwa nemhuka. Iyi nzira yakabvumira kurongedza hutano hwemhando dzepamusoro pakuwedzera. Kuti uzive nzira yekuita jasi rezvombo, munhu anofanira kunyatsomiririra ani anogona kuratidzwa semutakuri, uye ndiani asingaiti. Mumufananidzo wekufananidzira waimiririra kusimba uye simba romuridzi wayo. Nokudaro, sevatakuri vehove vaiwanzofananidzirwa zvisikwa zvine simba: shumba, makondo, giants, nezvimwe. Kusarudzwa kwavo nguva dzose kwakarapwa zvikuru.

Kune zviitiko apo nhoo idzi dzinopesana kubva kune mumwe. Semuenzaniso, mamiriro acho akazara nenguvo yeGreat Britain. Kwariri kurudyi ndeye shongwe yakaisvonaka yeshumba, uye kuruboshwe - mhemberero yesirivha yesirivha. MuKristu anokwidzika muMiddle Ages aiva chimiro chakanaka chengirozi semurevereri wekudenga uye mubatsiri. Saka, pamberi pehondo, murwi nguva dzose aita munyengetero, achitakura nhoo pamwe naye. Kune vatenzi vakawanda vezvitendero zvemaoko, kuburitsa kwavo kwaiva nhanho yekomborero pahondo. Kuparadzanisa nhovo yako nemufananidzo wemufananidzo wakatarwa sechiratidzo chisina kunaka.