Combat zvazvingava PM - sei vaitenderera paminiti zhinji? Makarov chivhorovhoro: Magadzirirwo

Makarov chivhorovhoro (PM 9 mm) - munhu Semi-otomatiki chivhorovhoro muna 1951, kutsiva TT chivhorovhoro uye nepfuti Nagant hurongwa. It yakazokudziridzwa Makarov Nikolay Fedorovich, Soviet mugadziri, yakatangawo imwewo yekutora midziyo. PM, nyore uye yakavimbika, yave uye anoramba mubasa pamwe Vezvemitemo uye muchiuto the Russian Federation, uyewo mune dzimwe nyika dzakawanda (Georgia, Siriya, Latvia, Laos, Kazakhstan, North Korea, Ukraine nevamwe). Zvisinei, Russia yava zvishoma nezvishoma vakatanga kutsiva chivhorovhoro chake Yarygin, PMM nedzimwe yokutevedzera. Chii chiri ichi chombo, isu vachanzwisisa mberi.

Rehurumende shanduro PM

Nokuda kwayo kucherechedzwa chakakurumbira vasiri kurwisa shanduro dzakadai mu kunotevera PM "Wii" uye mumwe version (PM-RF, "Berkut", PMR, PMG, MP-T), uyewo mhepo uye gasi (eg gasi chivhorovhoro "Makarych" pamwe inogadziriswa rabha mabara).

Mukurumari uye nyore akaita mukurumbira Makarov chivhorovhoro, mutengo wayo (kubva 3 zviuru. Kwiza nechekuzasi. In kunotevera nokuti PM) inewo ndinoiitawo yakanaka zvose, kune vakawanda vehurumende okunatsiridza Makarov chivhorovhoro. PM muRussia kazhinji unouya muchimiro chombo pneumatic (zvakare, nokuda kwayo kuzivikanwa). Kune mhando zvose mumhuri uye vatorwa. Somuenzaniso, MP-654 - kopi IZHMEH Makarov chivhorovhoro.

Pamberi kusunungurwa "Mutemo pamusoro Arms" iri kunotevera kazhinji nyore reworked rwisana PM (inodanwa kunzi oholaschivanie), akawanda asara ari dzokuchengetera nguva Soviet. Kuchinja uku zvaiva zvishoma: zviri kunongedza kuti "mugadziri" uye anodzivirira zvinhu, izvo usarega kuigadzirisa ari kurwisana PM. Zvisinei, iye zvino, kupfuura zvichidzika itsva vasiri rwisana yokutevedzera vari remakes, asi vose vakaita zvakafanana simbi zvombo.

The kambani German UMAREX unoberekawo akawanda yokutevedzera, akadai Umarex PM Ultra uye Makarov vake, uye 6 mm gasi-humburumbira chivhorovhoro Legends Makarov. The American kambani SMG anosunungura Bhaibheri Gletcher PM, iro rine yakamisirwa mutakuri bhaudhi. The chete shanduro yakatarwa puranga vane Borner - akasiyana kambani kubva United States, ane zita BORNER PM49 uye kugadzirwa muTaiwan.

MuRussia, sezvo vazhinji okunatsiridza sezvo kurwa (PMM, zvakawanda magazini yaanenge - 12 dzinenge zvombo, uye zvikuru simba katuriji 9x18), uye vehurumende, akadai "Baikal" 443 (mutambo chivhorovhoro), MR-442 "SKIF" polymer-azviveza uye dzinotevedzana IZH70 akasunungura kumusika dzokutengesa zvemitambo pfuti. Battle PM ane nhamba okunatsiridza.

mafuro

Pane zvisizvo kuti PB chivhorovhoro - a PM ine silencer kuti hachisi vangasimudzira kwechokwadi. Pasinei chokwadi kuti PB (chivhorovhoro chinyararire) uye ane mugove akatorwa pamasikiro PM (chitoro uye sei kusimba chikamu, chikungiso mashandiro), ndivo zvombo zviviri zvakasiyana zvachose. Munguva USSR, paiva kuedza kugadzira kuti PM ane silencer, asi mberi experimental batch mangé haana kuwana: mutsindo rutapudzo pamwero yakanga isina kukwana, asi nokuti dzikawedzerwa zviri hunde yakawedzera kusunungurwa rollback zvazvingava, izvo yakaitawo kusakara mashandiro. Zvichida, Saka, muna 1967 uye rakagamuchirwa kubva PB.

Zvino dzimwe nyika (China, USA nevamwe) kuti hapana okunatsiridza kurwisa Makarov chivhorovhoro ane silencer.

Chii chinonzi Makarov chivhorovhoro

The makwikwi, yakaitirwa muuto reSoviet muna 1948, akanga wakapindwa akawanda dhazeni vanatenzi Soviet. Chinangwa chaiva kuwana wokutsiva zvisingachashandi nepfuti Nagant uye TT chivhorovhoro, achiri mubasa.

Tula Tokarev chivhorovhoro, yakatanga muna 1930, chiedza zvakakwana uye chiine, nyore kutakura, asi ane vanoverengeka zvainovhiringidzawo. Mumwe wavo vari zviitiko kwatangwa kwepfuti (pakadai inorondedzerwa mubhuku "Anenge zvakakomba" Yuri Nikulin), saka kuti pfuti akanga haabvumirwi kupfeka pamwe atiza mumba katuriji. Chimwe drawback waiva kushaya munhu kunonoka pasuwo. izvi zvose zvakatungamirira kuti kwenguva refu TT chivhorovhoro akaunzwa kurwisa chido, uye kunogona kudhura musoja kana kushanda upenyu, nekuti dzimwe nguva anoenda kuburikidza pamusoro wechipiri. Zvakanga pamakakatanwa nekuipira zvokuti hazvina wakanyatsokodzera kuti vachiridzira kubva embrasures tangi. Kunyange zvazvo zvinodiwa izvi nevakawanda vaiona penga, pfuti German akapindura.

Uyezve, zvakanga zvombo zvakafanira kuti zvaizova chiedza, chiine zvakakunakira, uye Chikurukuru, nekukurumidza kwaizounza kupfura ezvinhu. A mharidzo akapiwa pfuti German "Walther PP", izvo haana kutanga kusvikira 1929. Paiva akawanda yokutevedzera siyana, asi zvakanaka zvakagadzirwa Makarov chivhorovhoro chaizivikanwa. PM unobvumidza muSoviet Vezvemitemo uye muchiuto kwemakore matatu pashure kuvandudza, munguva iyo mashandiro kwakavandudzika, akaita mamwe kuchinja diki.

Kunyange zvazvo neemhizha Makarov akatorwa sepokutangira "Walther PP," iye yekudyidzana dzakachinjwa izvozvo. Design nepfuti kukurukurwa hurongwa kwave nyore, mashoko ave multifunctional, vakawedzera simba ravo, zvichiguma yakawedzera upenyu basa uye rakavimbika.

Rizivikanwe Makarov chivhorovhoro 1949 kugadzirwa, iyo ichiri mumamiriro ezvinhu akanaka, kunyange zvazvo anga nastrel vanenge zviuru makumi mashanu kwepfuti. Izvi chaizvo, tichifunga kuti chiito chitubu PM rakagadzirirwa 4 th. Of kwepfuti (iri ndiro "mureza" chaiko pfuti dzakawanda Somuenzaniso, nokuti chete chivhorovhoro Yarygin).

Pakutanga, zvakanga zvakakodzera kuti makwikwi zvinodiwa kupa muenzaniso mushanduro mbiri, nokuti caliber 7h65 mm uye 9 mm. The PM akashandisa katuriji caliber 9h18mm pachinzvimbo 8h17mm. New bara caliber anoratidza kumbomira nani simba kupfuura bara 7,62h25 mm TT chivhorovhoro, kunyange zvazvo akanga zvishoma simba. Kuderera simba zvaiita kuti magadzirirwo yakasununguka gedhi uye yakatarwa dhiramu.

Pakutanga, nokuda rezasi simba katuriji PM rakagadzirirwa vachiridzira panguva pfupi chikuva, kusvika 50 metres, kunyange bara vakavhara simba riri kusvika 350 m.

patani

Sezvo zvakanaka, pane zvinokosha kusiyana chikungiso mudziyo, uye mukuru zvinobatsira yaiva yemasiraidhi chemabhazi mhikuriso, akawedzera Makarov. Shop PM chivhorovhoro uye fiyuzi zvanyanyisa zvimwe zvachinja. Kusanganisa mashandiro anoita mashoko pamasikiro PM kwakaita kuti zvive nyore uye zvikamu pachavo - iri dzinokwanisa chiduku kufananidzwa "Walter PP". Somuenzaniso, suwo kunonoka magadzirirwo Makarov chivhorovhoro ane reflector basa dzisimbe uye chiito chitubu ndiyewo chitubu sear, cocking mhikuriso, apo kuisa vakachengeteka hove - nenyundo rebound yechirimo. Lower chitubu latches vanounganidza yakaderera kuguma mainspring.

In chepakutanga chikamu zvinoriumba, dzakadai fuses uye vachiridzira mbambo chitubu, tine yakaoma chimiro, asi nokufamba kwenguva ndakatanga kushandisa michina mitsva, achibatsirwa izvo zvaibvira kuderedza mari.

"Walter PP" aiva Kunonoka vachiridzira kwakakonzerwa ndechokuti katuriji kamuri spiked aine bevel. Makarov dzinenge chose yakapedza dambudziko iri uye kubudirira yakanakisisa nhamba kukwirira katuriji kamuri yakatenuka ari bevel, saka, pamwe mukuru nzvimbo iri pamusoro katuriji ari muchitoro, anenge kubvisa ngozi utykaniya katuriji ari bevel.

Magadzirirwo PM

Shooting ndiyo kwepfuti kuroorwa. Nokuda anoitwa pasi mashandiro achienzaniswa "Walter PP" rwisana zvazvingava akawira yakati PM. Vaitenderera paminiti anogona kuita Makarov chivhorovhoro 30 pamusoro 35-40 kwepfuti panguva PP.

chivhorovhoro aine magazini yakazara Weight iri 810 d

PM akapomera 9mm mabara (chivhorovhoro cartridges 9x18), muchitoro ane kukwanisa 8 zvidimbu.

pfuti kureba 161 neMM, nekukwirira - 126,75 mm. Upfu 4 rine Makarov pfuti rifling caliber 9 mm. Kureba katuriji PM ndiyo 25 neMM, kuti Chuck uremu - 10 g, uye bara pacharo anoyera 6,1 d
Mumwe Pfuti wanamatira magazini haringakupembedzi, holster, chivhorovhoro bhandi uye vachidzipukuta.

Pistol kupfura

The zvinoitwa inobva PM anodzoka blowback. Nokuda elasticity zvaipfekwa pamusoro hunde yacho kudzoka kwematsutso uye mukanyiwa pamusoro shutter, pakazovharwa hunde kunoitika. Rinokonzera Uine rukungiso, kaviri chiito. Free vachiridzira Pin aigona hunonzi kutungamirira vaingoerekana bara kana akadonha kubva kumusoro kukwira, kana zvimwe simba zvokuimba kwechirwere, nekuti haina chitubu, izvo zvaizoita kuuita shure chinzvimbo. Zvisinei, Makarov haana kufunga mukana uyu zvakakwana.

Kana kudzingwa basa, chikungiso rinoshandisirwa nokuda nyundo ichivhuvhuta, mauri Kamudzira raputsika Collet. The propellant nokuchengeta iri dzakaparira, propellant magasi anobudiswa pasi kumanikidza iyo bara riri vabudiswa Upfu. Chete pressurized magasi achipfuura pasi ruoko Anodzokera Shure bhaudhi. Iye ane katuriji ejector, nokudaro compressing kudzoka kwematsutso. Pamusoro neVadzidzi reflector ruoko kubudikidza shutter hwindo zvabuda panze.

Chimwe musiyano kubva "Walther PP" - recharging apo fiyuzi. The PP hapana shutter zvechizarira, saka zvinokwanisika recharge, uye GR suwo kuvharidzirwa. Makarov chivhorovhoro inogona kupfeka murindi mushure chitoro akaiswa, uye mukamuri kutiza Collet. Zvakachengeteka avabvisa cocked nenyundo, iye akabva vachiridzira mbambo kukurukurirana kwacho uyewo ushamwari kana fiyuzi mberi rukungiso.

The "Walther PP" asati vachiridzira yakachengeteka mhikuriso anofanira kuunzwa rokumusoro chinzvimbo, uye PM - rezasi, zviri nyore. Zvinonzi vakasiiwa rwemberi bhaudhi. Kana vachiridzira chinhu ane: chikungiso wokutanga Dhonza pave pashure richikwidibira mureza fiyuzi, zvinoda zvakawanda simba (anenge 3,5 kg) sezvo chikungiso iri pamusoro ferrule uye cocked chivhorovhoro samovzvodom kushandiswa. In Zvakazoitwa kwepfuti nenyundo inofanira kupiwa ari cocking chinzvimbo, uye kuti bara zvinoda mwoyo diki (1.5 kg), zvichikonzera yakawandisa zvinoenderana revarwi mwero PM.

Nokuti mukuru zvakarurama, kuti bara rokutanga pashure kubviswa pfuti kubva fiyuzi inogona kuitwa platoon rukungiso manually kukonzera panguva imwechete kuzvipa shure, uye kana iri kuti bara wokutanga achava kumbonyanya chiedza kudzvanya chikungiso.
Kuzvibaya Next zvinogona kuitwa chete pashure mukasunungura chikungiso
(Sezvo PM haina arongera vachiridzira tungamidzana). Mumwe nomumwe wokudhinda mutsva kuchaita kuti moto kusvikira kusvikira vakashandisa zvombo zvavo zvose zviri muchitoro. Panyaya iyi, gedhi, vakamira yemasiraidhi chemabhazi unorambira rwemberi chinzvimbo.

Parts uye zvigadziriswe Makarov chivhorovhoro

The chivhorovhoro ane 32 zvikamu, uye zvinotevera chikuru kati:
- chitoro;
- ondomoka hove;
- furemu pamwe rukungiso varindi uye dhiramu;
- kubata ane sikuruu;
- rukungiso (rukungiso mashandiro);
- mumwe returnable chitubu;
- vharafu nekuchengetedzwa, ejector uye muridzi wengoma.

pfuti disassembly

Pfuti, pfuti zvikurukuru, zvinoda kugara kuongorora. Izvi zvichaita nokukurumidza kubatsira kuona zvichiitika zvikanganiso uye kudzivirira matambudziko zvinobvira. Mukana zvizere uye kukwana dismantling. Complete disassembly haigoni kuitwa kakawanda, sezvo izvi ukurumidze muitiro kusakara zvikamu mashandiro, uye kunoderedza upenyu basa. Mienzaniso disassembly kwakakwanira rokuongorora, chokudzivirira lubrication kana kuchenesa pashure kupfura, wakakwana chete kudiwa rokuchenesa pashure mamiriro mamiriro okunze (rova chivhorovhoro mumvura kana chando, rokugadziridza kana ndiwedzere kuti mafuta itsva).

Pane zvinhu zvinoverengeka mitemo inofanira kutevedzerwa muzana ungano uye disassembly pamusoro pfuti:
- Disassembly uye ungano rinoitwa pasi yakachena;
- kuisa zvidimbu kuitira peungano;
- nokungwarira mukugadzirisa zvenhengo pasina pakarepo kuvhunduka uye simba kunyanya kushanda;
- kana vanoungana dzakawanda pfuti: Kutarira vakaverengwa zvikamu, kuti arege kuvhiringidza zvikamu pfuti pakati pavo.

Mienzaniso disassembly kuti kuchenesa uye rokuongorora

The chitoro rinobviswa mujinga mubato. ruoko rworudyi yaiva naye, ipapo kudhonza shure magazini hove vakundikane kurudyi thumbs uye forefinger kunonoka magazini butiro wakabata yakabudikira chikamu. Saka, anobviswa chitoro.

Unofanira nechokwadi kuti hapana katuriji mukamuri, nokuti ichi zvakakodzera kubvisa pfuti kubva rwavarindi, noruoko rwake rworuboshwe kubata shutter yose nzira shure, vachiisa pamusoro yemasiraidhi chemabhazi, uye ipapo kuona yomukati. Kodzero thumbs kuti achizviendesa yemasiraidhi chemabhazi uye kudzikisa shutter.

Izvi zvinoteverwa kupatsanurwa kubva shutter kubva pamatanda. ruoko rworudyi akatora pfuti kubudikidza mubato rayo, kuruboshwe - kudzika pasi chikungiso varindi. Cheka nzira yayo kuruboshwe iri pamatanda, mberi parsing kuramba nayo munzvimbo ino, kodzero indekisi chigunwe.

Noruoko rwake rworuboshwe kubata shutter yose nzira shure uye musimudze kubva shure, uye nokuda Zvakaitwa kudzoka kwematsutso, izvozvo kuchaita mberi, pashure pacho inogona kuparadzaniswa pamatanda. Danho rinotevera richava kudzokera kunzvimbo chikungiso varindi.

Bvisa kudzoka kwematsutso. ruoko rworudyi apo akabata mubato pamusoro pamatanda, bvisa Upfu kubva patsime nekuvhura kuruboshwe.

ungano Procedure

Gungano anotanga nekwekupedzesera, pamwe kudzoka kunzvimbo kudzoka kwematsutso. ruoko rworudyi kutora furemu parutivi mubato, uye akasiya kuisa tsime iri hunde. Inokosha: Unofanira orisunga mugumo, apo wokupedzisira ose dhayamita duku kupfuura dzimwe.

Izvi zvinoteverwa asapinda shutter puranga. Rworudyi rwakabata mubato puranga, vachibatirira chimiso chakaunzwa zvakasiyana mugumo chisimbiso mugero ari kudzoka kwematsutso, pashure iyo tora yokunyanyisa nzvimbo kuti chisimbiso mugero kuburikidza kuruboshwe ruoko akaenda kunze tomu mugove. Zvadaro, rwemberi mugove shutter kuderedza furemu wayo longitudinal anooneka zvikuru nemichinjiziri vanofanira kukodzera mune cheap car insurance pamusoro pamatanda. Zvadaro, tikarega izvozvo, apo zvakasimba vachisundira shutter. Zviri pasi aomerwa kudzoka kwematsutso anouya mberi chinzvimbo, uye ipapo vakasimudza fiyuzi bhokisi.

Apo vanoungana pfuti hazvireve pave nokushapira rukungiso murindi sezvo panguva disassembly. Zvinokwanisika kusimudza rwemberi kuguma shutter kuitira kuti rezasi rusvingo pamberi haina akavigwa penyika chikungiso vavarindi, rinokutadzisa kufamba zvechizarira kumashure.

In mhedziso - musana shopu mujinga mubato. Wakabata pfuti noruoko rwake rworudyi, mubhokisi dzakaderera pakudzika mubato kuti dzinoisa muchitoro, vakabata pamwe napagumwe roruoko uye forefinger ruoko rwake rworuboshwe. Nekudzvanya pamusoro magazini pakavha, asi kana haana rova rwake, ngaauye nacho kutsvakwa nzvimbo uko chihuri donhwe parutivi Tab, inowanikwa kubva kumugumo parusvingo muchitoro.

Kusvikira kumusoro kuripfekenura, tarisa kana ungano rinoitwa nemazvo. Kuti aite izvi, kuzodzosera fiyuzi, dhonzai shure uye kusunungura shutter. Kana wakaita zvakanaka, zvino, wakati chakaita zvishoma mberi, shutter ane itange yemasiraidhi chemabhazi, izvo zvichaita kuzvisiyira rwemberi chinzvimbo. Zvadaro, rwenyu rworudyi thumbs kuti kuvaparadzanisa chihuri bhaudhi kunonoka. Under kumanikidzwa kudzoka kwematsutso zvichava nesimba kuti vakadzokera kumberi nzvimbo. Achaita rinokonzera cocked. Zvino unofanira osimudza fiyuzi bhokisi, ipapo anouya kure chikungiso pamwe cocking uye vachaitwa kuvharidzirwa.

Zvakarurama uye kururama moto

Shooting kubva chivhorovhoro apo vachiongorora hondo rinoitwa pasi chinhambwe 25 M dhayamita dzeraundi chipfuro masendimita 25, iyo akatasva nhovo 1x0,5 m. Kana makomba mana pamwe mudenderedzwa vane dhayamita haasi masendimita anopfuura 15, kuita anonzi chakaipa. Kana kudzingwa basa, kuti bara ane nokumhanya 315 m / chik.

Its mhando Makarov chivhorovhoro ane wakanaka zvakarurama unongotaura. akapararira panguva vachiridzira nharaunda 10 mm ndiyo 35 m, 25 M - 75 neMM, uye 50 M - 160 mm.

Combat raté PM

Maererano nhamba chaiyo pakati PM ari chaizvo muduku PP, asi kwave kuchizivikanwa sezvo zvakanaka nokuda nezvimwe uye kwemakore anopfuura mashanu, anoramba ari mabasa Russia, uye ichi akafanana yakakurumbira trehlineykoy (mapfuranhunzi pfuti Mosin, iyo yave basa pamwe Russian Army kubvira 1881 kusvika 1945). Kunyange zvazvo maitiro Nagant nepfuti zvishoma kwazvo navo, akagara basa pamwe Army anenge 117 apfuura. States kuti havana chikoro dzavo zvombo kugadzirwa, kuitira kure iri kushandiswa PM.

Zvino vakatanga zvishoma nezvishoma yokutsiva iri PM iri mailbox. Combat zvazvingava zvichienzaniswa PM pfuti Yarigina ane musiyano muna 5 vaitenderera por wechipiri (35 and 30 Y pamusoro IL PM) anewo mbiri-mutsara mailbox chitoro (18 vaitenderera pamusoro 8 PM) pamwe chete rakarurama kupfura. Tomu velocity AEs kumusoro 100 m / chik. Zvisinei, IL zvishoma zvikuru (198 mm pakureba pa 168 pamusoro PM) uye kwakanyanya (AEs uremu - 910 d aine magazini varara, ndizvo 100 g kupfuura uremu PM ine magazini yakazara).

Pane vaviri chokukomborerwa yevanhu: michina neechiuto. Technical pakutsvaga sei dzinenge dzakawanda paminiti vanogona kuregedza tambo, dzakakudzingai nguva kunodiwa kuti recharge uye kuona (izvo zvinogona dzinosiyana 1.5 masekonzi kubva handguns, kusvikira 20-30 chik pa zano antiaircraft pfuti mune chinjikira uye tote).

Pakusarudza chii mwero kuhondo PM chivhorovhoro 9 neMM, mune tsika, dzinofanira kuzokurukurwa sezvo zvaangaita nuoli uye okunze, izvo kazhinji kuwedzera nguva inodiwa kuti aiming. Avhareji vose Semi-otomatiki pfuti: 30-40 vaitenderera por wechipiri. APS (Stechkin otomatiki chivhorovhoro) rinopa nhamba 40/90 bps (anokanda kwepfuti kuroorwa uye watsemuka, ukuwo). Naizvozvo mwero varwisane of PM chinonyanya hunotsamira pamusoro tsono uye nguva inodiwa kuti achengetere shanduko.

Maererano mwero PM, uyewo CT, mukuru zvisingachashandi nepfuti Nagant ezvinhu, kunyange yokupedzisira shanduro mbiri kuvapo, musoja uye mukuru. In vakuru 'chivhorovhoro' pane kuzvidzora cocking mudziyo. Zvisinei, zvose zvombo vari wakabudiswa Russia, zviri zvakafanana: rakavimbika uye nyore nyore okunze akaipa (kunyange zvazvo asingadi kubvisa kudikanwa kuchenesa), uyewo kumusoro maintainability. Pakanga zvagara uye Makarov chivhorovhoro. Mutengo zvakare kwagara chinogamuchirika, kunyange zvazvo "nepfuti" uye akabvunza aro kugadzirwa rakanyatsojeka zvikuru vashandi vanokwanisa.