Biography zvinhu uye Karamzina N. M. Karamzin List mabasa

Mashoko Familiar kufanana rudo, anonakidza, uye kunyange rudo, isu unowanzoshandiswa. Asi vanhu vashoma vanoziva kuti kana kwete Nikolai Karamzin, ipapo zvichida vangadai kumbobvira aonekwa duramazwi vanhu Russian. Karamzin okugadzira zvinhu ichienzaniswa mabasa hunoshamisa sentimentalist Sterne, uye kunyange kuisa vanyori pane imwe rwakazara. With yakadzika Analytical kufunga, akakwanisa kunyora bhuku rokutanga "History of Russian wehurumende." Karamzin akaita saizvozvo pasina achirondedzera yoga nhoroondo danho, akararama kwaakange, uye zvichipa Panoramic mufananidzo mamiriro chenhau kupenda.

Childhood uye kuyaruka N. Karamzin

Nzvimbo yechizvarirwo of shasha waDecember 12, 1766. Akakura uye akadzidziswa mumba mababa vake Mikhail Zhukovsky, uyo aiva pamudyandigere mukuru. Nikolai akarasikirwa mai vake, saka riri zvakazara mubasa dzidzo napapa.

Mangoti ndakadzidza kuverenga, mukomana akatora bhuku kubva ramai vake raibhurari, pakati pavo vakanga French enganonyorwa, mabasa Emin, Rollin. dzidzo Primary pamba, Nikolai, uye ipapo akadzidza Simbirsk chikoro chinokudzwa chebhodhingi, uye ipapo, muna 1778, akatumirwa muzvinadzidzo chikoro chebhodhingi pa Moscow.

Kunyange kuva mwana akava kufarira munhau. Izvi zvakabatsira kuti bhuku iri nhoroondo Emin.

Kuongorora nepfungwa Nicholas haana kuti agare kwenguva refu pasi, akatanga kudzidza mutauro, akaenda kunzwa hurukuro pa Moscow University.

Early basa

Karamzin okugadzira zvinhu zvinobva panguva apo akashanda ari Preobrazhensky Guards hondo Petersburg. Panguva iyi, Nikolai Mikhailovich anotanga kuedza pachako basa munyori.

Chakakonzera kuti paumbwe Karamzin sezvo emhizha uye shoko rudo, kuti iye muchikuvadza kumusoro muMoscow. Pakati shamwari dzake dzaiva novikov, A. Petrov, A. Kutuzov. Panguva iyoyowo akabatana nevamwe - akabatsira mukugadzirwa uye magazini vana "Vana Reading nokuda mwoyo uye pfungwa."

Nguva basa rakanga kwete kutanga okusika basa Nikolaya Karamzina, asiwo vakaumba iye somunhu, akaita kuti zvibvire kuti tichiita chaizvo kuvazikamwi, dzakanga anobatsira. Pashure pokufa kwababa vake, Nicholas akasarudza kurega basa, usambofa kudzokera kwairi. Muchiedza panguva zvakaonekwa sechinhu ushingiwo uye zvinokanganisa vanhu. Asi ndiani anoziva, kana asina kurega basa, zvingava kukwanisa kubudisa shanduro yake yokutanga, uyewo yepakutanga nziyo, izvo kurondwa kufarira munhoroondo zvidzidzo?

Trip kuti Europe

Life zvinhu uye Karamzin payakakurudzirwa vakachinja nzira dzavo ziendamberi, kana kubvira 1789 kusvika 1790. Iye anoenda Europe. Pavaifamba, munyori vacho Immanuel Kant, akaita kuti iye hunoshamisa pfungwa. Nikolay Mihaylovich Karamzin, anotevedzana tafura riri yoku- uye kuvapo muFrance panguva French Revolution, akazonyora "Letters ane Russian mufambi" ake. Raiva basa iri zvinomuita yakakurumbira.

Zvinofungidzirwa kuti ichi ndicho bhuku anozarura idzva zera mabhuku Russian. Hazvina pasina chikonzero, sezvo izvi manotsi rwomugwagwa kwete chete kunge zvakakurumbira Europe, asi vakaonawo vateveri dzavo Russia. Pakati pavo, A. Griboyedov, F. Glinka, V. Izmailov nevamwe vazhinji.

Nokudaro "vakure makumbo" uye tichienzanisa Karamzin Stern. "Rwaibva Mumwoyo Journey" yapfuura panyaya chigadzirwa anoyeuka Karamzin.

Pandakangosvika Russia

Tichidzokera yokumusha kwake, Karamzin anosarudza kugadzirisa muMoscow, apo akaramba ake mabhuku basa. Uyezve, akava nyanzvi munyori uye mutori. Asi apogee uyu kumwedzi Zvechokwadi, kwebhuku "Moscow Journal" - the Russian mabhuku magazini yokutanga, iyo inobudiswa mabasa uye Karamzin.

In zvakafanana, iye akasunungura compilations uye anthologies kuti akasimbisa sechinhu nekunzwisisa baba mabhuku Russian. Pakati pavo, "Aglaia", "Pantheon vemamwe mabhuku", "pezvisingakoshi angu" uye vamwe.

Uyezve, Kesari Alexander I akasimbisa musoro wenhau mudare Karamzin. Zvinokosha kuziva kuti sezvo hapana agamuchira ndozvaari. Izvi zvakasimbisa kwete chete mari nezvenzvimbo Nicholas Mikhailovich, asi akasimbisa nzvimbo yaro munzanga.

Karamzin somunhu munyori

To emunyori kuchamuka Karamzin akabatana paaiva basa, sezvo kuedza kuedza pachangu mumunda ichi havana kubudirira chaizvo payunivhesiti.

okugadzira zvinhu Karamzin inogona kukamurwa huru pamitsara mitatu:

• ingano, ndiro chinhu chinokosha nhaka (mu zvawanyora: nyaya, enganonyorwa);
• nhetembo - zviri zviduku zvikuru;
• ingano, munhoroondo mabasa.

Kazhinji, simba mabasa ake pamusoro mabhuku Russian inogona kuenzaniswa pokudzora Catherine kuti vanhu - yakachinjwa kuti ndakaita indasitiri kuda vanhu.

Karamzin - munyori, akava kutanga pfungwa mabhuku matsva Russian, paraiitwa inoramba nhasi.

Sentimentalism nemabasa Karamzin

Karamzin Nikolay Mihaylovich akashandura pfungwa kwevanyori uye, somugumisiro, uye vaverengi vavo pfungwa sezvo chikuru munhu. Ndiwo uyu chinowanika, uye chinokosha kuti sentimentalism uye unoparadzanisa kubva classicism.

At mumwoyo kuipa, dzinongoitika uye kodzero kuvapo kwevanhu inofanira kuva pfungwa musimboti, uye kubudiswa manzwiro uye mafungiro, nani nyama chikamu murume yakadaro, unopirwa pachisikirwo uye ndezvomuzvarirwo.

The gamba haasisiri zvemo. Ake pamunhu mumwe, ugozvipa yakasiyana. Zvakaitika yake haina kunyimwa simba raro, uye kupfumisa, kudzidzisa nyika kunzwa nemanomano, kupindura kuchinja.

Software yemudzimu sentimentalism mumabhuku Russian runoonekwa kuti "Poor Liza". Mutsara uyu hachisi chokwadi zvachose. Nikolay Mihaylovich Karamzin, ane basa chaizvoizvo raputika mushure Bhuku "Mutsamba Russian mufambi", wakatangwa sentimentalism Podorozhniy manotsi.

Poetry Karamzin

Karamzin nhetembo kugara ndoda nzvimbo mubasa rake. Asi usashora kukosha kwavo. Sezvaiitwa prose nyanduri Karamzin neophyte anova sentimentalism.

Poetry nguva nezvezvandaifanira Lomonosov, Derzhavin, apo Nikolai Mikhailovich anoshandura kosi kuti European sentimentalism. The reorientation netsika mumabhuku. Panzvimbo kwokunze, pfungwa nyika, munyori delves munyika womunhu, kufarira masimba ake yomudzimu yomukati.

Kusiyana chekare, vatambi vari vatambi oupenyu nyore, zuva nezuva, ukuwo, Karamzin nhetembo chinhu - upenyu huri nyore, sezvo iye aiti. Zvechokwadi, muna tsananguro tichiita nyanduri anodzivisa akasvibirira madimikira uye kuenzanisa vachishandisa mureza uye nyore senhetembo.

Asi izvi hazvirevi kuti nhetembo anova murombo uye mediocre. Mukupesana, kuti kukwanisa kunhonga zvinowanikwa afunge nzira, ivo zvokuti rakabudisa zvinozoita uye panguva imwecheteyo vashora zvakaitika gamba - ndicho chikuru chinangwa vakadzinganiswa Karamzin nhetembo.

Poems havasi akakura. Kazhinji zvinoratidza duality evanhu, nzira mbiri akatarira zvinhu, kubatana uye kurwisana pakati zvakapesana.

prose Karamzin

aesthetic zvinotaurwa Karamzin rairatidzwa prose akawanikwa ake yokungotaura zvinyorwa. Iye achingoramba achinyora kubva chaiwo Kunyanya rationalism kuti aikanganiswa ari munhu, nyika yake yomudzimu.

The huru basa - kunyengetedza muverengi vaifanira Netsitsi kuwana kuona kwete chete gamba, asi pamwe naye. Saka, tsitsi vanofanira kutungamirira kuti womukati Kushandurwa munhu, kuti iye kuva ake zvinhu zvokunamata.

Rondedzero divi basa zvakafanana kuvakwa sapamazuva nhetembo: shoma kunzwisisa kutaura nokukurumidza zvokushamisira uye frills. Asi zvimwe chete mufambi wacho manotsi havana akaoma mishumo, anoonesa nemafungiro kwatinoitwa, vatambi tinozviona.

Story Karamzin hunonyatsodonongodza zviri kuitika, kutanga rakabayirwa nyama mamiriro ezvinhu. Asi sezvo zvakaitika vachifamba kunze kwenyika, vazhinji, kuti papepa vakapfuura nomusero ari yomunyori "I". Haana akasungirirwa nenzvimbo shamwari vanoziva. Somuenzaniso, London akarangarira kwete Thames mabhiriji uye bvungapfunga, uye manheru, kana magetsi vari yakavhenekerwa, uye guta inopenya.

Characters vari munyori pachako - iri kufamba kwake uyo Karamzin akasangana panguva rwendo shamwari kana interlocutors,. Zvinofanira kucherechedzwa kuti hazvisi chete vakakwirira. Iye anotaura pasina kumbozengurira uye socialites, uye vadzidzi murombo.

Karamzin - wenhoroondo

Namapfumbamwe remakore anotungamirira nhoroondo Karamzin vake. Apo Alexander I akamugadza wenhau dare, upenyu Karamzin uye basa uchisangana kuchinja zvinoshamisa zvakare: akaramba mabhuku mabasa uye kunyudzwa zvizere kunyora nhoroondo mabasa.

Oddly zvakakwana, asi basa rake munhau yokutanga, "Notes pamusoro Ancient uye Modern Russia zvayo enyika uye vehurumende ukama" Karamzin chose kutsoropodzwa yamambo kuchinja. Chinangwa "netsamba" kwaiva kuratidza kuchinja sectors munzanga, uyewo avo kusagutsikana pamwe akarurama kuchinja. Akaedzawo kuwana uchapupu kusabatsira zvinhu zvakadaro.

Karamzin - muturikiri

Karamzin, Biography uye zvakasikwa zviri siyana chaizvo, kutsvaka pachake uyewo pasango rokushandura. Zvino vachiedza kubudirira. Nikolai Mikhailovich akava kwete chete muitiro kukuru, asi rokushandura theorist nguva yake.

Languages kwaakanga ashandura mabasa:

• Chirungu;
• French;
• German.

Munyori haana kuita shanduro chaiwo, uye stylistically vakaedza kuchinja navo, kuti vauye, kuti accomodate dzavo "Russian nzeve." Haana chete akabhadhara ngwariro chaiyo runyoro werudzii pakutanga, asi zvakashanda kwazvo pamusoro pakusikwazve pamusoro mafungiro, izvo dziri epakutanga, kwete kurasikirwa zvishoma zvacho kutamira zviitiko.

Kusvika kushanda nokuumba yakananga munyori, akanga akadzidza Karamzin okugadzira zvinhu, muchidimbu ajairane vaverengi mamwe mashoko.

Munyori akataura zvinhu zvitatu zvinokosha, izvo zvinofanira kwakavakirwa yepamusoro shanduro:

• Akachena - Panyaya lexical zvinhu.
• Kumeso - zvinoreva manyorero zvakafanana.
• Kunaka - shanduro kunge chakarurama napo, asi chero nyaya kwete zvakafanana. Zvinofanira nyore kunzwisiswa.

Karamzin nadzurudzo mutauro

Kukanganisa basa mabhuku Karamzin vaisagona kurondedzera kuchinja mukutaura. The chikuru basa nomunyori pedyo nacho, ataura mutauro. Akatsvaka kuti ainatse kubva zvisingachashandi Mutauro unokura, inonakidza kuona tsanangudzo. Asi zvose Nikolai Mikhailovich aivawo munhu anokumhan'arira kushungurudzwa mashoko folksy, avo kuti urege kukwanawo mukunzwisisa nezveunyanzvi hwekutaura, kutengeka, asi chakanaka.

Karamzin zvakapfumisa mutauro wokuRussia, kuumba mashoko matsva vazhinji, kuvonga kuna kuwedzera bwezvingoro, kuchinja mashoko kana vachibva mimwe mitauro. Pakati mashoko aya: indasitiri, rudo, vanhu, uye vamwe.

"History of Russian State"

Yakakurumbira dzakaitika basa, izvo akanyora Karamzin - "History of Russian wehurumende." Hwaro basa akaenda "Notes pamusoro Ancient uye Modern Russia zvayo enyika neechiuto ukama." Zvinonzi kushanda pamusoro payo, Karamzin Nikolay Mihaylovich, vane mabasa ave nhoroondo digressions, anoti, nhoroondo, funga nezvokusika guru basa Analytical.

Swinging pamusoro pose yezvakaita basa, akavhomora mashoko kubva yaMakoronike, vakawanda vakanga kutanga kushandiswa sayenzi zvavo. Karamzin kwete chete anosikwa dzinodya mafufu kare, asi kuwana zvinyorwa zvitsva uye itsva. Saka, ndiye akavhura ari Ipatiev Chronicle.

The nemamiriro "History":

• Nhanganyaya - rinotsanangura basa kare somunhu sainzi;
• Nhoroondo kusvikira 1612 kubva marudzi anongofamba.

Nyaya dzose, nyaya inoguma kugumisa wetsika uye netsika hunhu.

Meaning of "History"

Kamwe vapedza basa Karamzin, "History of Russian State" sezvariri vakapararira kufanana inopisa makeke. Mwedzi wapfuura makopi 3,000 chatengeswa. "History" vakanga verenga zvose: chikonzero haasi chete akazara mavara machena munhoroondo ehurumende, asi zviri nyore, kudekara zvokuratidzira. Pahwaro bhuku rino, saka hakuna chimwe noumhizha, nokuti "nhoroondo" Uyewo kuva kunobva nyaya.

"History of Russian State" akava wokutanga Analytical basa iri nhoroondo Russian. It Uyewo kuva muenzaniso uye muenzaniso pakuzadzisa mubereko munhau munyika.

Munyori achingoramba kubudirira autocracy bedzi mararamiro ehurumende wechokwadi. Izvi zvakakonzera mheremhere pakati norupo-pfungwa chikamu vemo.