Inotungamirwa, Mumakoreji uye mumayunivhesiti
Mari kushanda uye zvoupfumi kunyatsoshanda: kukarukureta fomura
Kutanga yemaitiro kuti pakuverenga mari-kubudirira aigona yekudyidzana kuti upenyu nyore mumabhizimisi. Kuti kuwedzera purofiti vhoriyamu mumwe kambani anoedza kuvandudza chigadzirwa mhando uye kuwedzera mari yavanowana kana kuti mari mari iri kugadzirwa kwacho kuitira kuderedza mari.
mhando kunyatsoshanda
Kunyatsoshanda rakakamurwa mhando mbiri. Chokutanga - zvoupfumi. Wechipiri - the socio-zvoupfumi.
Kana mutengo-kubudirira chokuratidza ndiyo kambani kukwanisa maximize uwandu Tingawaneiko yakagamuchirwa nayo. Chokuratidza kuti zveupfumi kunyatsoshanda - padanho waguta nezvinodiwa vemo.
Classic kunyatsoshanda kukarukureta
The vakawanda payakavakirwa nokuti pakuverenga mari-kubudirira kuri sezvinotevera:
EkEf = F / W, apo
EkEf - upfumi kunyatsoshanda;
P - mugumisiro yakatorwa inivhesitimendi;
W - mari chakakonzerwa namaneja kuti vabudirire mugumisiro.
Dai kushandisa nzira iyi kuverenga mari-kubudirira zviyero, nguva iyo rakagadzirirwa kwenguva pfupi. Mune imwe nyaya, indekisi ichi hachisi kukwanisa kuratidza desirability kuti mari, sezvo iri kwenguva pane zvimwe variables kuti haibatanidzi pamusoro payakavakirwa.
Mhedziso kunyatsoshanda
Panewo inonyatsoita kuti anoratidza mhedziso kunyatsoshanda. Ndizvo sezvinotevera:
Ee = abs (VaEf 1 - VaEf 0) / (K D + K * n), apo
Yaro abs - zvoupfumi kunyatsoshanda;
VaEfeso 1 - zvinonyatsorehwa mugumisiro mushure chiitiko;
Eph 0 - mugumisiro pamberi chiitiko;
Uye - zvachose mari;
K - Investments kuti zviitiko;
K N - pamutemo chinhu.
pamutemo chinhu
indekisi Izvi zvinoratidza zvinogona kuva shoma zvinogamuchirika efficacy ichi kana kuti bhora. The parameter ndiro ose mabasa imwe indasitiri, asi dzingasiyana zvichienderana nzvimbo.
The coefficient iri zvinobva 10 kusvika 33 muzana. Munharaunda wezvokutengeserana, nhamba 25% muna maindasitiri nemauto - 16%.
Kubudirira kushandisa zvinhu okuwana
Ose zvebhizimisi ane vashandi, wakaiswa uye achiparadzira achishandisa kugadzirwa. Pasina kwavari, kurimwa muitiro hazvishandi. Uyewo, makambani kuedza kuvandudza mashandiro yavo bhizimisi kuvandudza unongotaura.
Kuti ngaaverenge kunyatsoshanda wokushandiswa nerimwe izvi zvinhu, vachishandisa nzira dzavo. Vamwe dzinobva chete mazano.
Vakarongeka kushandiswa vashandi
Kuti kuyera papi kambani zvinobudirira rinoshandisa vashandi vayo parameters maviri. Rokutanga kutanga. The mupanda - ndiko kunzwisisa. Generation rinowanikwa sezvo nhamba uwandu kugadzirwa zvinhu kuti mari tsvimbo;
B = G / H, apo
In - budiriro;
About - bhuku zvigadzirwa kugadzirwa ari chirimwa;
W - mari chakakonzerwa namaneja ane zvebhizimisi munyika vechibharo.
Indekisi basa chiyamuro ndiwo Ivan Kuchin ari rapfuura chakarurama, uye anoratidza sei mari yakawanda inofanira kupedzerwa chirimwa vashandi, yakaitwa mumwe chairema chigadzirwa.
T = W / A = B -1 = 1 / B, apo
T - kunzwisisa;
In - budiriro;
About - bhuku zvigadzirwa kugadzirwa ari chirimwa;
W - mari chakakonzerwa namaneja ane zvebhizimisi munyika vechibharo.
The yemaitiro nokuti pakuverenga mari-kubudirira nekambani yevashandi zvinogona kuratidzwa sezvinotevera:
Yaro TR = ((D 1 * D - W 1) - (anenge 0 * C - D 0)) / Uye apo
Yaro MP - zvoupfumi kunyatsoshanda of basa simba;
About 1 - Vhoriyamu kugadzirwa pashure oupfumi vari vashandi;
C - mutengo mishonga;
Z 1 - mari inoshandiswa mushure chiitiko;
About 0 - Vhoriyamu rokutengesa kuti mari kwevanhu pfuma;
D 0 - mari inoshandiswa risati chiitiko.
Fixed midziyo (RP)
Pane nzira huru mbiri parameters kuti pakuverenga ari kunyatsoshanda wokushandiswa RP: guru zvibereko uye guru zvikuru. Capital negoho rinowanikwa sezvo nhamba kukosha zvigadzirwa zvose, iyo zvinoberekwa zvebhizimisi kuti gore rimwe, kuti paavhareji mutengo mari.
F O = VP / gore C apo
VP - zvose zvibereko boka tichitarisa mari (kusanganisira mari apera zvinhu uye basa iri mberi);
F pamusoro - kudzoka musi zvinhu;
With gore rino - PF ukoshi pa 1 gore paavhareji.
Chakarurama guta reshiyo ndiyo Ivan Kuchin rinodzokera kuna wakaiswa zvinhu. Kuona kukosha coefficient zvinogoneka pachishandiswa Masvomhu anoverengeka.
F F = (F o) -1 = 1 / F O, apo
F e - guta umbirimi;
F pamusoro - capital yauinayo.
Kuri kuti huru chezvinonhuwira kudzoka zvinoreva (Os) haawaniki, kuti kunobatsira zvikuru zvinogona tsunga sezvinotevera:
F = d (P gore / kari), apo
F e - guta umbirimi;
VI - kukosha kwakakomba goho hwemari nemashoko;
With gore rino - avhareji yegore negore kukosha wakaiswa zvinhu.
Ose makambani ari kuedza kuderedza guru reshiyo uye kuwedzera kudzoka musi zvinhu. Muenzaniso fomura kuti pakuverenga upfumi kunyatsoshanda kuti mari iri chirimwa uye midziyo iri sezvinotevera:
Of yaro = ((D 1 * D 1 - W 1) - (anenge 0 * C 0 - D 0)) / Uye apo
Yaro kure - zvoupfumi kunyatsoshanda kuti ngadzirambe zvinhu;
About 1 - Vhoriyamu kugadzirwa pashure oupfumi mu RP;
C 1 - mutengo zvigadzirwa mushure inivhesitimendi;
C 2 - mutengo mishonga kuti mari iri yakatarwa zvinhu;
Z 1 - mari inoshandiswa mushure chiitiko;
About 0 - Vhoriyamu rokutengesa kuti mari iri pazvinhu zvinhu;
D 0 - mari inoshandiswa risati chiitiko.
Achiparadzira zvinoreva (ari pp.)
zviratidzi zvitatu zvinoshandiswa kuona kubudirira kushandiswa kushanda guru:
- turnover zvazvingava;
- nguva turnover;
- On the kuzara chinhu. S.
On the turnover reshiyo. Saka C. ndechokuti guta negoho nokuda Os. It rinowanikwa ne nzira:
K v = RP / C obs apo
By vanenge - turnover zvazvingava;
RP - chinozoiswa by nhumbi tichitarisa mari;
With obs - avhareji uwandu vakasara pamusoro. S.
The coefficient pakati Utilisation ndiwo Ivan Kuchin pamusoro turnover reshiyo:
K S = (K v) -1 = 1 / v = C obs / PM, apo
K H - mutoro chinhu;
By vanenge - turnover zvazvingava;
RP - chinozoiswa by nhumbi tichitarisa mari;
With obs - avhareji uwandu vakasara pamusoro. S.
Turnover nguva - ndiwo uchida mazuva kuti kushanda guru akaita chimwe chimurenga zvakakwana, akaverenga sezvinotevera:
T v = L / v = K * D C obs / PM, apo
T iri - nguva motokari;
D - Mazuva ari vakaongorora kumwedzi;
By vanenge - turnover zvazvingava;
RP - chinozoiswa by nhumbi tichitarisa mari;
With obs - avhareji uwandu vakasara pamusoro. S.
The yemaitiro nokuti pakuverenga mari-kubudirira richaitirwa zviyero kuvandudza kushandiswa kushanda guta haibvi zvikuru pamusoro okuwedzera mari, asi musi mutengo rutapudzo.
Yaro obs = E and / E, apo
obs YAYO - upfumi kunyatsoshanda yokushanda guta;
EY - notional mumari kushanda guta;
Uye - kukura zvakabatanidzwa.
upfumi kushanda
The yemaitiro nokuti pakuverenga mari-kubudirira uye zvoupfumi zvinotaurwa aishandiswa zvikuru makambani kuti kwenguva pfupi mari aizomupa kuvandudza zvimwe remapazi dzavo. The yemaitiro wayo kukarukureta riri sezvinotevera:
VaEf = D - H * K, apo
VaEf - kwoupfumi;
D - mari kana mari kubva chiitiko;
Uye - mari matanho;
K N - pamutemo chinhu.
kushambadzira zvinobudirira
Advertising - iri kutaridza yokutengesa maturusi, chinangwa kushandiswa iri kuparadzira mashoko zvinhu, mabasa, vanhu, makambani, uyewo kukwezva vatengi. The yemaitiro nokuti pakuverenga mari-kubudirira pakushambadzira kunoratidza migumisiro vakawana pashure kuita zvokushambadzira chirongwa. The yemaitiro nokuti Pakusarudza coefficient sezvinotevera:
Ee = peji (VD 1 - WA 0) / I, apo
Its peji - upfumi kunyatsoshanda ezvokushambadzira;
HP 1 - kwakakomba mari pashure pakushambadzira;
HP 0 - Gross mari pamberi pakushambadzira;
Uye - mari pakushambadzira.
Kana pakuverenga kushandiswa zvinobudirira okushambadza nhau zvakaoma chaizvo kuti vaone sei zvakawedzera chakakomba mari yacho zvebhizimisi nokuda pakushambadzira. Hazvivimbisi kuti chekambani kwemari angadai akawedzera kana kambani regai zivisai pachavo kana dzavo nenhumbi. Pasinei neizvi, upfumi kushanda ezvokushambadzira ichiri nezvokurambana.
The zvoupfumi kunyatsoshanda wekambani
The chikuru chokukomborerwa boka - ndiwo mambure mubereko kwemari chinoramba pashure mari vose deducted uye vaibhadhara mitero yose. Hapana chikonzero kuwedzera zveminda, mari kuchawedzera kana chete kana mukuru kumhanya.
Saka dzekare kukarukureta zvoupfumi kunyatsoshanda hapasi kuratidza somugumisiro richaitirwa zviyero huchachinja yokupedzisira mugumisiro. Izvi imhaka yokuti rinowanikwa sezvo nhamba kwakaita kuti mari chete nokuda kwake kubudirira. Muzviitiko apo mugumisiro anoita mari zvakakomba, nechiidzo zvoupfumi kunyatsoshanda hakusi yakarurama nokuti hazvina kufungawo zvichibvira kuwedzera bhuku kugadzirwa mari.
The yemaitiro nokuti pakuverenga upfumi kunyatsoshanda pamusoro zvebhizimisi kungaratidzwa sezvinotevera:
N = yaro (Pe 1 - Pe 0) / I, apo
N yaro - zvoupfumi kunyatsoshanda of zvebhizimisi;
Pe 1 - mambure purofiti mushure inivhesitimendi;
Mwari bh 0 - mambure mari pamberi inivhesitimendi.
Long-rokuti inivhesitimendi chirongwa
Zvose pamusoro nzira pakuverenga kuti kunyatsoshanda chete inogona kushandiswa kwenguva pfupi matanho (kusvika gore rimwe). Nokufamba kwenguva, nzira nokuda kukarukureta asingachengeti chikonzero dhisikaundi zvinoita kuti zvigoneke kuti ngaaverenge desirability tenzi, kufungisisa nzira mari.
Zvazvakadaro, kuti nzira kuti pakuverenga mari-kubudirira chacho, iro rakagadzirirwa kwenguva, haako. The kwokugamuchirwa of mubhizimisi rinowanikwa pachishandiswa mambure varipo kukosha uye payback nguva, izvo zvinoratidza kuti nguva yakawanda inodiwa kuti mubhizimisi chirongwa achatsiviwa zvakakwana uye vakatanga kuti purofiti.
The mambure varipo ukoshi rinowanikwa sezvo Verengai vachibhadhara zvose uye mari kubva upfumi, kufungisisa dhisikaundi zvinokonzera rimwe kumwedzi. Formula TTS rinogona kuratidzirwa sezvinotevera:
TTS = (CF / (1 + p) 1) + (CF / (1 + p) 2) + (CF / (1 + p) 3) + ... + (CF / (1 + p) n), sezvamakaropafadzwa
NPV - mambure chipo ukoshi;
CF - mubhadharo aibuda (musiyano mari uye mari);
peji - the kubva muzana kukarukureta;
N - izwi inivhesitimendi chirongwa.
parameter Izvi zvinoratidza sei zvinobudirira kuti mubhizimisi mari. Kana ukuru NPV kupfuura kana akaenzana zero, izvo zvinoreva kuti zviri nyore kuva mubhizimisi chirongwa. In Kana apo anoratidza mambure chipo mutengo akaipa, zvinokosha kuita kukarukureta yomunyika kufarira kuona sei mari yakawanda iri akaripa kure.
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