Elasticity kuti kudiwa

Kudiwa akataura chido chokuva solvent vatengi kutenga zvigadzirwa zvimwe mitengo. At moyo chido ichi ndiyo pfungwa shoma utility kwenhumbi (kuwedzera utility kudyiwa nechimwe akatenga chigadzirwa chikwata). Kudiwa ane zvakananga simba vanotenga simba pamusoro mutengi. Pamwero yakasiyana-siyana mitengo vatengi vanogona kutenga uwandu nhumbi dzakasiyana. The mitengo dzakakwirira, apo kuramba mamwe mamiriro ose, rezasi kwokudiwa, ndiEzekieri.

The elasticity zviri kudiwa inoratidza mwero nehanya kudiwa nhumbi kuchinja-siyana zvinoita (mutengo, mari vanhu, etc.). Kana kudiwa chigadzirwa iri zvikuru pakufambira nokuchinja Somuenzaniso, mutengo nokuti, inonzi kwakavharwa nenyama kana mutengo asina maturo kudivi kudiwa, kunonzi inelastic.

Kusiyanisa zvokuzvivaraidza elasticity kuti kudiwa:

1. yakandinakira mutengo. The coefficient pamusoro chakarurama ichi rinowanikwa sezvo nhamba yacho kubva muzana vachinja kudiwa kuti kubva muzana shanduko mutengo. Kana mutengo kuchinja kudiwa kunogona kwakavharwa nenyama, inelastic , kana kuva chete chakarurama.

elasticity Izvi zvinoenderana nezvibereko waida, uwandu yokutsiva chinhu uye nguva chinhu.

2. Income elasticity. The coefficient ndiyo nhamba kuchinja kudiwa kuti kuchinja (kuwedzera kana kudzikisa) mari vatengi somunhu chikamu. Zvinoratidza zvikuru sei bhuku kudiwa chigadzirwa kana kuchinja nevatengi mari ne 1%. The coefficient inogona akanaka kana akaipa.

Zvichienderana mugumisiro yekupindurwa kwokudiwa mari, kusiyanisa mapoka akadaro nhumbi: muchikwata soro (unhu zvigadzirwa) - kudiwa riri kukura zvakaenzanirana kwemari kukura; muchikwata yepasisa (zvakachipa pasi-unhu nhumbi) - iri zvinopesana; zvinokosha zvinhu (kudya kwavo chaizvoizvo pasina kuchinja mari).

3. Cross-elasticity kuti kudiwa. The coefficient exponent vagara vandifungira nhamba shanduko kudiwa chete chigadzirwa fomu (X) kuti vachinje kudiwa dzimwe mhando zvinhu (A). Kana reshiyo mukuru mumwe, kuchinjaniswa zvigadzirwa, kana zviri zvishoma, ipapo dzinopindirana; kana zero, zvinoreva kuti nhumbi chokuita.

Musi elasticity kuti kudiwa kunokanganisa zvinhu zvinoverengeka:

• Nguva chikonzero. Kana nguva iripo, kusarudza kutenga kwokudiwa nokuti chinhu hunowedzera kwakavharwa nenyama.
• Substitutability. Kana zvinhu vane unhu Sevamiririri pamusoro elasticity kudiwa zvicharamba dzakakwirira. Somuenzaniso, nokuti jekiseni kudiwa haangatongovi vakashinga, pasinei mutengo nokuti, nekuti mishonga kunokosha vanhu vane chirwere cheshuga.
• The mugove, izvo anofunga vatengi mari chinhu. The makuru ndiwo, ndipo kwakavharwa nenyama ndiye kudiwa. With yunifomu kukura nevatengi mitengo zvichida anoramba kutenga motokari pane hofisi zvokuyamura. Nekuti Pazvibato zvinotengwa kakawanda.
• Advertising uye Marketing. The zvakawanda kucherechedzwa nhumbi nokuda kushambadza zvakanaka, kavha nezvimwe zvinhu, zvikuru kushivirira maonero kwariri, uye mutengi kushoma kwakavharwa nenyama kudiwa.
• Zvomutambarakede kana zvinodiwa. Boka hazvo (goridhe, zvishongo, motokari dzinodhura) chokutanga, kudiwa ndechokuti nguva dzose zvikuru kwakavharwa nenyama pane wechipiri (zvokudya, mhuri makemikari).
• Zvatinoda uye manakiro yevatengi uyewo yekudyidzana kukanganisa ukuru ndiwo elasticity kuti kudiwa.

Point elasticity kuti kudiwa - ndiwo ukoshi akayera pane nzvimbo imwe chete kudiwa munyonga, riri kugara pamwe yose mutsetse. It chiyero aikanganiswa kuchinja kwokudiwa zvimwe zviratidzo.

Nokudaro, elasticity kuti kudiwa - maitiro chinoratidza kuchinja mutongo kana zvimwe akakodzera zvinhu. Akayera coefficient kuti elasticity.