Russian socio-enyika kufamba kwakaita 1800-1900

Social uye ezvematongerwo enyika ari Russia muzana remakore rechi19 akasiyana noupamhi kugutsikana uye dzakasiyana-siyana kuita nzira. Izvi zvikuru akasarudza zvichaitika munyika mune ramangwana.

Pakutanga remakore somunhu socio-enyika sangano Rumhangapanga. Karamzin (yayo yokungotaura) akati kuti umambo apo zvizere kundosangana kuitika pamwero kukura dzidzo uye netsika dzevanhu.

Munguva kubva 1830 kusvika 1840 makore nenharo nharo pamusoro kusiyana wokuRussia nhoroondo nzira andobata neshamwari. Saka, munhu socio-enyika kufamba "dzokumadokero" uye "Slavophiles".

The zvikuru mukufambisira dzokumadokero vaiva boka mapurofesa, vanyori, nevanhu Petersburg (Cavelin, Botkin, Granovsky). Vaiitirana nharo dzokuti kukura vakawanda mutemo ose yakabudirira munyika. The peculiarity weRussia zvakaonekwa chete backwardness rayo kubva kune dzimwe nyika, zvose mune zvematongerwo enyika uye zvoupfumi bhora. Dzokumadokero vakatenda omumwe yepamusoro makagadzirira akagadzirwa siyana zveupfumi upenyu zvinokosha anosangana munzanga uye zviremera. By ichi, vari anonyanya aireva abolition pakati serfdom, kirasi kusiyana panguva pamutemo vanochiva kuona entrepreneurial rusununguko, kukura vomunharaunda utungamiriri uye democratization pakati nezvamakatonga hurongwa.

Dzokumadokero anodzivisa Slavophiles. Pakati vaitungamirira inofananidza rwokufamba ichi vanofanira kunzi hama Aksakov, Khomyakov, Kireevskys hama. Vaidavira kuti enhoroondo kufamba Russia ndiyo akanyatsosiyana zvakasiyana panzira munyika dzokuMadokero European. Panguva iyoyo vakaramba dzidziso enyika uye zvoupfumi backwardness of Yababa, achiti kuti hurumende kunoratidzwa dissimilarity nemitemo European.

Social uye ezvematongerwo enyika ari 1840s kwaisanganisira ainyanya vakuru uye vadzidzi. Vakabatana navo kumativi Butashevich- Petrashevsky. Current nhengo yaita mabasa vanoshingaira rokudzidzisa, ronga kugadzirwa ane Encyclopedic duramazwi reDemocratic nemagariro kugutsikana.

Social uye ezvematongerwo enyika ari 1860s vakabatsira kuti paumbwe kuzvimirira kuitika, sezvo liberalism. Its hwaro ndivo vatsva magazini, mapepanhau, mitumbi kuzvida dzeko, mapurofesa yunivhesiti. Liberalism aiva pakawanda. akasiya bapiro ake raiwanzobatana Revolutionary pachivande, uye kodzero - kumusasa vachengeti.

Mukutanga 1860s vakaumba Sleptsova Chernyshevsky nevamwe vatungamiriri kufamba "Land uye Rusununguko" aiva simba yakakwana kuva-Russian zvose sangano. Zvisinei, gare gare yakanga kupatsanuka kuita mapoka maviri. Saka akaumba socio-enyika kufamba, inonzi "redistribution" uye "Vanhu Kuda". Wechipiri, Chokwadi, akava akatsiva "Nyika uye Freedom".

Russian munzanga uye ezvematongerwo enyika remakore rechi19 kusvika 1870s zvishoma nezvishoma vakatamira kune mabasa matsva. Saka, kubva 1874 yakatanga chaizvo gobvu mbudo kuvanhu, yakanga akapindwa zviuru majaya nemhandara.

Between 1870-E - 1880-ies yakakura kufamba vashandi Russian. Akakonzera sangano rokutanga proletariat muna Odessa uye St. Petersburg, pasinei kwayo chishoma, ari amboshandurirwa kuipandukira ayo nzvimbo.

Activities inotungamirwa "Kusunungurwa of Labor", achitungamirirwa Plekhanov, vakatanga kushandura uye kuparadzira muRussia, Shona uye Marx kuti shanduro. The Marxists kutanga nharo kuti capitalism munyika vakatotanga, uye vanoshanda kirasi vachafanira kutungamirira yenyika hondo kuzorwa tsarist hwechiFascist, nokuti gutsaruzhinji uye gutsaruzhinji.

Muna 1895 Plekhanov nevamwe vake wakasika zvakakwana nemasangano akawanda achishingaira akaita dzimwe vashandi 'nenjodzi.