Zvinoumba negasi

Under anaerobic (kana anoxic methane) chinovira kuitika pasi biodegradation kuti makemikari zvinhu pamwe nokubudiswa methane (CH4 - nyore paraffinic yeHydrocarbon). Fani iyi inogona yakarondedzerwa zvakaitwa mukana wokuti vanhu vanga: makemikari nyaya + H2O → CH4 + C5H7NO2 + CO2 + NH4 + H2CO3. Zvinoguma yaibatsira zviwanikwa. It nhema pevhu idzodzo uye ari gaseous kana crystalline (muchimiro gasi hydrates - methane remubatanidzwa nemvura zviri kugadzikana panguva dzakakwirira nematambudziko uye tembiricha yakaderera vari permafrost) mamiriro. Uyezve, anogona zvazvichanyungudutswa mumvura kana ari mafuta. The Zvinoumba negasi hakusi kugara uye dzinosiyana neminda kubva kumunda.

The chikuru chezvinonhuwira chicherwa ichi methane, ayo tigutsikane iri zvinobva 91 kusvika 98%. Uyewo aine zvakawanda rinorema paraffinic Mahydrocarbon butane (C4H10), propane (C3H8), ethane (C2H6). Present inorganic zvinhu, zviri: rehydrogen (H2), senitrogen (N2), , carbon dioxide (CO2), rehydrogen sulfide (H2S), nehelium (Iye), mvura nemhute (H2O). The zvivako uye Kuronga negasi, uye muedzo nzira dziri yaidzorwa GOST 5542-87. Izvi zvinofanira Interstate yakazokudziridzwa uye akatanga muna USSR, uye ikozvino unoshanda dzinoverengeka Kishi nyika. Pachirehwa negasi mafuta rinoshandiswa sezvo mafuta uye mbishi zvinhu zviri indasitiri, uye sezvo mafuta ari mumhuri zvekutepfenyura.

It ndepana pakadzika kubvira mumwe wandei makiromita (kudzika kupfuura mafuta), sezvo kuumbwa panguva imwe yepamusoro kumanikidzwa uye tembiricha yakakwirira. udzamu Its kunobva musango Somuenzaniso, pedyo New Urengoy zviri zvikaramba panguva kudzika 6 km. Yakabudiswa patsime, kubva pasi gasi anopinda muunganidzwa hurongwa, uye ipapo chinogona vakagadzirira uye kuendeswa kune mutengi. Kugadzirira hwavapo pedyo yangu uye kubvumirwa chaiyo Unit, rakaitirwa kubvisa mvura (kuita zvokufambisa) nesarufa yeimwe (active zvinhu zviri ngura kuti kuderedza midziyo hwose uye zvinogona zvashata ezvinhu). The Zvinoumba negasi anoongororwa vasati uye pashure vachiyanikira ari Absorção de Água mbiru uye Yakanatswa rehydrogen sulfide.

In miti zvinobudisawo nehelium. Muchiitiko chino, matambudziko maviri zviri kugadziriswa. First - inert nehelium (Iye) kunoderedza unhu unhu inopiwa GOST 5542-87 Somuenzaniso, combustion kupisa. Chechipiri - yakatsaurirwa kugadzwa yakaderera-tembiricha kupatsanurwa nehelium kunodikanwa mapazi akawanda upfumi zvinokosha chigadzirwa, zviri kuwanikwa paminda pamwe mukati kupfuura 0.1%. Zvikaramba nehelium pasi kumusoro kumanikidzwa zvinoratidzwa kune vatengi vari simbi sepombi. The Qualitative Zvinoumba nehelium sezvo gasi nziyo yakanga vakaongorora pamusoro kugutsikana nouipi mune chaiyo namakemikari mumarabhoritari.

Zviri yeHydrocarbon zvinoriumba vakaongorora maererano GOST 23781-87. Maererano ichi mureza gwaro havatsananguri makemikari anoumba negasi chromatographic nzira. Nehelium, rehydrogen, senitrogen, okisijeni uye methane - chromatograph pamwe chafariz conductivity detector, sezvamakaropafadzwa chromatographic mbiru yakaiswa pamwe samolecular sieves. Mahydrocarbon uye carbon dioxide - chromatograph ane chafariz conductivity detector uye mbiru akazadzwa sferohromom kubatwa Eteri TEGM. The kugutsikana yenhengo C4-C8 - chromatograph aine murazvo ionization detector uye chromatographic mbiru pamu inert hwakasimba rutsigiro (Chromaton) kubatwa dimethylsilicone kana squalane. Vakaverenga Kuronga negasi muna muzana kubudikidza vhoriyamu.

Ongorora nezvimwewo zvatariswa izvo kuona kunaka chigadzirwa, dzimwe mumatanho siyana inoshandiswa, kubva nguva okuwana kusvikira wakurukura kuti mutengi. Somuenzaniso, mvura tigutsikane kuisa pamusoro dova pfungwa, GOST 20060-83. The hama arambe achirema pamusoro dzakakwirira uye ezasi calorific ukoshi dzaona maererano GOST 22667-82 uye inobva chezvinonhuwira nziyo yakawanikwa pedyo chromatographic nzira ongororo maererano GOST 23781-87. Kuti usarudze rehydrogen sulfide (H2S) uye mercaptan sarufa (RSH) anoshandiswa mumwe nzira nhatu (fotokalorimetrichesky, potentiometric kana iodometric) iyo inorondedzera GOST 22387.2-97 uye anosarudzwa zvichienderana zviri vakaongorora zvinoriumba. Vose zvidzidzo nemhaka iyo anozivikanwa Zvinoumba negasi rinoitwa kwemakemikari mumarabhoritari, izvo zvinofanira zvinodiwa zviri GOST R ISO / IEC 17025-2009.