Kubatana Astrakhan Khanate. Accession kune Russian Astrakhan State

Kubatana Astrakhan Khanate kuRussia akanga kare vakaumbwa, sezvo vanoverengeka inoti vakaumba somugumisiro pokuwa Golden Horde uye nguva dzose kurwa pakati pavo, ivo vangangokukuvadza kumaodzanyemba-kumabvazuva pamuganhu Russia. The kusimba nyika, kunyanya kana waivawo pamharadzano yenzira dzaishandiswa pakutengeserana, kwagara dzaida simba anorichengeta. Uye Vakwikwidzi kuti basa iri raiva zvakakwana.

Shard Yechinwiwa Horde

Astrakhan Khanate akazviratidza XVI remakore ari Lower Volga. It Tatar mamiriro rakaumbwa pashure pokuwa Golden Horde, uye riri kurutivi rworudyi kumahombekombe Volga. Guta guru ake - Xacitarxan - riri 12 km kubva chipo Astrakhan. Chokutanga, muna 1460 akaumba Big Horde, ndizvo chinokosha aimbova Golden Horde. Rakanga inotungamirirwa Han Mahmud, akanga agere guru - guta Sarai. vanakomana vake vaviri havana kugoverana simba, uye Hasim, vakaenda kunzvimbo dzakaderera kunosvika kuna Volga, akasika munhu yoga mamiriro. Full rusununguko nayo wakagamuchira 1502, mushure kukunda mauto ari Crimean Khanate pamusoro hondo Horde Great.

kunobatsira muvakidzani

Apo Hasim pakati Moscow, apo akanga Ivan III, uye Haji-Tarkhan akasimbisa dzaishandiswa ukama. Zvikepe nomunyu akauya apasi kunosvika kuna Volga River iri guru. Nhoroondo All Russian anoratidza kuti kutengeserana Russia ine chete zvinobatsira mativi. The Haji-Tarkhan aiva guru muranda pamusika, uye yakaomerera zvigadzirwa kubva kunyika dzakawanda. Zvisinei, Astrakhan Khanate haana simba akazvimirira simba. Kuva pane yakakodzera chaizvo nzvimbo, kwagara chinodiwa zvakatapwa vavakidzani ayo uye kupfuura. Crimean uye Kazan khanate, Nogai Horde, hurumende iri kuumbwa somugumisiro pokuwa Golden Horde, uye riri pakati Volga uye Urals, Khorezm - havana averse kuzotora muvakidzani simba. Kunyange Turkey akaedza kusimbisa khanate kudzora.

kaviri mutambo

Kubatana Astrakhan Khanate ndava pamusoro wenyaya. Vose vatongi wechiTatar mamiriro pamwe Moscow vakanga kutamba mutambo kaviri. Pasinei kubatsira pachena wezvokutengeserana uye ushamwari Russia, Khan Abdul Rahman akasaina chakavanzika sungano kuCrimea uye Turkey. Kunyange zvazvo izvi zvisati zvaitika, muna 1533, pasi pokudzora kwomudzimu "Russian yebato" kuumbwa paruvazhe rwake uye norupo bribed Russia, Astrakhan Khanate akagumisa Moscow rakawedzerwa zvokutengeserana uye chibvumirano enyika, umo vaitaura nezvoushamwari uye rubatsiro tose. Direct kubatana of Astrakhan Khanate akatanga panguva yaitonga Ivan anotyisa. Moscow protege Dervis Ali uye Abdul-Rahman kubvira 1533 kusvika 1556 kanoverengeka vakabudirira mumwe pachigaro choushe.

A protege of Crimea uye Turkey

Chete mumakore 1552-1554 kwavo hondo akabudirira rakapinza imwe protege pakati Crimea - Yamgurchi vane maitiro, kusanganisira kusungwa uye kuutapwa wokuRussia mumiririri, saka dzinoronga kubudikidza ipapo mubati Russia, ivo muna 1554 vakanga vatora rwendo wokutanga kumasvingo Xacitarxan . Asi accession of Astrakhan Khanate akanga asati chinangwa. Vaida kuiswa simba muranda of Moscow, ndokumugadzika pachigaro choushe chete Dervis Ali. Kudivi rimwe, pashure kuwa Kazan Astrakhanskoye weutungamiriri vachifunga munjodzi ikanyarara nokusateerera Moscow haateereri. Kune vamwe - kwakawedzera pamwe zviito Crimea uye Turkey, izvo yakapa rubatsiro Yamgurchi. Ugororo uye kubatana mumwe reCaspian Ambassador Sevastyana Avraamova zvitsuwa saka chakatsamwisa Ivana Groznogo, kuti pasi Volga akatumwa Strugi vakanyatsoshongedzwa mauto 30-zviuru. Vairarama Ignatius Veshnyakov uye Yuri Pronskiy-Shemyakin. Kubva chikamu ichi vehondo kutyaira uye Dervish Ali. Prince Vyazemsky pamwe Boka 2,500 varume Danila Chulkov makuru idzodzo ari Cossacks akaita voga.

Kushaya pragmatism

Nhoroondo All Russian anodzidzisa vavengi nyika yedu regai kumhura kwake uye kuti vazvibate noruremekedzo nesimba guru, nokuti motokari achauya hazvo. "Mashandiro Astrakhan" akatanga muna May. Mauto All Russian vaifanira kusangana uye vanobatana munharaunda yacho narrowest pfungwa pakati Volga uye Don, rinonzi Perevoloki. Izvi aivawo kutaura mauto-Nogai Horde Khan Ismail, rubatsiro rave kuchaitwa pamutemo shanduro rutsigiro. Havana kuuya, zvichida nokuti "East - a kuputsika nyaya." Asi zvose zvakafanana zvikwata uye Viazemsky Pronsky vakaputsa chose yakabuda kunovachingamidza kutsigira zviri Astrakhan Khanate, pakati pavo vaiva Janissaries. Yamgurchi akatizira Azov, tichisiya zvose - vakadzi (Hanshi), vana revakadzi. The guru wakabatwa pasina kurwa. Pachigaro choushe akanga agere ari protege of Moscow, akapika kwaari rutsigiro.

Zvakare chete "hara"

Asi chaiwo aida of Astrakhan Khanate zvakaitika gare gare. Uye ipapo mutero wakaiswa kubhadhara akanga kunyanyisa (1200 rubles esirivha, 3000 2.5-mutinhimira Sturgeon, vakasununguka kutengeserana yose Khanate), kana kuti mhepo iri guru kwakanga kwakadaro, asi Dervish Ali, katatu perching musi Moscow choushe, muchivande vakatsigira kuCrimea uye Turkey. The Kuedza akabatana muzvikwata zvisina tsarukano anotsvaka kupukunyuka Ismail, uye, pakupedzisira obnaglev, Astrakhan Khan anotumira kubva guru gavhuna Russian. Ivo, Chokwadi, akakumbira, uye ikozvino Mhedziso uye chaiwo kubatana pakati Astrakhan Khanate kuRussia akanga chisingadzivisiki.

Anopisa uye batanidza

Chinangwa kufora wechipiri musi Astrakhan, raparurwa muchirimo 1556, kwaiva kuchaitwa kwakakwana rusununguko zviri Khanate. Mauto zvabatanidzwa, chokwadi, zvakanga kuri. Chaiva uta uye nevarwi Vyatka, Volga uye Don Cossacks kufora nomumwe pachavo kuunza pamwe chete pedyo Astrakhan. Uwandu mauto havana kupfuudza 3,000, zvichiratidza simba vanozvikudza Khanate. Kutaura zvazviri, guta rakundwa chete kusvika masvingo aro ari yokuzviparadzanisa of Volga Cossacks rokutanga achitungamirirwa Lyapunov Filimonov. Uye, kunyange zvazvo ari weboka Dervis Ali akakwanisa kudhonza mauto eRussia, kukunda yakanga zvakakwana, uye Astrakhan pasina zvibvumirano akapinda Russia.

Next - Trans-Urals uye North Caucasus

Kubatana Astrakhan Khanate, musi - August 26, 1556, zvakanga neta neta uye akabatanidzwa inokosha basa rokupedzisira kuora vari vakasara Golden Horde. Zvishoma nezvishoma, vaiva chikamu Russia kana akabvuma muranda kuvimba nayo: muna 1557 - the Nogai Horde, uye ipapo mugore iroro Bashkiria. Uye muna 1560, kuRussia mamiriro kumuganhu kumabvazuva kunoitika muna Urals, kumaodzanyemba-mabvazuva - pedyo Terek. Chaizvoizvo, mashoko Kazan uye Astrakhan Khanate kuwa kwake akazarura nzira kukurudzira Russia kuna Urals, Terek uye Kuban. Zvino kune nyika yedu paiva mubvunzo pamusoro kupinda muna Urals uye North eCaucasus. Asi zvakanga mubvunzo reRussia yokumwe mutemo mune ramangwana, uye akanga akabatana Volga mudunhu iri XVI remakore Ivanom Groznym zvakazara, akapa kuti basa-mubhadharo kutengeserana. Mukuwedzera, kukunda Nyika Khanate pakati Astrakhan akagovera kudzivirira kumiganhu Russia kubva kumaodzanyemba, kubva Crimean Khanate, muvengi ane simba uye zvechigarire.