Kuputika panogumira negasi. ehupfumi zvokunyama gasi

Under negasi kunzwisisa musanganiswa rose magasi izvo akaumba norudo enyika vakazoroorwa anaerobic manyowa pane makemikari zvinhu. Ndiye mumwe anokosha zvicherwa. Negasi iri mudumbu nyika. Izvi zvinogona kuva nomumwe kana anamasumbu gasi chivharo mumunda mafuta, asi zvinogona anomirirwa muchimiro gasi hydrates, crystalline mamiriro.

ngozi ehupfumi

Negasi anozivikanwa kuti zvinenge zvose vagere dzakabudirira, uye kunyange kuchikoro, vana kudzidza mitemo negasi kushandiswa mumba. Zvichakadai, negasi Kuputika - Kazhinji. Asi kunze uku, pane vakawanda kutyisidzirwa vakadaro yakakunakira mano dzinofambiswa ne negasi.

Negasi chepfu. Kunyange zvazvo ethane uye methane haana muchetura kwaro chaiyoiyo chimiro, ane mhepo ine saturation munhu zvaizoitika kubitirirwa nokuda kwokushayiwa okisijeni. Izvi zvinonyanya ngozi usiku, panguva hope.

Putika usanyanyoratidza negasi

Uchikurukura mhepo, kana panzvimbo yayo chinoumba - okisijeni, negasi anogona kuumba zvinobata moto musanganiswa detonating chinogona kukonzera kuwedzera simba guru kunyange zvishoma moto bhuku, zvakadai sesasaradzi kana murazvo kubva wiring machisi, makenduru. Kana vakawanda vari negasi achiri pasi, uye kuvesa kupisa haangavi mukuru, asi putika simba kunoenderana kwokudzvinyirira kwomunhu kunokonzerwa musanganiswa hwepamusorosoro kufurirwa mhepo-gasi sezvamunoita, zvikuru simba nayo rinoputika.

Zvisinei, anenge munhu wose kanenge kamwe muupenyu hwake nemamiriro gasi vhinza, dzakaonekwa neDare maitiro kunhuwa, asi hapana kuputika kwakaitika. Chokwadi chokuti negasi anogona putika chete kana chaizvo kukura pamwe oxygen. Kune yakaderera uye yokumusoro putika muganhu.

Kamwe kubudirira Maharareri negasi (methane ndiro 5%), i.e. wevasungwa yakakwana kuti atange ari combustion maitiro, kuputika kunogona kuitika. Achidzikisa wevasungwa achabvisa mukana kuvesa. Zvakawandisa soro chiratidzo (15% methane) ndiko zvisingaiti kutanga combustion maitiro, tichitarisa kushaya mhepo, kana pane - okisijeni.

Putika usanyanyoratidza gasi kunowedzera kuwedzera aomerwa musanganiswa, uye kana musanganiswa rine inert magasi Somuenzaniso senitrogen.

² до 12 кгс/см ² . Gas nevezera ari Mapaipi vanogona zvakasiyana kubva 0,05 kgf / masendimita ² kusvika 12 kgf / masendimita ^2.

Kusiyana kuputika uye unopfuta

Kunyange zvazvo pakutanga kutarisa unofunga kuti kuputika uye nokupisa - zvinhu zvishoma zvakasiyana, chokwadi, azvaiitwa akafanana. Musiyano chete pakati pavo - ndiko kusimba nemapinduriro. Munguva kuputika mukamuri kana mumwe akanyudzwa nzvimbo maitiro kunoitika nokukurumidza chaizvo. The detonation chinozunguzirwa propagates pamwero kakawanda kupfuura kumhanya inzwi: kubva 900 kusvika 3000 m / s.

Sezvo methane rinoshandiswa mumhuri gasi Mapaipi - negasi, okisijeni inodiwa kuti kuvesa, zviri zvakare pasi Kazhinji.

simba Maximum zvinoitwa kuputika, kana okisijeni chipo hunonzi zvakakwanira combustion zvakakwana. Uyewo kuvapo uye mamwe mamiriro ezvinhu: gasi wevasungwa chaienzanirana kuvesa muganhu (nechepazasi muganhu pamusoro, asi pasi kumusoro) uye anopa moto aripo.

The jeti negasi pasina okisijeni netsvina, i.e. kwazvo yokumusoro muganhu kuvesa kupinda mumhepo zvichatsva rakadzikama womoto, kuti combustion pamberi propagates ari kumhanya 0,2-2,4 m / s kwomuzvarirwo mumhepo kumanikidzwa.

ehupfumi kuti magasi

Detonation ehupfumi kuoneka mune Paraffin dzinotevedzana Mahydrocarbon kubva methane kusvikira hexane. Molecular marongerwo uye samolecular uremu vakatsunga avo octane nhamba: detonation ehupfumi achagumburwawo pamwechete kudzikira samolecular uremu uye kuwedzera octane nhamba.

The Zvinoumba negasi rinosanganisira zvimwe Mahydrocarbon. Wokutanga - methane (kwemakemikari payakavakirwa CH _4). ehupfumi zvokunyama gasi ndeinotevera: Hauoneki, vakareruka kupfuura mhepo uye asina kwakanaka. It rakanyatsojeka zvinobata moto, asi achiri runako akachengeteka ari kuchengetwa, kana zvakakwana akabvuma nekuchengetedzwa. Ethane (C ₂ H ₆₎ kuri Hauoneki uye odorless, asi zvishoma kunorema kupfuura mhepo. Hazvina zvinobata moto, asi harishandiswi se huni.

Propane (C ₃ H ₈₎ - muchetura gasi iri Hauoneki uye odorless, vanokwanisa liquefied yakaderera kumanikidzwa. Ichi chinobatsira chinhu kunoita kuti kwete chete zvakachengeteka kutakura propane, asiwo chinosiyanisa kubva musanganiswa navamwe Mahydrocarbon.

Butane (C ₄ H _10): Zvisinei, utano ehupfumi kufanana propane gasi, ayo arambe achirema iri yepamusoro, uye kurema butane kwakanyanya kaviri kupfuura mhepo.

zivikanwa

Carbon dioxide (CO ₂₎ zvakare chikamu zvepanyama. The ehupfumi of gasi mumuviri vanoziva, zvichida, zvose hakuiti kunhuhwa, asi maitiro yakashapa kuravira. Rinowanikwawo dzakatevedzana magasi vane dukuduku toxicity uye rakasiyana nemamwe (kunze nehelium) noncombustible gasi anoumbwa dzinongoitika.

Nehelium (Iye) - chiedza chaizvo gasi, pashure hydrogen wechipiri Hauoneki uye odorless. Zviri inert chaizvo uye kazhinji asingakwanisi sei chero nenhumbi kuti haabatanidzwi muna combustion kwacho. Nehelium ndiyo ngozi, hakuna zvinokuvadza, panguva yakakwirira zvinetso, pamwe nemamwe inert magasi anopinda munhu kumamiriro ezvinhu yokutindivadza.

Rehydrogen sulfide (H ₂ S) - gasi pasina ruvara ane hunhu hwema mazai akaora. The rinorema uye chepfu chaizvo, zvinogona kukonzera olfactory tsinga dzomuviri kunyange panguva yakaderera kuwanda. Kunze putika panogumira negasi wakakura kwazvo, kubva 4.5% kusvika 45%.

Similar magasi

Pane vaviri yeHydrocarbon kuti uri kushandiswa pedyo negasi, asi nhengo dzayo haana kuiswawo. Ethylene (C ₂ H ₄₎ - akafanana ehupfumi kuti ethane, aine inofadza kwakanaka uye inova Hauoneki gasi. It ethane mupepa munhu arambe achirema duku uye flammability.

Acetylene (C ₂ H ₂₎ - Hauoneki putika gasi. Ndiye zvinobata moto chaizvo rinoputika, kana paiva simba marwadzo. Tichifunga izvi acetylene ngozi kushandisa muupenyu hwezuva nezuva, zvinoreva zvakafanana zvinoshandiswa nomoto.

Kushandiswa Mahydrocarbon

Sezvo mafuta mudzimba gasi midziyo yemagetsi anoshandiswa methane.

Propane uye butane zvinoshandiswa sezvo huni motokari (semuenzaniso, chemasanganiswa) uye liquefied propane ari kupomerwa ane vakareruka.

Asi ethane kashoma kushandiswa sezvo huni, chinangwa chacho chikuru mune indasitiri - kugadzirwa ethylene, iyo inogadzirwa munyika akawanda, Chokwadi chinhu mbishi mashoko polyethylene.

Acetylene rinoshandiswa kuti zvinodiwa indasitiri, zvinogona kuzadzisa dzakakwirira tembiricha kuti nomoto uye vakatema simbi. Sezvo zviri zvikuru zvinobata moto, hazvigoni kushandiswa senzvimbo huni, uye kuchengetera gasi zvakafanira wakaoma zvaidiwa ezvinhu.

Kunyange zvazvo rehydrogen sulfide uye chepfu mune chidukuduku akawanda rinoshandiswa mune zvokurapa. Izvi zvinonzi rehydrogen sulfide dzokugezera, ane oparesheni anobva akambozvishandisa kuuraya utachiona ehupfumi rehydrogen sulphide.

The chikuru chinobatsira pfuma nehelium - ayo pasi arambe achirema. Izvi gasi inert kushandiswa apo ichibhururuka pamusoro Balloons uye airships achibhururuka kuti kuzadza Balloons, yakakurumbira pakati pavana. Kuzvimba negasi havagoni kuva: Haasi anotungidza, saka unogona pasina kutya kupisa pamusoro ive moto rakashama. Rehydrogen coterminous pamwe nehelium mu periodic table, nyore, asi zviri zvinobata moto. Nehelium ndiyo chete gasi pasina nezvishoma pasi chero ezvinhu.

Terms zviri kushandiswa gasi mumba

Mumwe munhu uyo anoshandisa gasi midziyo yemagetsi, anosungirwa achiona kuchengeteka kurovedza. The mutemo wokutanga - kuongorora serviceability mano, nguva nenguva ongorora muchimbini gwaro uye kana akapa zvisingakuvadzi kuti combustion zvigadzirwa ari mudziyo. Pashure akatendeuka gasi mudziyo mavharuvhu vanofanira kuvharwa uye kuvhara vharuvhu pamusoro tangi, kana pane zvakadai. Kana akangoerekana kuvhiringidzwa gasi romugove Vakatumidza gasi nokutengesa anofanira pakarepo kana troubleshooting.

Kana mufurati kana imwe kamuri munhuwi gasi, unofanira pakarepo kumisa chero kwaiva kushandisa mano kwete zvinosanganisira midziyo, svinudzai hwindo kana hwindo kuti kufefetedza, uye ipapo kusiya kwakavakirwa Vakatumidza kwechimbichimbi mabasa (foni 04).

Terms zviri kushandiswa gasi mumba zvinokosha kucherechedza, nekuti kuchangotanga atadze kushanda zvakanaka kungaita kuti taisireva.