Heavy ngarawa "Prints Oygen": huru unhu. Prinz Eugen (1938)

Heavy ngarawa "Prints Oygen" kwaiva kuzvikudza rengarava Nazi Germany. Iye chombo simba panguva mugungwa, bose ano zvinodiwa uye ane mumwe chakanakisisa kuita pakati warships of Second World War. Zvisinei, zvaitika chikepe ichi chaiva zvaisiririsa. Ngationei kuti chii chaiva rinorema ngarawa "Prints Oygen", ayo chikuru maitiro uye nhoroondo kusvikira parufu chaipo.

History chokusika

ngarawa German Prinz Eugen akasikwa yechipiri yezana 30-ies wekupedzisira remakore. Kuti asike nayo vakapinda German shipyard Krupp Germaniawerft Henry muna November 1935. kambani iyi rakavambwa entrepreneur Lloyd Foster muna 1867 muna Gaarden, pedyo Kiel, mumakore matatu asati chidzoke rakabatana German Empire uchitongwa Prussia. Pakutanga Kambani rakanzi "North-German kuvaka kambani." Muna 1896 zvakanzi akawana mumwe vakapfuma vanamuzvinabhizimisi muGermany - mhuri Krupps. Shipyard yakabereka ngarava kwete chete nemauto asiwo sevhiriyeni. Pakutanga kwezana remakore, akauya panzvimbo yechipiri kuti nerubatsiro midziyo nokuti German Imperial Navy. Panguva World Vokutanga kusvitsa mauto uye Ngarava dzepasi pemvura.

"Prints Oygen" aifanira kuva ngarava chetatu chirongwa German, pasi izvo zvakabudisa inorema sevatsvaki vemapuranga ari "Admiral Hipper". Nyaya idzi ane zvikepe zviviri asunungurwa - "Admiral Hipper" 1937 kuvaka, pashure ivo mutsetse rose ngarava ainzi, uyewo "Blucher" zvakafanana womuenzaniso gore. Mukuwedzera, vaifanira ivakwe mamwe sevatsvaki vemapuranga maviri - ". Seidlitz" "Lützow" uye Asi havana kugadzirira kuguma hondo asi. Apo pakuvaka "Prints Oygen" vakagamuchira chiratidzo "J".

Kuvaka kwakatanga muna April 1936 uye kwemakore anoda kusvika maviri nehafu. Yaiita yokuGermany yepfuma iri uwandu mamiriyoni 109 Reichsmarks. Enzanisa kukosha "County" chikepe British zvakafanana mhando aiva 2,5 nguva duku. Pakupedzisira, anorema ngarawa "Prints Oygen" kwakatangwa muna August 1938. Asi finalization dzose dzomunyika zvinoriumba uye michina inodiwa kwamamwe makore maviri. Somugumisiro, mashoko ngarawa pakupedzisira akaenda kushanda yokuGermany Navy kusvikira August 1940.

Name ngarawa

Rake zita German rinorema ngarawa "Prints Oygen" akanga mukukudza mukuru mutungamiri yeAustria mamiriro Habsburg wokumwe XVII-XVIII emakore, Prince Evgeniya Savoyskogo. Kunyange zvazvo aiva mumwe matongero Italy ari aberekwa feudal Duke uye akazvarwa Paris, asi vakawanda ake hunoshamisa kubudirira, kunyanya zviito kubudirira Hondo Spanish Kwevaapostora uye Turkish boka, vave mined mubasa iri yeAustria korona. Pakati okukunda ake makuru sezvo mukuru inotevera pakurwa; hondo Szente (1697), kupangidza kukombwa nokuTurin (1706), Hondo Malplaquet (1709), wokukundwa kuBelgrade (1717).

Just muna 1938, kwaiva Anschluss (annexation) Austria ne Germany. It chaipiwa kuna yechiFascist manyepo ari zvekare rwacho. Kuti aratidze kubatana Germany uye Austria, kwakasarudzwa zita chikepe itsva kukudzwa inozvikudza yeAustria wavarwi. Kubwinya Evgeniya Savoyskogo aifanira kuva semhanza kukunda ngarawa. Saka chikepe Prinz Eugen kubva 1938 inotumidzwa zita rayo.

rwokugadzira unhu

Chii chaiva rinorema ngarawa "Prints Oygen" mukugadzirwa mashoko?

Kureba kwayo kwakanga 199,5 M pamwe mureza zvokushandisa, uye 207,7 mamita panguva zvizere. Musha ngarava yaiva 14 506 M pamwe mureza tooling, uye 19.042 mamita - zvizere. Upamhi chikepe -. 21.7 M kunonyanyisa ngarawa nokukurumidza yakasvika 32 nokusunungura mapfundo, waiva akaenzana 59,3 km / h. The zvachose Kukwanisa wevatatu chiutsi turbines uye boilers gumi chikepe - 132.000 horsepower, kana 97 MW. Draft Prinz Eugen mudziyo ranged kubva 5,9 kusvika 7.2 m. Kukurumidza 16 change ngarawa aigona kuita asiri vanorega swimming ari chinhambwe 6.8 zviuru. Miles. The vashandi kuvakwa kubva chikwata muna 1400-1600 vanhu, izvo zvakanga chaizvo mugove kirasi iyi mudziyo.

dzokurwa ukobvu pamusoro peshongwe kusvika 160 mm. Panguva iyoyo akanga ari thinnest nechepamusoro - 30 neMM, uye pamusoro mapuranga - 40 mm. dzokurwa ukobvu pamusoro traverses uye Barbet akanga akaenzana 80 mm.

"Prints Oygen" akanga vakagadzirira pamwe zvikuru ano panguva zvigadzirwa midziyo, unhu izvo zvinogona tichipfuura warships zvose munyika. Kunyanya zvazikamwa vasabatwa kunoreva kuwana muvengi pamusoro pegungwa, denga, uye pasi mvura. Mungarava dzakanga kunyange analoginen makombiyuta. Zvisinei, zhinji zvemagetsi uye dzimwe nguva taitamba aitamba zvakaipa pamwe ngarawa, sezvo itsva zvemichina ane achiri wandei zvaaikanganisa, uye vamwe vakanga zvakajeka "mbishi." Asi kunyange zvakadaro, pakuitika achizadza chikepe haana vakaenzana Europe.

nezvombo

Combat simba haasi simba pfungwa muchikepe Prinz Eugen. Asi panguva imwe chete, kushaikwa iyi ndanyarara hangu nokuda mukana sighting moto kwaunenge zvichienzaniswa nedzimwe ngarava uye Kuwanikwa nzira ano vasabatwa muvengi.

Chombo chikepe kwaisanganisira sere atirari anoshongwa caliber 203 neMM, gumi yezvisikwa Anti ndege atirari pfuti caliber 105 neMM, nhanhatu otomatiki pfuti caliber 37 neMM, gumi - 20 mm. Mukuwedzera, ngarawa yakanga ina Avangard sepombi caliber 533 mm zvombo pamwe 12 torpedoes. Air Group raiva pneumatic launcher mana ushori seaplanes.

hondo yokutanga

Rubhabhatidzo chikepe moto "Prints Oygen" raiva panguva gungwa hondo, yakazozivikanwa seshanduro pakurwa Denmark Strait.

The chikepe chokutanga nechikepe megungwa May 1941. Akaperekedzwa vaparadzi mbiri, uyewo proryvateley zvipingamupinyi zvakawanda. Nokukurumidza, "Prints Oygen" akabatana nomumwe yakakurumbira chikepe Hondo Yenyika II - the yehondo "Bismarck". rwendo rwavo pamwe chete rakanga kuburikidza ari Denmark Strait.

Sangano dzamavanze German kunge makavhara ngarava British. 24 Chivabvu, 1941 pakava hondo pakati pavo. Ngarava dzakawanda British vakaparadzwa pakurwa, yehondo "Bismarck" wakaremara, kucheka nesuwo aigona Prinz Eugen. Chikepe vakaenda Sea North. Zvisinei, zvikonzero kuti mari kubatwa kuti muvengi nezvikepe zvavatengesi akatadza. Muna June 1941, pashure rwemavhiki maviri rwendo, kuti ngarawa akasvika pachiteshi chengarava Brest, dzinodzorwa Wehrmacht mauto.

Kudzokera Germany

Asi muna Brest "Prints Oygen" uye dzimwe ngarava German vaigara pasi ngozi kuparadzwa nokuda nguva nenguva mhepo vachirwisa kuBritain. Muna February 1942, kwakasarudzwa kudzokera ngarawa pamwe battleships "Gneisenau" uye "Sharnhost" iri German zvengarava. chiitiko ichi kuti kupaza kuna ake chizvarwa Mahombekombe akanzi "Operation Cerberus."

Pasinei chokwadi kuti panguva yokudzoka kumba kwave vakarwiswa kakawanda ngarawa ndege uye muvengi zvikepe, achiri kukwanisa kuti kukwana mazuva matatu kusvika muromo Elbe River. The oparesheni anogona kunzi zvapedza. Yaiva kumboonekwa uye ushingiwo rotonhorera kuburikidza Chirungu Channel, chaipo pasi nemhino of British Air Force uye Navy. The budiriro Kunoratidza tsika mukukunda vokuGermany nokusimbisa kwavo mweya. Kunyange zvazvo inokosha budiriro iri kurasikirwa kuGermany mugungwa mamiriro ezvinhu kumbobvira zvaitika.

MuGungwa reBaltic mvura

Inotevera pavaipfuura "Muchinda Eugen" mabasa chokuita nokuva mumvura yeGungwa reBaltic, apo akanga nokukurumidza akakandwa.

Haugoni kudana nguva iyi nhoroondo mbiri sevatsvaki vemapuranga. Kutaura zvazviri, panguva ino akashanda se guru gunboats of reBaltic, kunyange zvazvo, hazvina kwaaienda yepakutanga. Vainyanya "Prints Oygen" anobudiswa kutokonora muganhu inogarwa nomuvengi. Kunyange aiva pamoto pachake kumahombekombe kwayo uye chawo. Somuenzaniso, chii chakaitika apo Red Army akaswedera Gotenhafenu. Ipapo Kurwisa kutambudza kunyange pedyo Danzig (nhasi Flughafen muPoland). Saizvozvowo kwarwo, kuti ngarawa akaenda avapambe kumhenderekedzo Norway.

Zvakaitika kwaari uye absurdities. Nokudaro, "Prints Oygen" rammed achangobva vasara nechiteshi chengarava ngarawa German "Leipzig".

Muna April 1945, "Prints Oygen" akatumwa guru muDenmark - Copenhagen. Ikoko akagara kusvikira kusaina Germany mapfumo pasi.

Results of hondo

Pasinei nokuti hurumende German dzaitarisira kuti ngarawa "Prints Oygen", kuzviruramisa chikepe wavo haana fated. The chikepe yakanyorerwa hondo muAtlantic Ocean pamwe US uye muUK rengarava, asi kazhinji kacho akaenda ari gunboat muGungwa reBaltic. Kazhinji ichi chaiva nokuti kuti Germany haana kushandisa kumanikidza zvakakomba hondo vatsigiri mugungwa. Kriegsmarine (Navy of Third Reich) zviri pachena muduku nesimba British romugungwa, anobata zvakasimba kuvamumwe mumakungwa European.

Uyezve, pakapera hondo Zvakazoitika kuti "Prints Oygen" vaisagona kunyura mumwe zvikepe muvengi. Kunyange zvazvo akanga akakuvara mumwe vaparadzi, muUK uye vakagogodza pamusoro ndege dhazeni muvengi. Asi zvinofanira kuva vakanaka kuti muvengi haana kukwanisa kumubhadhara kumbodzidzira chinokosha kukuvara. Asi pakazopera hondo zvombo ngarawa yapera. Somuenzaniso, nokuti 8-padiki anoshongwa ose caliber kwepfuti Germany akarega kubereka zvakawanda muna 1942. 203 mm caliber projectiles, dzakanga chikuru mungarava sevatsvaki vemapuranga kune asingasviki mana.

Tinogona kutaura kuti zvinoitwa "Muchinda Eugen" muGungwa reBaltic, uko akapedza nguva yake pfupi nyaya toyambutsa, vakanga zvikuru zvakafanana anokanda dhimba vane kanoni. Heavy ngarawa rakakura kudai uye michina midziyo kwaidhura zvakare chirongwa kushumira so "mukuru gunboats yeGungwa reBaltic." Asi mukurusa Feat chikepe kwakanga kusati kwasvika, pashure pehondo apedza. Pairi ichakurukurwa zvizere pazasi.

Sezvo chikamu US Navy

Mushure Kuregwa Germany muna May 1945, "Prints Oygen" akapiwa kuUnited States maererano Potsdam zvibvumirano. Muna January 1946 akatamisirwako kuna Valenza uye akabatana US Navy. Zvisinei, kana akagamuchira mamiriro asiri kurwisa mudziyo, asi chete kuidzwa chikepe. Murayiro ngarawa akachinjirwa Captain 1st Rank A. Graubartu kuti, pasinei American citizenship, aiva kwemadzinza German.

Nokukurumidza ngarawa akaita transatlantic rwendo, umo akatamisirwako kubva Valenza kusvika American kuguta Boston. In chengarava riri kugarwa "Prints Oygen" akanga nyatsonzvera. Uyewo naye waburuswa pamhenderekedzo dzose midziyo, kusanganisira zvombo. Maererano migumisiro chomurayiro, kwakasarudzwa kutumira chikepe pamusoro Bikini Atoll sokunge kuti kuedza zvombo zvenyukireya.

Muna March, asi ngarawa nechikepe kubva Boston kuti kuchinjwa mvura Pacific Ocean, yakauya kuburikidza Panama Canal. Zvadaro mumvura Pacific yacho muna San Diego, California. Pashure paizvozvo, "Prints Oygen" vakananga kuHawaii. In yokutanga yezana May, vasvika American mujinga pazvitsuwa - Pearl Harbor. Muna June 1946, akasvika Bikini Atoll - kwavaiendeswa.

bvunzo yenyukireya

Rufu chikepe "Prints Oygen" waiva mugumisiro bvunzo neUnited States zvombo zvenyukireya musi Bikini Atoll. Kuputika dzakaitwa July 1, 1946. Kuwedzera ngarawa "Prints Oygen" Rakanga wakapindwa nevamwe warships enyika, zvikurukuru mukombe uye decommissioned ngarava US.

Yokutanga renyukireya akarova mhepo pamusoro ngarawa. Horizon illumined inopenya kudzvokora, akaridza zvinotyisa rwakafanana simba. The kwacho pakati nokuputika bhomba yenyukireya akadonhedza pa 8-10 netambo zvechikepe. Vose akafunga kuti chikepe rakaputiswa kune bvarurwa. Asi, pasinei zvomurayiro zvaparadzwa ngarawa yakanga vasingakoshi. Kutaura zvazviri, havana yaisanganisira wakabvarura kubva kurutivi pendi chete zvachose.

Zvichitevera kuwedzera imwe warhead yenyukireya wakaitwa pasi mvura. nguva ino akanga akakuvara zvikuru zvikuru. ganda machira vakamanikidzwa kupinda ngarawa uye akanga usabuda, asi Akanyura uye akapa Bank. kurwisa uku chikepe German akarohwa vokuAmerica. Ivo akazvifunga vakaparadza chose munguva kubhombiwa pamusoro apa. Zvino "Prints Oygen" akanga towed kuti Atoll Kuazlen aitarisira nemiedzo ramangwana.

Asi, zvinosuruvarisa kuti Hull yakanga yakanyanya radioactively kusvibiswa. Naizvozvo ngarawa akasarudza zvisinei kuparadza. Zvisinei, kunyange pashure pokuputika kwacho rechitatu chikepe akaramba yerera. mafashamo ake kwakaitika zvishoma nezvishoma, kana mumwe mupanda dzinozara pashure pomumwe. Pakupedzisira, mumazuva 20 December 1946 pombi vakatadza kutsungirira kuuya mvura. Ngarava vakapa chokubata, uye mahwindo akanga pazasi pegungwa. The US mauto anga asi akaedza kuponesa chikepe, asi zvakanga zvisingachabatsiri manheru, ngarawa yakanyura pedyo Atoll Kuazlen, kusiya pamusoro pemvura iri keel. Panzvimbo yake igare vari pasi pegungwa kusvikira nhasi.

Zvechokwadi zvinoshamisa chikepe nemishonga. Asi pane mimwe mibvunzo. Zvakadini kana ngarawa aisangova atambudzwe enyukireya, asi kwaizova chikwata kuti ari kurwira upenyu muchikepe, gadziriro mumakomba, kubatsira kupomba mvura pombi? Zvinogoneka kuti iyi nyaya kunyange Kuputika matatu zvaisazova zvakakwana kunyura ari "Prints Oygen".

Asi kuti zvingaita sezvakadaro, ngarava, iyo yakavakwa vokuGermany kuzunungusa vokuAmerica uye dzavo nevatsigiri, akava unwitting pakuita kuidzwa akasimba zvombo munyika, kuti kushumira sechiratidzo US simba rehondo. Zvisinei, vokuAmerica vaiva zvino mumwe huru kurwa. Pashure pokuwa Third Reich, raiva Soviet Union.

General zvechadenga chikepe

The ngarawa "Prints Oygen" yaiva nzira kwayo rakasiyana nemamwe chikepe. Kufanana zvose inorema sevatsvaki vemapuranga "Admiral Hipper", matani anopfuura 10 Musha ari mudziyo, kunyange zvazvo iri muganhu zvechinguvana nekuti zvikepe mukirasi iyi maererano kurambidzwa Washington anotsanangura. Asi Germany pacharo akaisa pachayo iri yezvinoreva bvumidzwa. Zvisinei, nokuda kuwedzera tonnage chikepe rakarova ayo rapidity uye agility.

Kunyange zvazvo chinangwa kuvaka "nheyo Eugen" yepakutanga yaiva nokusimbaradza zvikepe German muhondo yacho Atlantic, chokwadi, iye cruised kunyanya mvura yeGungwa reBaltic kana vakawanda yakanga vaviga. The chikepe vaiitawo muhondo imwe chete zvakawanda kana zvishoma chakakomba, pakutanga chaipo rake rina nhoroondo - Hondo Denmark Strait. Panyaya iyi, nokuti yose kwarwo, kuti ngarawa akatadza kuparadza chero chikepe muvengi.

Zvisinei, uye muvengi vasingagoni chero nzira kukuvadza ngarava "Prints Oygen", kunyange zvazvo kurwisa rwaiitwa, uye kubva kugungwa uye kubva kudenga uye kubva pasi. Akava chete ngarawa German, iyo hwaponeswa yose pakazopera hondo. Kunyange zvombo zvenyukireya ndivo chete rwechitatu aigona richandifukidza titanium iyi saka simba rakaitwa. Zvino, ari pamberi vashandi mungarava, zvinokwanisika kuti katatu uye hazvina kukwana.

Kunyange zvazvo nyanzvi vakawanda vakatsoropodza pamasikiro ngarawa vachimudana zveufende. Mhosva wacho Vavaki vengarava kuti havana zvakazara warrior motokari, kusiyana ngarava dzakawanda nguva, hatina wakawandirwa chete kupfuura tisanzwe uye zvinokosha kuti tirambe utano munzvimbo. "Prints Oygen" kwazvo warrior. Munzvimbo zhinji zvombo rakanga rakanyanya dzakaonda kuva dziviriro chaiyo asi panguva imwe chete riri wokuwedzera mutoro nokuda motokari kunoderedza ayo nokukurumidza. Kunyange bhuku zvikuru zvikamu zvaiva wakawondereiko kudai mazuva ose pane zvakafanana nhumbi muvengi. Asi, sezvazvakanyorwa akatendeuka akabuda, vose chete bhuku German ngarawa yakanga zvakakwana kudzivisa vakawanda bombardment kubva kudenga uye negungwa, uye kunyange kupikisa zvombo zvenyukireya. Saka kuti chokwadi kuputsa zvose yokungotaura yokufungidzira vatsoropodzi kuna nines.

Zvizhinji nenzira akatora creators kuti "Muchinda Eugen", vechokwadi muzuva redu. Somuenzaniso, mukana wokushandiswa, multi-tasking, kuvavarira yokutanga pamusoro simba volley inokosha zvemagetsi iri kudzorwa, nezvebasa rinokosha nomuvengi vasabatwa.

Asi vose, zvinofanira kucherechedzwa kuti ngarawa "Prints Oygen" vachiri vakakundikana kuzadzisa chero mumwe mukuru mabasa wakaiswa pasi pose, vakawanda chinangwa uye kuzviitira ezvinhu pamberi pavo. Mhosva zvaiva sehwakajairika nokukundikana kwevanhu vokuGermany muAtlantic Ocean, uye revaluation ari chaizvo zvechiratidzo ngarawa. Aisagona kuva mutsindo simba iri Atlantic kana kunyange vaigona kukonzera vamwe inokosha kuvadza muvengi rengarava.

Mumwe hakugoni kutaura kuti ngarava inobhadharwa rinodhura mamiriyoni 109 Reichsmarks. Kunyange zvakadaro, iye achiri akakwanisa kuenda pasi munhau kuonga kwayo yakasiyana uye risingaenzaniswi kugadzikana panguva zvenyukireya miedzo hondo American, izvo zvakashamisa kunyange kwakarungwa yakawanda zvechiuto uye masayendisiti.