Demography - uyu nesayenzi? Kukura demography. ano demography

Manheru - kuona nhau dzomunyika yose. Vanoiona kunzwa zvakawanda mashoko asina nguva dzose pachena uye haabvumiri kuti chose kunyudza pachako mumwoyo dambudziko. The wevanotungamirira dambudziko munyika, asi akaoma wevanotungamirira mamiriro, ari wevanotungamirira dambudziko - kazhinji mashoko aya chaibwinya kubva miromo enyika, voruzhinji, uye vaitungamirira evanhu. Kuti tinzwisise zviri mungozi, unofanira kuva aiziva rokuti "demography", ayo mavambo, budiriro uye basa iri kukura nzanga dzemazuva ano.

Kwakatanga sayenzi itsva

January 1662 zvinowanzodavirwa anoonekwa somusi kuberekwa demography sechinhu sainzi. Panguva iyoyo, iye haana aiva nezita iri ano. About naye vakatanga kutaura Dzhon Graunt mubhuku ane refu rokuremekedza, iyo yava nemamwe mashoko uye aizonzi nyore "Demographics maziso John Graunt, mugari London." Kudzidza apera panguva yorufu Angaswera, Graunt kutanga kuona kuti vokuparidzira aripo zvimwe mitemo. Nokuda devyanostostranichnoy kabhuku self akadzidzisa musayendisiti uye zvadaro vakauya kubatidza sayenzi matatu: evanhu, nhamba uye demography.

History of Nezvekwakabva shoko rokuti

Tichishandisa ichangopfuura, dzinoti muna 1855, ari French musayendisiti A. Giyyar yakabudisa bhuku panguva hapana kurondedzerwa zita iroro - ". Elements kwevanhu nhamba kana kuenzaniswa demography"

mutauro Russian akawedzera ichi izwi muna 1970, nokuda raizoitirwa St. Petersburg wechisere International Statistical Congress. Pakutanga, Demographics kuRussia akaziva kungovimba kwakafanana vanogara nhamba. Munzanga yanhasi, demography - chiitwa zvainanga date muunganidzwa, tsananguro uye kuongorora kuchinja nhamba, akafanana uye augmentable kwevanhu. Kushandisa izwi iri chimiro chipauro rinopa kukosha "kureva kudzidza Kuronga vemo."

What anoudza demography

Demography - ndiwo kudzidza nevanhu, miganhu kuparadzirwa uye Zvinoumba kwevanhu nesayenzi. Uyewo sezvo chikamu nesayenzi kudzidza zvikonzero Kuchinja Zvinoumba chavagari uye nzira zvisarudzo vanoshorwa nekuda munyika wevanotungamirira mamiriro ezvinhu. Panyaya iyi, demography - haisi sainzi, ndiwo chine unyanzvi kuti tichengetedze unhu uye vawedzere vanhu munyika uye nyika. Vagari inyaya kutsvakurudza demography.

Sezvo vezvikwata pamwe dzoga munhu, vaiona semaonero hwounhu siyana. Izvi zvinoratidza kuti Demographics - sayenzi womunhu, zera rake, pabonde, hwevakaroorana chinzvimbo, basa, dzidzo, dzinza uye zvimwe zvinhu.

Over upenyu nerimwe zviratidzo izvi zviri pasi kuchinja, izvo yekudyidzana kunokanganisa mukuru mamiriro vomuSouth. Kusagadzikana kwakadaro chamuita kuti izwi akadai kufamba kwevanhu. Rakakamurwa dzinongoitika, zvemaziso uye magariro.

Zvokukura kukura demography

Munguva dzekare, nevazivi akateerera vakawanda, ayo ukuru, asi matauriro kuti Uwandu Hwevanhu - icho sainzi, hazvina. Confucius akaedza kutsanangura hukama pakati vanhu uye uwandu panyika arable. Shure kwake, Plato, achirondedzera yakanaka mamiriro, akacherechedza kuti vagari vemo hazvifaniri kuva zvishoma pane 5040 vakasununguka vanhu.

A mboni Plato, naAristotle nokushingaira kudzidza diki kwevanhu. feudal nguva kunoratidzwa nokushandisa vanoshingaira matanho kuwedzera yevagari. Saka, mapurisa akaedza kusimbisa enyika uye dzemari, uyewo mauto. Kokutanga nevamwe chinhu sayenzi akatanga kudzidza Dzhon Graunt.

Demographics evanhu vemazuva ano

Kukurumidza kukura demography zvinonyanya yo pezana-ramakumi remakore, inova tsime kwakabva demography ano. Demographics kuvandudza uye kutanga basa rinokosha kugadzirisa matambudziko akawanda zvoupfumi uye magariro. Social demography - ibatanidzo sayenzi maviri, evanhu uye demography. Zvinonzi inobva kudzidza yakawiriranwa simba demography pamusoro evanhu ndiEzekieri.

Contemporary Demographics munotakura chaizvo ruzivo chawo, iyo kubatwa nemakore manonwe. The nzira kwesayenzi akabvumira kuziva ruzivo rutsva, kuva wevanotungamirira pachisara tsvakurudzo kuwanda, izvo kwakavakirwa Demographics. The mhuri rava chikuru che adzidze wevanotungamirira ezvinhu munyika. The kudzidza nesayenzi chavagari vakaisa maoko avo pamusoro masayendisiti makuru akadai Di Mendeleev, PP Semenov-Tiến Shan, SP Kapitsa.

uwandu hwevanhu kuputika

Remakore nemanomwe kunoratidzwa chinokosha kwouwandu hwevanhu. Chikonzero kuwedzera ichi akanga achiatapudzira zvokurapa kwakaderedza kufa. Maererano pamutemo data, vagari makore ane chiuru BC, aiva vanhu mamiriyoni mashanu. Kwemakore 2600 nayo yakawedzera mamiriyoni 450 chete.

uwandu hwevanhu kuputika wakaonekwa 130 makore akazotevera, nekuti panguva nhamba aigona kuwedzera bhiriyoni ichi nguva. Uyezve, kuputika yakanga zvikuru chinzvimbo, uye mumakore 44 panyika, paiva vanhu mabhiriyoni mana, pane zvichangobva mabhiriyoni maviri. vagari vepasi kuramba nokukurumidza uye zvose kukura, uye kubudikidza 2025 yevagari kuchaita kusapfuudza pachiyero bhiriyoni masere. Asi pane zvakafanotaurwa anovimbisa kutsakatika chavagari mashomanana emakore.

wevanotungamirira dambudziko

Remakore rechimakumi maviri aiva nguva kuderera wembereko uye kufa munyika munyika dzakawanda. The kukura chaigadzirwa usingashandi, kana zvakanga zvisiri. Dzimwe nyika vamene kubvisa. With chinokosha rutapudzo chavagari zviso uye Russia.

Chimwe chikonzero wokuRussia wevanotungamirira mhirizhonga pokuwa USSR. zvakawandisa yevanofa pamusoro pakuzvarwa iri kuchengetwa munharaunda dzakawanda. Munyika Asia, Latin America uye Africa, munyika yose kwevanhu rutapudzo kunokonzerwa yakakwirira kwevari yokutama.

Pakati zvinokonzera kuti wevanotungamirira dambudziko zvinosanganisira nhoroondo cataclysms, mwana mwero wokufa kwevanhu, madhorobha hwevanhu kukura, kwete kuda kuita mwana kupfuura mumwe, kushaya mari kwerunyararo mwana kupfuura mumwe, predominance ngakuite nevanhu pamusoro nehadzi.

The inertia of wevanotungamirira dambudziko ndiye muenzaniso: kana kuberekwa mwero ine mudanga kunaka kuitika, kuti kudzikira nhamba wevakadzi vanokwanisa bereka. Panyaya iyi, kutsvaka zvakanaka emuchina runobvira chete kana mukadzi uchabereka kazhinji vana.

Nzira matambudziko wevanotungamirira

Sezvo chikazozikamwa, yevagari kuputika tinoberekwa dzakawanda China. Kuti vagadzirise dambudziko iri, hurumende yakasarudza kwairamba mwana mumwe kunze wokutanga. The Zvakashatira nzira iri guru nhamba yevana kunyoreswa. Asi mugumisiro uripo, zvakare, gore negore kukura mwero kwakadonha kuna 1.8%. Zvichitevera muenzaniso China, mutemo vakasarudzwa uye India.

Panyaya wevanotungamirira dambudziko, pane zvinobudirira nyika mibayiro. Somuenzaniso, muna Russia kune chirongwa umo mukadzi akabereka mwana wake wechipiri, vanogamuchira maternity guta mwana wechitatu hurumende inopa nyika kuvaka dzimba. French uye vokuGermany maviri kana kupfuura vana zvikomborero hwakasimba.