Zhokhov Island: zvisakamboonekwa uye pikicha

KweArctic agara Akakwezva vezvikepe uye nevafambi, asi akaramba zvishoma-anozivikanwa ndima, akachengeta yakawanda zvakavanzika. Mumwe zvakavandika zvayo iri diki chitsuwa Zhokhova ane vakawanda aivhima polar samapere kunyange makore 8000 akapfuura. Dzaizorwiwa munyika zvirongwa zvokutsvakurudza kuti vakatakudzwa kubva pachitsuwa, kubatsira kupindura mubvunzo, sei kushandura okunze uye chiso nyika kwezviuru zvemakore.

Geographical zvechadenga chitsuwa Zhokhova

Zhokhova chitsuwa iri mu mvura East Sea Siberian. Ndiye chikamu boka Islands De Long, runoonekwa mumwe Itsva Siberian Islands. Nderake kundima reRepublic of Sakha (Russia). Kure kune huru iri 440 makiromita, pedyo kwazviri Vilkitsky chitsuwa chiri 40? Km. Chitsuwa atambanudza pakureba kubva kuchamhembe kusvika kumaodzanyemba ndiyo 11 km, noupamhi kuchamhembe iri 10 km kure, ari kumaodzanyemba ndiyo 4 km kure.

Total nzvimbo - 58 mativi mamita. ? km. Pechiso nemumakomo nomunzvimbo dzine. The soro chikomo ane kukwirira 120 metres. On chiduku nomunda pane lagoons zviduku, nyanza, nenzizi nemvura yakachena. Pachitsuwa kumeso sandara pamhenderekedzo iri kumaodzanyemba-nechokumabvazuva. Kuchamhembe uye kuchamhembe-kumadokero nemitenusirwa mawere, nokukwirira dzavo mune dzimwe nzvimbo inosvikira 12 mamita. Kudzika gungwa nemhenderekedzo chitsuwa. Yaita chando muna September, uye dzinoumba yakatsiga chando butiro kubva pakutanga October.

The Geological nemamiriro chitsuwa

Zhokhova chitsuwa rakaumbwa makore mamiriyoni 10-20 apfuura. rokuyamura mamiriro rinoumbwa zvevhu echando uye pamatombo, iri permafrost. Pakati pavo vane reraimu, basalt uye ksenolitovye erudzi umo mune inclusions ose olivine. Vanoumba Oceanic goko, zvakavigwa pasi makobvu akaturikidzana ose Zvisaririra echando.

Pamahombekombe ivhu riri jecha-silt, thawing chinogona kuona nemapoka tusks uye Rhino pfupa mabhiza uye nedzimwe mhuka. Zvakawanikwa izvi zvinoratidza kuti chitsuwa Zhokhova, riri pari permafrost vematunhu, zviuru akawanda apfuura aiva nzvimbo nemamiriro okunze. Panguva Geological basa Garnet zvicherwa zvakawanikwa pano, zircon, apatite nevamwe zvicherwa.

Flora uye Fauna of chitsuwa

Zhokhova Island, mapikicha izvo zvinogona kuonekwa munyaya, - ndiwo kweArctic achinaya mvura. Avhareji mhepo tembiricha iri -7 ° C, munguva yechando kwenguva inosvika madhigirii 40 Celsius ari mhepo kumhanya 40 m / chik. Muna pfupi kweArctic zhizha, izvo zvinoitika July uye August, ivhu haana nguva nyungudika kuti mukuru pakadzika. Naizvozvo, chirimwa nyika anoratidzwa ne matete mosses, lichens uye rekushongedzesa kuti kukura mumapoka maduku. Zvinenge zvose Nhengo nemiti vari aimanikidzwa pasi, kupukunyuka mhepo inotonhora. Pachitsuwa pane chinoramba zvinomera pakavha. Munzvimbo dzakawanda pamusoro nhandare mabasa parukangarabwe. Asi kunyange mumamiriro ezvinhu anorwadza akadai anogona dzimwe nguva kuwanikwa polar poppies uye saxifrage.

Nokuda kutonhora kwekunze uye shomanana Maruva fauna of chitsuwa Zhokhova kusiyana-siyana. Pano unogona kuwana misha shiri mugungwa, asi vamiririri vayo huru ndiyo makava uye polar nemapere. Zvemhuka zvomumvura vanogara pano, walruses uye nemicherechedzo kunge dzakashandisa kurarama utsinye ezvinhu kweArctic. Uyezve, pane hove huru uye muurayi hove huru. Muchirimo mumvura pachitsuwa unokwanisa kuona kuchamhembe duck uye shiri.

Polar ekunze yeredhiyo pachitsuwa

Muna 1955, pachitsuwa ari polar yemapurisa, vashandi vanhu 28 rakarongwa. The utsinye Arctic mapazi asina zvachose kwevanhu. Change polar vakaperekedza pamakore maviri. At chiteshi vakanga kuongororwa ekunze Tracking uye kutamira zvizivikanwe nemichina basa munzvimbo chando rezvitsuwa De Long.

Huni Diesel mugadziriro, zvinhu uye midziyo akaponesa kuchitsuwa An-12 ndege. Kuti izvi zvidaro, yendege yakavakwa uye emapuranga anamapako. Dzaiva pekugara, mamiriro okunze chiteshi, redhiyo mumba, saloon, kicheni. Apo Soviet Union yakaparara, vane matambudziko pamwe nerubatsiro uye kugadzira mugwagwa kwezvivako. Mari chidzidzo kweArctic yave vakarega. Muna 1993 yemapurisa yakavharwa.

Kudiwa kukura Novosibirsk Islands rezvitsuwa, kudzidza echando ezvinhu uye mamiriro for ekunze akasimuka zvakare maererano chokwadi kuti Arctic akawana deposits yemafuta uye gasi nezvimwe zvicherwa zvinhu. Muna 2014, rakavakwazve okunze achicherechedza kwemvura kuchamhembe yamakungwa. Chirongwa akapinda chitsuwa uye Zhokhova, izvo waisa zvaitika ekunze chechitima. Parizvino, izvozvo transmits mashoko pamusoro okunze ari Roshydromet.

History of kuwanikwa pachitsuwa

Need kudzidza Northern Sea Route akazviratidza muRussia pashure pokukundwa muhondo pamwe kuJapan muna 1904-1905, gore zvaida kuti uchatamisa dare kubva kuGungwa reBaltic kusvika pamhenderekedzo kuFar East. Kuti aite izvi, hydrographic rwendo akasikwa. Akasarudza pamusoro ndima kweArctic Ocean kubva Bering Strait kusvikira kuGungwa Barents. Hapana ndaziva kuti kuchamhembe iri Taimyr Peninsula huru yezvitsuwa.

Vasati 1912, kuitwa tsvakurudzo muna Bering Strait uye akapoteredza makungwa. Muna 1913 kwakasarudzwa kutama Chukotka kuenda Arkhangelsk pamusoro aizi "Taimyr" uye "Vaigach". Akavarayira vakuru BA uye PA Vilkitsky Novopashenny. Panguva yezwi dzinopwanya aizi vaifanira kupararira. "Taimyr" akaenda Cape Chelyuskin, uye "Vaigach" vakatanga kutsvaka "Sannikov Land", risina kumboiswa kuwanikwa. Sezvo gungwa rakanga akadzikama, uye chando pamusoro pechiso ranyura chisipo, ngarava vakatevera yakagadzirwa nzira nechokuchamhembe pamberi.

August 14, 1914 Watch Officer Aleksey Nikolaevich Zhohov akaona kuMabvazuva Sea Siberian chitsuwa. Akanga asiri pamepu. Akanzi pachitsuwa Novopashennym. Apo Captain PA Novopashenny vakatama kubva Russia muna 1926 chitsuwa Yakazopiwa zita rokuti mune kukudzwa chitsuwa Zhokhova refutenendi uyo akamuona kutanga.

Zhohovskaya kupaka

Munguva kubva 2000 kusvika 2005 pachitsuwa kuitwa Zvakafukunurwa. Panguva ino, takawana kupaka kuchamhembe vanhu vekare mubasa yokuvhimwa polar unobereka uye nondo. Uye masayendisiti vauye chitsuwa Zhokhova. Attractions muchimiro zvicherwa zvakawanwa zvakare matongo Zvakafukunurwa, vakatanga kudzidza zvizere. Zviya, zvakawanwa izvi anoratidza kuti vanhu vaigara pano 7,8-8 zviuru zvemakore akapfuura. Vose nharaunda umo kupikidura kuitwa, aiva 570 sq. m. In kuunganidzwa kwemari archeological anowana vakaita amabwe, namatanda, nemapoka tusks, uye Birch omuti basketry zvinhu.

Zvinozivikanwa kuti kugarwa yaiva vanhu pakati 25 uye 50, uyo pakati vakadzi. Zvakwakafukurwa zvinhu zvinoratidza kuti nyama polar mabheya vari kudyiwa, izvo haana zvayo kuchamhembe nemisha zvakawanikwa kare. The hwokumusoro vanhu vekare Vakaronda kuwana furs. skeletal zvasara imbwa akawanikwa, izvo zvairatidza kuti vakanga vakura pachitsuwa.

Somugumisiro kunzwisisa tsvakurudzo akawana kuti vanhu vaigara pachitsuwa Zhokhova vaiva Ural mutauro mhuri. Vauya kubva Urals uye Western kuSiberia. Iye zvino, East Siberian Arctic nharaunda akadzidza mudukusa. Zvisinei, zviri chisingakwanisi kutsanangurwa reRussia inokosha zvido uye zvikuru kwete chete enyika asiwo Vanodzidza, nyanzvi dzezvinhu zvipenyu uye mamwe masayendisiti.