Kurwisa mate - chombo rufu

Munhau unocheka zvombo akapinda zvikuru yepakutanga chimiro chake - iri rinowanika pfira neimwe nzira zvoupfumi akarovererwa padanda uye wakashandurwa, saka, ive nhumbi rufu. specificity Its chaizvo zvinoratidza kuti rakashandiswa zvikurukuru kupfurikidza kuvanhuwo zvavo munguva ropa nemhirizhonga, saka kakawanda kutyora kuti rugare, asi hapana rinoreva nyore nyika upenyu.

Murimi mudiki mhotsi dzangu vava zvombo

Kokutanga kushandisa ichi hwokurima chishandiso zvinangwa zvechiuto kwakatanga XIV remakore. Kazhinji varimi, nokuti mumwe chikonzero kana mumwe reshivshiesya simba rokuchinja nzira yamunogara upenyu, kana vanomanikidzwa kuratidza kurwiswa nevavengi, akachinjwa mhotsi dzangu dzavo. Ukatora pakona kuti kuda pakati chipande zvidimbu padanda kana kungoti consolidating vave nevakawanda akabatana nayo, havana kubudirira zvinokonzerwa iyo dzinouraya Chishandiso akava nezuro chaiva isingakuvadzi mate.

Melee zvombo, nokudaro kusikwa, kwave kune nhamba zvakanakira. Zvakanga nokudenga, zvatinogadzira hazvigoni kunyatsotevedzera zvinoita, inoshanda, asi chinonyanya kukosha - zvakachipa oornag. Dzimwe nguva, pachinzvimbo kwakajairika chipande mhotsi dzangu akasungira nomubato shredding Vakarodza banga kana zvikuru ndokugadzira unocheka mativi uye zvishoma curved reza.

Zvombo Swiss uye varimi Czech

Kokutanga kushandisa ichi mhando chombo kunotaurwa maererano kurwa zvakatungamirira vanhuwo zvavo wandei cantons Swiss, kuratidza yokurwiswa yeAustria Knights kuti kwakaitika XIV remakore uye kakawanda unovandudzwa matatu emakore.

Apo pakutanga ari XV remakore ari mundima Czech Republic payakatanga hondo yechitendero akatanga vanochinja inotungamirirwa Yana Gusa (the Hussites), chikuru contingent revarwi yaiva vanhuwo zvavo, vane maoko zvaiva zvakafanana mhotsi dzangu - chombo kuti akatora mumhuri dzose.

Nguva murimi mudiki hondo

Kwapera zana remakore, yose chinokosha Europe rakanga ropa, kunze wakaputsirwa dzinoverengeka ezvoupfumi uye zvechitendero zvikonzero uye ainzi Mukuru murimi mudiki War. Zvakare mate (zvombo) kazhinji kusarudza migumisiro hondo, sezvo hondo dzairwisana mapato vakanga vashandi kazhinji vanhuwo zvavo vakanga vasingakwanisi kutenga mhando anodhura zvombo.

Most wechiuto chirukwa, hwakaratidza mumamiziyamu pasi pose nhasi, zuva shure XVI remakore, asi pane zvakawanda zvichangobva makopi. Mumwe wavo ari chirukwa (zvombo), kamwe vaiva Prussian varwi nhengo uye, maererano huripo rusarura pamusoro payo, rakabudiswa muna 1813. Inogona kuonekwa kuDresden State Museum.

Mugumo Middle Ages

Mukupera Middle Ages, kureva, munhoroondo nguva, yakanga kukurukura pamusoro, kwakawedzerwawo chombo kwakapararira muchimiro pfira, ko zvikuru nani Shanduro - Glaive, kana Glewe. Mwari akaronga zvikurukuru pedyo rwisana uye kumiririrwa polutorometrovoe nomubato pamwe pazviri munhu sandara, unopinza ane miromo yesimbi otochennye kureba vanenge 60 masendimita uye wakafara makubhiti 7-10 cm.

Kudzivirira nomubato kubva zvakakanganisika, akanga akafukidzwa rivets kana kuputirwa simbi tepi. Chipande wakarodzwa, kazhinji neruoko rumwe chete, akapa vane chiutsi pane necheparutivi kurutivi simbi nomuzongoza. Narwo unogona tiratidze nokurohwa vaibata parutivi pamusoro, uyewo kuipindura, hombe punching nokupwanya nayo neminondo muvengi dzokurwa nadzo. Uyezve, akanga nyore chaizvo kuti akaba bhiza uye mutasvi pamwe nechekare pasi nokukurumidza unofa nokurova.

Saka Glaive, anobvumira kuisa uchiitika sezvo anotema, uye huru iri zvakakwana chombo ngozi. Zvakanga hwakapararira Europe yose, asi kunyanya dzakakurumbira muFrance uye Italy, apo akanga yechigarire wavarindi nokukudzwa ose mukuru vehurumende. Ikoko, akanga pakupedzisira kutendeuka kuva chaiye halberd mhando inonzi guisarme. Raiwanzoshandiswa inopiwa mokugezera maviri - yakananga uye curved - uye nokubvumira musoja kushandisa kusundira uye nokudzura muvengi chete bhiza.

Mate ari zvombo ari Cossacks

Zvinofadza kuona kuti kurwa mate - chombo, pashure iyo nokugadzirwa iri nharo nemarudzi mazhinji. Somuenzaniso, vamwe vaongorori vanodavira kuti nguva yokutanga iye akazviratidza zvombo zviri Cossacks, vakawanda vacho vaimbova vanhuwo zvavo. Zvakaoma kutaura sei kururamiswa kutaura izvi, asi hazvirambiki kuti munguva Ukrainian wokusunungurwa hondo XVII-XVIII emakore National mumwe mukuru aiva chombo.

Mate rufu kwainge inokosha basa Berestechko muhondo kwakaitika 1651 pakati nevarwi Polish King Yana Kazimira uye Cossacks Hetman Bogdana Hmelnitskogo. Best ndangariro vanoremekedzwa vezvikwata, achiudza kuti kuburikidza nemauto chirukwa Cossacks vakabudirira zvikuru zvinobudirira dzika kudzivirira kwaizotevera pakaunda-kurwisa.

Mumakore achangopfuura, vakawanda Exhibits chokuita basa zvombo izvi muhondo kuti rusununguko Ukraine, kwakaonekwa muunganidzwa Zaporizhzhya dzakaitika miziyamu. Idzowo yakazara uye kwakakwana pokuunganidzira unoratidza siyana nguva ari kugadzirwa uye kuvandudzika kubva kuhondo chirukwa armourers mudunhu rino.

Kushandisa rwisana mhotsi dzangu muRussia

MuRussia, nhoroondo iri mhando chombo kunobatanidzwa zvikurukuru yemuna rinotungamirirwa Stepan Razin, uye ipapo Emelyan Pugachev. Murimi mudiki uye Cossack gobvu vacho vakaenda kuhondo aine chikwereti kubva yavo purazi zvinhu - namatemo, pitchforks uye dzine reworked uye zvazova chombo muedzo mumaoko avo.

Uye, chokwadi, tisingatauri kurwa pfira mumaoko kunozivikanwa remagandanga hondo 1812, iyo simbi izvo zvakanaka kurangarira masoja wehondo Napoleon raMwari, achitiza ignominiously kubva Russia. The Moscow miziyamu hwakatsaurirwa nhoroondo umhare zviitiko, unogona kuona mamwe yavo yapakuvamba mazano.

Polish kosynierzy

Zvisinei, zvichida kupfuura kwakapararira mate (zvombo) yakagamuchirwa muPoland. Kunyanya zvakajeka zvakanga kwakaratidzwa panguva yakapanduka Polish anokonzerwa yechipiri partition kwePoland, kwakaitika muna 1794. Zvadaro akarwa dzose zviumbu weuto Russian, chiPolish, Belarusian uye Omani vanhuwo zvavo vakaumba anokwana zviyero zhinji, nenguva yavo dziripo vakanga chete vachirwa mhotsi dzangu uye mhando kufanana ose bladed zvombo, anomiririra akaroverwa ari nomubato mapanga zvemarudzi ose kumba-yakaitwa mashizha. Masoja vezvikwata izvi vainzi kosynierzy (kubva pamashoko "mate", "cheka", uye zvichingodaro. D.).

Maererano nevanyori venhau dzakaitika, kosynierzy airidza inokosha basa Hondo Raclawice muna 1794, apo vapanduki Tadeusha Kostyushko akasangana muhondo hurumende nemauto. namapoka avo, vakabatana dzinonzi Krakow mapurisa unonyangadzwa kudenha muvengi, yabuda mitatu yamahwindo, uye zvombo kurwisa mhotsi dzangu, wakatemerwa uye akatema sokunge vakanga vakabata minondo namapfumo, pane vakatendeutswa purazi Ezvemutauro sezvo zvakakodzera.

Napamusara wokutanga vaiva varwi, vakabata pfuti, apo rechipiri nerechitatu - mhotsi dzangu. Kana miseve pave volley, ipapo pakarepo akadzokera shure kosynierzy, vagodziputira pavanenge reloading zvombo, kuti panguva iyoyo waida imwe nguva.

A zvakafanana wakadzokororwa panguva Polish yemuna pakati 1830, apo vakawanda inifanduri dzose battalions vakanga vakabata dzine. Maererano vechikamu zviitiko, muvengi inifanduri, kunyange wakati zvakabatanidzwa pfuti bhayoneti, vasingagoni kuramba melee kosynierzy, zvichiita ake oblique anotema refu uye inorema uye kutambanudzira.

Japanese nadzurudzo rwisana mate

Somunhu chaiye shanduro inozivikanwa kuti dzekare uye uto Japanese Xhosa. The chombo siyanei nezvakanga zvataurwa pamusoro apa. Uyewo, kuva nadzurudzo chokurima dzika, izvozvo asi kwave kuchiita yakawanda kuchinja. Chokutanga, kunyange cursory kumuzikamwi achirova kutapudzwa mugodhi, iri kusvika kuruoko dzinoita kuti chipande wanamatira. Izvi rworudzi chombo anowanzotanga anonziwo rechiuto jeko.

Pasinei chokwadi kuti zvakagadzirwa ichi akazoita chisina kutsetseka velocity ari kufamba Zvombo aaiitawo uye nokudaro kunoderedza simba rayo kuuraya, inopa guru murwi maneuverability uye inoita zvikuru ngozi iri pedyo kurwa. Mune zvimwe zviitiko, mumwe tsvimbo refu cheni wakanamatira ivavo uremu, untwisted kuti aigona konzera rinorema nokupwanya nokurova.

Fighting mate - ndeve simba uye ushingi

Anounzwa munyaya mifananidzo zvombo (mhotsi dzangu uye avo okunatsiridza) achititadzisa kumiririra zvose kusiyana kwemarudzi, izvo akasika gunsmiths ose dzakasiyana uye nyika, kunobva zvakafanana zvokurima chokushandisa. The dzepedyo hama mhotsi dzangu dziri chete guisarme kwete, sezvo kukurukurwa kumusoro, asiwo kukombwa mashizha uye mowers - kurwa nemaforogo.

Kushandiswa muhondo kuti zvombo mhando iyi haana zvinoda kudzidziswa chinhu chinokosha - midziyo yavo yakanga nyore. Zvakanga zvakafanira kuva nesimba, simba kwomuviri uye Chokwadi, munhu wakanaka mugove ushingi kuti chinodiwa murwi pasinei chombo akanga akabata.