Constantinople aiva kupi? Sezvazvakanyorwa kunzi Constantinople?

The kunozivikanwa guta yakatsiva mazita zhinji, nendudzi uye umambo ... The muvengi husingaperi neRoma, yakatangira chiKristu Orthodox uye guta guru roumambo, iyo iripo zana remakore ... In mepu ano guta rino musingadi kuwana, zvisinei, iye mupenyu uye kukura. Nzvimbo akanga Constantinople, iri kwete kure nesu. On munhoroondo guta rino uye ayo ngano mbiri munyaya ino.

chidzoke

Dzoserwa nyika, riri pakati makungwa maviri - Sea Black uye reMediterranean, vanhu vakatanga vari VII remakore BC Sezvo vanoti magwaro echiGiriki, kurutivi rwokumusoro pamahombekombe Bosphorus akagarisa muhutongi paMireto. Asian Coast Strait obzhili Megara. Maguta maviri vakamira vakatarisana mumwe - iri European chikamu kuMireto rakanga Byzantium, kurutivi rwezasi pamahombekombe - Megara Kalhedon. Izvi akabvumira musha kudzora Bosphorus. Ndakawedzera kutengeserana pakati nyika kweGungwa Dema uye Gungwa reAegean, kugara Rwako nhumbi, zvokutengeserana uye ngarava nevarwi rwendo zvinopa tsika mabasa vaviri maguta aya, huchakurumidza kuva mumwe.

Nokudaro, narrowest nzvimbo Bosporus, yainzi apo panopinda Yechinwiwa Horn, uye akanga ari mumwe nguva apo guta Constantinople.

Kuedza kubata Byzantium

Rich uye nesimba Byzantium Akakwezva vemauto zhinji uye vakundi. Makore anenge 30 panguva kukunda raDhariusi, Byzantium aiva pasi hutongi rezvitendero nevaPezhiya. Golf nekaupenyu yakanyarara upenyu amakore kuti magedhi aro akaswedera hondo yamambo Macedonia - Philip. Mwedzi inoverengeka okukomba kwakakundikana. Vagari Enterprising uye akapfuma vaifarira kubhadhara mutero kuna vazhinji vakapinda nechisimba, pane vanoita ropa muhondo uye vakawanda. Kunda Byzantium akabudirira mumwe mambo Macedonia - Alexander Mukuru.

Pashure Aleksandra Makedonskogo umambo vakakamukana, guta akauya pasi pokudzora Rome.

ChiKristu muByzantium

nhoroondo uye tsika dzechinyakare Roman uye rechiGiriki handizvo chete manyuko tsika remangwana Constantinople. Zvaibva okumabvazuva mundima hweRoma, chitendero chitsva, sezvo moto rwakapararira zvose mapurovhinzi neRoma yekare. chiKristu akatora kupinda yayo pamisara vanhu kutenda zvakasiyana, pamwe siyana zvedzidzo uye mari. Asi kare munguva dzevaapostora, muzana remakore rechipiri AD, paiva zvikoro vakawanda vechiKristu uye zvivako mabhuku yechiKristu. Mitauro Christianity ari zvishoma nezvishoma hwava pakati catacombs uye nokurira kwazvo ndizvo pacharo nyika.

madzimambo Christian

Mushure Kuparadzana, guru dzidzo pachena nechokumabvazuva hweRoma yakatanga chinzvimbo pachavo muKristu mamiriro. Emperor Constantine akatora simba muguta rekare, zita nayo Constantinople, mushure make. kutambudzwa kwevaKristu dzakavharwa, temberi uye nzvimbo dzokunamatira Kristu akatanga airemekedzwa pamusoro ndima chete dzakakwirira. Constantine pachake akabhabhatidzwa ava kutandadza muna 337. Madzimambo hunotevedzana uchingogara kukurudzira uye kudzivirira kutenda kwechiKristu. A Justinian VI vari. BC ChiKristu andisiya chete chitendero nezviripo irambidzwe netsika dzekare munharaunda yacho Byzantine Empire.

Constantinople temberi

State rutsigiro kutenda idzva aiva pesvedzero inobatsira upenyu uye mamiriro enyika muguta rekare. Nyika apo Constantinople, azere temberi uye zviratidzo chiKristu dzakawanda. Mumaguta enyika hwacho paiva machechi, services dzakaitwa, achikwezva yayo kuhondo vakawanda adepts. Mumwe wokutanga machechi akakurumbira yakabuda panguva ino, aiva temberi Sofia muna weConstantinople.

Chechi St .. Sofia

Its muvambi aiva Konstantin Veliky. Zita iri rave kwakapararira muEastern Europe. Sophia akadana musande muKristu, aigara II remakore BC Dzimwe nguva anonzi Jesu Kristu kuti uchenjeri uye bhezari. Vachitevera muenzaniso weConstantinople, machechi echiKristu wekutanga zita iri kupararira mhiri kumabvazuva munyika umambo. mwanakomana Constantine uye nhaka kuna Byzantine choushe, mambo Constantius temberi, zvichiita kunyanya yakanaka uye yakakura. Mumwe zana makore gare gare, munguva vasakarurama kutambudzwa webhaibheri wokutanga wechiKristu uye muzivi Ioanna Bogoslova, Constantinople netemberi vakaparadzwa nevapanduki, uye Cathedral of St .. Sofia akapisa pasi.

The kumutsidzirwa wekereke yakaitwa zvichibvira chete paitonga Mambo Justinian.

mutongi Christian New aida kuvakazve Church. Maererano naye, Hagia Sophia ari Constantinople vanofanira kukudzwa, uye vakazvitsaurira kuchechi yake vanosungirwa kupfuura runako uye ukuru mimwe nzvimbo kuti mhando iyi munyika. Nokuti pakuvaka Paaidzidzisa yaKesari akakoka anozivikanwa ezvivako uye vavaki nguva - Amphimachus kubva Thrall uye Isidore pakati paMireto. In pasi ezvivako akashanda zana vabatsiri, uye zviuru 10. Vanhu vaiita basa zvakananga chivakwa. Wokurumbidza Isidore uye Amphimachus chainyanya akakwana zvokuvakisa - granite, machena, uye simbi dzinokosha. Construction yakatora makore mashanu, uye mugumisiro kumbenge zvose.

Maererano nenhoroondo vakararama panguva, vanoungana panzvimbo yetemberi Constantinople paaitonga guta rekare, sezvinoita chikepe pamusoro pamafungu. On zvinoshamisa chishamiso vakaungana kuona vaKristu vose pamusoro umambo.

The kwakaderera Constantinople

Muzana VII remakore yeArabia Peninsula, mutsva zvechisimba Islamic Hurumende - Arab Caliphate. Under ake kumanikidzwa Byzantium vakarasika mapurovhinzi ayo okumabvazuva, ukuwo European nharaunda zvishoma nezvishoma yakakunda revaFrijiya, Slavs, vokuBulgaria. The nharaunda umo Constantinople, rave vakarwiswa uye takapoteredzwa mutero. The Byzantine Empire akanga kurasikirwa panzvimbo yacho Eastern Europe, uye zvishoma nezvishoma akava kuora.

muna 1204 ivo vairwa muhondo dzemachechi mauto ari Venetian rengarava uye inifanduri French akatora Constantinople mumwedzi-refu rakakombwa. Shure kwenguva kurwisa guta akawira uye rakanga sacked ne nechisimba. The moto makaparadza mabasa akawanda uri uye sezvivako. On panzvimbo kumire vazhinji uye akapfuma Constantinople, ndiye varombo uye vakapamba guta guru Romeyskoy Empire. Muna 1261 iri Byzantines vakakwanisa torazve Constantinople kubva Latins, asi kuti adzokere muguta aichimbova ukuru rayo zvakanga zvisingaiti.

hweOttoman umambo

By XV remakore hweOttoman Empire nokushingaira kuwedzerwa miganhu yayo kuti nzvimbo dzeEurope, achiparadzira Islam nomunondo uye pfumbamuromo akaisa papfuma yake dzakawanda munyika. Muna 1402, ivo Turkish Sultan Bayezid kare akaedza kutora kuConstantinople, asi vakakundwa Amir Katya. The kukundwa panguva Anker kuderedza hondo hwacho, uye akawedzera yakanyarara nguva kuvapo Constantinople mumwe remakore nehafu.

Muna 1452, Sultan Mehmed 2 pashure kunyatsogadzirira akatumira kubvuta guru Byzantine Empire. Pre-akatora kutarisirwa rokutora maguta maduku, vakakomba Constantinople uye nevatsigiri vayo vakatanga kukomba. Pausiku May 28, 1453 guta rakundwa. Pane zvakawanda machechi echiKristu ikava mosques, zvifananidzo zvevasande uye zviratidzo chiKristu anyangarika pamasvingo machechi, uye pamusoro St. Sophia nendege kirisendi.

The Byzantine Empire vakaguma kuvapo, uye Constantinople vakava rutivi hweOttoman Empire.

Ushe Suleiman ari Zvikuru akapa Constantinople ane "Age Golden" itsva. Kana inovakwa Suleymaniye Mosque, iyo inova chiratidzo nokuda vaMuslim, sezvakanga zvakasara St .. Sofia kuti muKristu wose. Pakafa Suleiman hweOttoman Empire padzimba ivepo akaramba vashongedze kuguta rekare ounyanzvi ose mapurani uye mapurani.

Metamorphosis zita reguta racho

Atapa guta vokuTurkey haana pamutemo kwete rename nayo. Nokuti vaGiriki, yava zvichachengetwawo zita rayo. Mukupesana, kubva pamuromo Turkish uye Arab vagari vakatanga kuridza kuwedzera "Istanbul", "Stanbul", "Istanbul" - kuti kuwedzera akazozivikanwa Constantinople. Zvino akatumidza shanduro mbiri kwakabva mazita aya. Wokutanga pfungwa anoti zita - akaipa yokuronda rechiGiriki mutsara zvinoreva "Ini kupinda muguta, uende muguta." Chimwe dzidziso kunobva kuzita Islambouli, rinoreva "guta Islam". shanduro Vose vane kodzero iripo. Chero zvakanga, zita Constantinople achiri kushandiswa, asi muupenyu hwezuva nezuva anouya uye yakasimbiswa, uye zita Istanbul. In chimiro ichi muguta uye vakasvika mepu munyika dzakawanda, kusanganisira Russia, asi nokuti vaGiriki kuchiri ainzi mune kukudzwa Constantine.

wepanguva Istanbul

The nzvimbo iri Constantinople, zvino muridzi ne Turkey. Zvisinei, musoro kuguta guru haisisina: nemijenya pakati Turkish zviremera guru muna 1923 akakurudzirwa Ankara. Kunyange zvazvo Constantinople, rava kunzi Istanbul, nokuti vashanyi vakawanda uye vashanyi kuti Byzantium yekare ichiri guta guru Zvivako vakawanda mapurani uye uri, mupfumi kumaodzanyemba vaenzi, uye nguva dzose isingakanganwiki.