Iyo dinosaur inoratidzika sei. Mhando, tsanangudzo uye mifananidzo ye dinosaurs

Mamiriyoni emakore apfuura aya mafiantsi enyika yekare-dinosaurs akatonga pasi. Chero muzana remakore rechina rekutanga, masayendisiti akatanga kutora matsipa avo. Paiva nemibvunzo yakawanda yakabatana nerezard yekare. Mumwe wavo: "Dinosaur inoratidzika sei?" - haina kujekeswa zvizere. Zvakanyanya zvikuru gadzikanisi rinoparadzanisa munhu wemazuva ano nemhuka dzinoshamisa kuti ataure nekutenda pamusoro pemaitiro avo.

Mapiyona ekare enyika

Paiva nedinosaurs (mufananidzo uye tsanangudzo yevamwe vavo waungaona munyaya yedu) makore anenge mamiriyoni 230 apfuura. Nguva yezvisikwa zvezvisikwa ndeyekupedzisira kweTrassic period, ruzivo rwakawira paJurassic, uye kuparara kwakaitika pakuguma kweCretaceous. Kwemamiriyoni emakore ekuvapo, dinosaurs akapararira pasi rose. Matsi awo akawanikwa kunyange muAntarctica.

Aina dze dinosaurs

Kusvika iye zvino, masayendisiti anoziva zvinopfuura chiuru chemarudzi ezvipembenene zvekare. Izvo zvakakamurwa kuva zvikara, zvinokambaira mumvura, mumvura uye zvinotambaira dinosaurs. Kusiyana kwakadaro kunokonzera matambudziko makuru, sezvo kazhinji mumaoko emaasayendisiti kuti aone mhuka dzemhuka yekare dzakanakisisa masapo mashoma.

Vanotsvakurudza vanodzokorora sei maitiro emaruva ekare?

Mhando dze dinosaurs dzine tsanangudzo dzinogona kuwanikwa kwose-mumabhuku encyclopedia pamazuva ekare enyika yedu, masayenzi emabasa, mabhuku evana. Nhamba yakawanda yemavhidhiyo, zvinyorwa uye zvidhori zvevana zvinopiwa kune maGiants ekare. Kana iwe ukakumbira chero munhu, acharondedzera kuonekwa kweizizi dzekare kare zvakarurama. Tinoziva sei kuti dinosaurs anotaridzika sei? Mifananidzo uye mavhidhiyo anewo, zvechokwadi, haagoni kuwanikwa, nokuti aive nemamiriyoni emakore akapfuura. Mhinduro yacho iri mumasara ezvinokambaira. Kusvika iye zvino, vakawana zvinopfuura zana remakore. Izvi zvinosanganisira kwete mapfupa chete, asiwo mazai e dinosaur, tsvina yavo, zvinyorwa zvinyorwa zvepaws uye miviri.

Maererano nezvimedu zvemasaga, masayendisiti anovandudza kuonekwa kwezvitsiga. Mafupa eDinosaur anotarisa sei? Kunze kwakasiyana nemasara emhuka dzemazuva ano mukukura uye chiyero chekuchengetedzwa. Zvinosuruvarisa, kuwanikwa kwese skeleton isinganzwisisiki. Kazhinji kacho, masayendisiti anofanirwa kuziva kuti dinosaur inoratidzika sei, pamusana pemasara asina kusiyana.

Ndeapi mapfupa eDinosaur akawanikwa?

Panyika, pane nzvimbo dzakawanda uko iwe unogona kuwana masara ehofori dzekare. Munharaunda yeCanada yeAlberta yakawana zvinopfuura chiuru zvakadai zvinokosha. Idzi idzi dzaiva masara e-lizard-centrosaurs. MuArgentina, mupurovhinzi yeChubut, mapfupa eomwe titanosaurs akawanikwa. MuMexico muna 2014, munharaunda yeimwe yemasango, mapfupa emasvidi 14 akawanikwa. Nhamba yakawanda yemasara eDinosaurs anoenderera mberi kuwanika muruwa rweShayina rweShandong. Pano akawanikwa mapfupa makuru etiropods - zvakashata zvezzard zvekare zve tyrannosaurus uye ankylosaur.

Ndeipi nzira yekudzorera mararamiro emaruva ekare?

Dinosaurs akararama mamiriyoni emakore akapfuura. Zvishongo zvakanyanyisa panguva ino zvakashanduka kuva guruva, uye mapfupa akafuridza. Kubvira muzana remakore rechina reXIX, kuti dinosaur yakaita sei, takadzidza zvakawanda, asi iye zvino hapana chokwadi kana masayendisiti ari kugadzirisa maitiro avo.

Basa iri rakaoma uye rinopedza nguva. Kutanga iwe unoda kuunganidza kubva pane zviduku zvakawana skeleton. Kana pasina zvikamu zvakakwana, zvinofanira kudzorerwa. Pakupedzisira kwevashandi vevashandi vanotanga. Pamusoro petsanga nemasaga vanotorazve muviri uye ganda rejira. Nokuda kweizvi, imwe nzira inoshandiswa iyo inoshandiswa mu forensic sayenzi. Sezvo ganda reDinosaur rinotarisa, zvaive zvichibvira kuwana nekuda kwemafossi, apo maitiro uye mararamiro ari pachena. Yakanga isina mvura, yakaoma uye yaiva nezviyero. Pazviwanikwa zvakagadzirwa zvakajeka nzvimbo dzakaoma uye kuwedzera kwepachivara cheganda. Mamwe marudzi ezvisikwa zvekare akachengetedzwa nehombodo. Izvi zvinosanganisira ankylosaurs.

Imwe yezvinetso zvinotarisa kuti dinosaur inotaridzika sei kuziva ruvara rweganda. Nepo paleontologist haikwanisi kupindura mubvunzo uyu nekuvimbika. Nokudaro, sechikonzero chekuvakazve chimiro chechidembo, mhuka dzemazuva ano uye shiri dzinotorwa. Saka, munyori weTyler Killor, uyo akarayira masayendisiti kudzorera kuonekwa kwei dinosaur ruogsa, akatora ruvara rwemafuro eeshiri yemuhale semuenzaniso.

Asi kunyange chifananidzo chinonyatsogadziriswa che dinosaur chinogona kuchinja. Inyanzvi dzemazuva ano uye zvakawanikwa munguva ichangobva kuwanikwa mu paleontology inopa ruzivo rutsva pamahombekombe ekare.

Iyo dinosaur inotarisa sei: tsanangudzo yakazara

Mhezi dzekare dzakapatsanurwa kuva mikuru mikuru miviri: shiri duku uye shiri-saver. Ikokupedzisira yaiva sauropods (herbivores). Dhizizi dinosaurs dzakakamurwa kuva mapoka maviri: theropods (vavengi) uye sauropods. Ava ndivo vamiririri vepangolinas makuru nemitumbi mizhinji uye mitsipa refu: apatosaurus, diplodocus, brachiosaurus). Chimwe chezvikwata zve dinosaurs zvinomiririrwa zvose ne bipedal pangolin uye neavo vakatamira pamakumbo mana.

Predatory dinosaurs kazhinji kacho akatamira pamakumbo maviri.

Iko kune pfungwa yokuti dzose dinosaurs dzaive nekukura kukuru. Hazvina kudaro. Pakati pavo paiva nemafungiro chaiwo (seismosaurus, spinoza), uye zviduku-duku mashizha (komsognat, heterodontosaurus).

Dinosaurs - mumwe wevanyori vanoshamisa zvikuru vemhuka dzepasi redu munguva yakapfuura. Vakabatanidza zviratidzo zvemapoka ezvipfuwo zvemazuva ano zvaive zvisiri kure: nguruve, madzizi, shiri nemhuka.

Nengwe, ganda ravo uye nzvimbo yemeno inovaunza pedyo pamwe chete. Tsanga iri rakafanana neyemaruva, uye chimiro chemapfupa emumuviri anowirirana kune dinosaurs ane zvipfuwo. Chimiro chemapapiro uye nhengo dzechitsotsi zvinounza zvikara zvekare zvakaswedera kune shiri.

Zvizhinji zvei dinosaurs zvakasimuka pamakumbo echiuno, zvakatenderera, zvichizorora apo dzichifamba paminwe. Iyi nzira yekufambisa yakaita kuti vashande.

Kurwisana pamusoro pehutano hwehumuviri hwomukati munharaunda yevasayendisiti kusvikira nhasi. Zvavakanga vari, zvino hazvigoni kutsanangurira, naizvozvo nheyo inotorwa nehutachiona hwe shiri neshiri. Zvimwe zvishoma zvinozivikanwa pamusoro pehupenzi hwezvikara zvekare. Zvose zvisikwa zvinowanikwa zvinotibvumira kuti tifunge nehupamhi hwepamusoro hwekuti muhutano hwakanga hunofanana nehuropi hwemazuva ano ezards.

Matambudziko anovapo nekujekesa kwekuvara kweganda. Zvichida mamwe madinosaurs aiva neganda rekudzivirira ruvara. Vamwe vanogona kuva nemuvara wakajeka zvichienderana nemuenzaniso wezvinyorwa zvemazuva ano.

Maererano nekuongorora kwechangobva kuitika, dzimwe nhamba dzekare dzakange dzine feathers.

Izvi hazvisi chete archeopteryx inozivikanwa zvikuru, asiwo micro-torptor, caudipteryx nevamwe.

Kushamisa kunoshamisa: dinosaurs yakakurumbira uye isina kujairika

Pakati pezvizhekare zvekare kune vanhu vanofarira, izvo zvisizvo zvisingawanzoitiki. Zuhomim - mukuru wemhuka - ane muromo wakamanikana wakafanana netsanga, uye mutsara weminwe yekutanga pazvigadzirwa zvayo yakasvika urefu hwemasentimita makumi matatu.

Carnotaur yakanga ine nyanga. Vane chigaro ichi, zvinogona kunge chakaita basa rekucherechedza.

Griposaurus aiva nemhino uye mazino anenge 800. Akanga ari anhivorous kana mhuka, asi zvisingazivikanwi.

Tyrannosaurus Rex inonzi dinosaur, tsanangudzo yaro inogara ichifarira. Ichi ndicho chimwe chezvisikwa zvikurusa zvekare, izvo maitiro uye uswa hunotarisa zvinotyisa.

Akange ane mapira maviri, akanga ane musoro mukuru, wakanga wakaenzana nemuswe mukuru. Ihwo hukuru hunonzi tyrannosaurus ndohwe, uye ine simba dzine simba hindondo, yakanga ine zviduku zviduku zvikuru neminwe miviri. Nokuda kwekuti pakati pemakumi matatu makumi matatu emakakatani emukoko uyu akachengetedzwa zvakakwana, masayendisiti akakwanisa kunyatsodzidza maitiro ayo, biology uye biomechanics.

Mhedziso

Nhoroondo yezvifaro zvinoshamisa, mamiriyoni emakore akapfuura, achigara pasi pano, haasati adzidza zvakakwana kusvikira pakupedzisira. Zvitsva zvitsva uye nzira dzakarurama dzekutsvakurudza zvinogona kuzarura zvakavanzika zvakawanda zve nzira yehupenyu, maitiro uye chimiro chezvema dinosaurs.