Great Northern War 1700-1721: huru zviitiko, nzendo uye vatambi

Great Northern Hondo 1700-1721., Akatambanudza anenge muzvina remakore, kwete chete yaiva nguva wechipiri munhoroondo wokuRussia wehurumende, asiwo akachinja vectors mune dzakawanda munhandare. Russia haana chete kuwana chinhu nzira yokubudisa kuGungwa reBaltic uye kuwedzera nharaunda yayo, asi vakatamirawo pachinzvimbo chevatatu superpower, iyo zvino aifanira kunzi nyika.

Foreign wokuti Peter I, zvinokonzera hondo

Pasinei nokuti chevaux Petro pakukwana pachigaro sezvo mangwanani sezvo makore gumi, izere itsvo akatora pamusoro chete muna 1689. By nenguva ino Grand Embassy ramambo wechiduku akaita kuendesa kunze Russia uye vanonzwa musiyano. Mumakore anopfuura 1695-1696 pane ruzivo kuchinja chevaux akasarudza pachavo kuyera ne hweOttoman Empire uye akatanga Azov danidziro. Vamwe zvinangwa kunge asvika, yakanga akabatwa nhare Azov, anoridzora vakanochengeta kumaodzanyemba kumiganhu ehurumende, asi kuti uoinde kusvika Black Sea Petro haana kubudirira.

Nekushandura hondo uye ndinosika neboka rengarava yakawanda yemazuva ano, Peter ndakasarudza kudzokera kunyika yavo uye kuwana kuGungwa reBaltic, saka kuita Russia ine nepagungwa simba. Ingria uye yakarwiwa panzvimbo inonzi Karelia, rakanga nokurambwa Swedish kunyange munguva dzokutambudzika, regai kupa zororo kuna mambo-muvandudzi. Paiva neimwe ezvinhu - zvikuru "papfudzi inotonhora" muna Riga Russian nhume inotungamirwa Peter. Nokudaro, Northern War 1700-1721, huru zviitiko izvo akashandura kosi kwenhoroondo yenyika, chaiva Russia kwete chete chisarudzo enyika, asi nyaya rukudzo.

Kutanga pavanotaurirana

Muna 1699 akanga paakavapa kuNorthern Alliance pakati wePolish-Lithuanian Commonwealth, Denmark, Saxony, uye Russian kunyikadzimu. Chinangwa kushamwaridzana chaiva kuderedze Sweden, mumwe masimba zvikuru panguva. nyika imwe neimwe kutevera zvarwo uye vakanga miganhu dzinofunga pamusoro yeSweden. Great Northern War 1700-1721 zvishoma akakamurwa mana makuru nguva.

Nguva 1700-1706 gg. - wokutanga uye akabudirira zvikuru kuti Russia. Muna 1700 makanga hondo Narva, apo mauto Russian vakakundwa yokutanga. Ipapo mauto chirongwa wakapfuura pamaoko vavengi. Muna 1706, Russian yakakunda Swedish-Polish mauto pasi Kalisz. Peter Ndakaedza unotofanira kusiya vatsigiri muna August II - King of Commonwealth, asi mambo wokuSweden vachiri akatsemura wemasangano. Russia ndoga chete neboka rengarava simba uye nehondo Charles XII.

The danho rechipiri Northern War

Great Northern War 1700-1721, zviitiko huru iyo chokuita nekupikiswa chete mauto uye fleets Swedish-Russian ndanogara inotevera pachikuva. 1707 -1709 makore. Rinogona kurondedzerwa se padariro rechipiri hondo wokuRussia-Swedish. It chakazochinja. Mumwe nomumwe dzairwisana mativi vari kuvaka simba ravo, zvakawedzera kukura hondo uye nezvombo. Karl XII akanga pfungwa kuti andobata dzimwe ndima Russian. Uye pakupedzisira Ndaida chose dismember Russia.

Russian chevaux, akavapindurawo, kurota kuBaltic States uye kuwedzera nenharaunda dzavo. Zvisinei, international mamiriro nyasha mupikisi. United Kingdom haana akagovera rubatsiro Russia uye zvose nenzira dzakawanda munhandare kutsigira zvematongerwo kuSweden. Great Northern Hondo 1700-1721. Zvakava kunetesa kuti mativi ose, asi usinganyanyi nguva yekumbotaurirana hapana madzimambo haana kubvumirana nazvo.

Chikwiriso kumiganhu Russia, Swedish mauto dzatora mundima ndima, kuronga kutamira Smolensk. Muna August 1708 nyika yeSweden vakatambura tactical vakakurirwa akawanda uye akasarudza kuenda Ukraine, achitsigirwa Hetman Ivan Mazepa. Asi ruzhinji Ukrainian vanhuwo zvavo uye Cossacks anongoti kuona yeSweden sezvo vavengi, achivapa zvakasikwa nemishonga. In June 1709 pakava hondo Poltava, iyo chakazochinja muhondo. Peter I uye vake vehondo akakunda yeSweden. Charles uye Mazepa akatizira Turkey, asi kusaina kupa. Nokudaro, Northern War 1700-1721, huru zviitiko vakatora nzvimbo yose Russia, Sweden chaizvoizvo akarasika.

Nguva yokurwisana rechitatu

Kubva 1710-1718 gg. danho rechitatu yokurwisana pakati penyika mbiri. Zviitiko Northern yeHondo 1700-1721. iyi kwakanga zvishoma zvikuru. Muna 1710, zvakanga ngazve kuvapo kwayo kuNorthern Alliance. Uye Sweden, akavapindurawo, aigona kupinza hondo Turkey. Muna 1710 nayo akazivisa hondo Russia, nokudaro kunonoka nehondo huru pamusoro pachavo uye tisingabvumiri Peter kubata munhu inokosha kurwadzisa kuna yeSweden.

Panguva dzakawanda, danho iri rinogona kunzi nguva nedzenyu hondo, sezvo hondo huru ichiitwa mumucheto. Great Britain aiedza kunetesa Russia uye kwete kuzvipa dzikambouya Europe. Uye Russia, Zvichakadai, kuti asimbise enyika nevanhu France. Muna 1718, mumwe runyararo chibvumirano anogona akasaina, asi kufirwa Charles XII munguva yokukomba wakakombwa muNorway, zvakaita kuti vachinje mambo, uye kwenguva yakati akasunda kusaina rugare. Nokudaro, Northern War 1700-1721, zvishoma uye conventionally rakakamurwa 4 matanho, haana kuvimbisa kukunda muSweden kare 1718, asi Queen Ulrika Eleonora akanga achitarisira kuti kunze rubatsiro.

The chokupedzisira. remapazi zvechiuto muna Northern War

The chokupedzisira. remapazi nemauto - 1718-1721 gg. - kare so pusa kumwedzi. Active vaimbopota usina kuitwa kwemakore matatu. Kupinda UK hondo kudivi Sweden akapa chivimbo wokupedzisira yake zvichibvira kukunda. Kuti arege kupa Russia midzi kuBaltic nyika, dzakawanda yakagadzirira kunonoka muchiuto kunetsana. Asi rubatsiro chaiye British mauto akanga asina vatsigiri, uye wokuRussia rengarava vakakunda muzvitsuwa Saaremaa uye Grengam uyewo kubudirira mishandirapamwe akawanda akanga mauto eRussia. Zvakaguma kusaina kuti Chibvumirano Nystad.

Migumisiro Northern War

Great Northern War 1700-1721, huru zviitiko kaienda wakakwana kukundwa Sweden, rava "hwindo kuEurope", izvo kwete chete akauya kuRussia idzva renyika dzakawanda, asi pave nomukana kukwikwidzana panyika mudariro pamwe dzakabudirira European hegemony.

Czarist Russia akava umambo. Russia awana kuzivikanwa munyika dzakawanda munhandare. Vakaiisa Russian ndima chizvarwa uye kuwana kuBaltic States kwakaitika. Uye Zvakazoitika pakagadzwa mumaguta itsva, kusanganisira St. Petersburg. Sezvineiwo kwakawedzera Naval zvinogona kuitwa nehurumende. Russia rava ubatanidzwe pamusika dzakawanda.