Symbolist vadetembi uye basa ravo

Chirevo - chaicho sangano dzakatangira mukupera kwezana remakore rechi19 muFrance uye kuparadzirwa munyika dzakawanda dzeEurope. Zvisinei, zviri Russian okufananidzira rava rinonyatsooneka uye pamwero mukuru chinonakidza. Russian Symbolist vadetembi akatanga munzvimbo iyi chinhu chitsva, chinhu chakanga kwete dzavo French vamutangira. Panguva imwe chete kuonekwa okufananidzira rinotanga Silver Age mabhuku Russian. Asi ndinofanira kutaura kuti muRussia hapana chikoro chimwe modernist kuitika, pakanga pasina kubatana pfungwa, mumwe maitiro. Okugadzira zvinhu Symbolist vadetembi chinhu chimwe chakafanana: kusavimba zvavo mashoko, chido unoratidzwa zviratidzo uye mumadimikira.

yerera Chirevo

Zviri mabhuku kwebasa pfungwa nzvimbo uye nguva inotungamirwa iri Classified muzvikamu zviviri. Akazviratidza muna 1890s Symbolist vadetembi, mazita izvo zvinosanganisira manhamba akadai Balmont, Gippius, Bryusov, Sologub, Merezhkovsky, anotaurwa so "mukuru". Mukutanga 1900s, mirayiridzo yakazara nemauto itsva, yekudyidzana kuchinja ayo chitarisiko. Debut "mudiki" Symbolist vadetembi akadai Ivanova, Blok, Bely. Wave kuyerera rechipiri anonzi mladosimvolizmom.

Vamiririri chikoro "vakwegura" akarikunda chaicho sangano iri aesthetic nemashoko. Balmont uye Bruce akaratidza pfungwa kuti nyanduri - kuchikonzerwa musiki evasingatombonamati romubati uye dzavasinei nadzo tsika. vadetembi "Muduku" Ndaona pamusoro ari ezvitendero nouzivi chinotaurwa. Philosophy, refracted mune enhetembo kuziva - ndiko kuti, muna Sokuona kwavo, Chirevo. Poety Symbolist chizvarwa chechipiri raimiririra Sergeem Solovevym, Innokentiem Annenskim nevamwe.

"Senior" Symbolists

In Russia iri mabhuku sangano akazivisa pacharo mukunopera 1890s. MuMoscow, panguva kwakatangira okufananidzira rakanga Valeriy Bryusov, uye muSt Petersburg - Dmitry Merezhkovsky. Zvisinei, kupfuura unoshamisa uye yakakura mumiririri mangwanani chikoro kwokufananidzira muguta iri Neva akanga Alexander Dobrolyubov. Ushamwari uye kunze vose modernist mapoka akasika nyika yake enhetembo ndechimwe Russian symbolist nyanduri - Fedor Sologub.

Asi zvichida kupfuura verengeka, navarongo uye sonorous panguva vaiva nhetembo pamusoro Konstantin Balmont. Pakupera kwezana remakore rechi19, zvinonzi zvakajeka kuti "kutsvaka correspondences" pakati zvinoreva, ruvara uye ruzha. pfungwa yakafanana vakasangana Rimbaud uye Baudelaire, uye gare gare mune vadetembi zhinji Russian, akadai Block, Bruce Khlebnikov, Kuzmin. Balmont kutsvaka ichi correspondences aona kunyanya pakusikwa inzwi-zvichireva rugwaro - music, kusununguka zvinoreva. Nyanduri zvukopisi akatapa, akatanga kushandisa mabasa mavara adjectives pachinzvimbo verbs, zvichizoita mukusika, sezvakaita vatsoropodzi, anenge asina zvinoreva nhetembo. Zvisinei, Fani iyi nhetembo akatungamirira pakupedzisira kuti paumbwe pfungwa itsva wokufananidzira, ramakagadzwa melodeclamation, musoro, zvukopis.

"Muduku" Symbolist vadetembi

Rudzi wechipiri Symbolist vadetembi rondedzera, akatanga kubudisa munyika 1900s. Pakati pavo vose vaiva vaduku chaizvo vanyori, akadai Andrey Bely, Sergei Solovyov, Alexander Blok uye vanoremekedzwa vanhu Somuenzaniso, musayendisiti Vyacheslav Ivanov, mutungamiriri jimunasiyamu Innokentiy Annensky.

In St. Petersburg, munguva iri "pakati" zviri Chirevo yakanga sandara Ivanova iri pakona pomugwagwa Tauris, apo pane imwe nguva akararama M. Kuzmin, A. White, A. Mintslova, V. Khlebnikov, paiva Berdyaev, Anna Akhmatova, Blok, Lunacharsky. In Moscow Symbolist vadetembi vakaungana mune wedzero bhodhi iri kubudiswa imba "chinyavada", mukuru mupepeti chakanga Bryusov. Pano vakagadzirira Shanduro yakakurumbira symbolist Magazini - "Balance". Vashandi of "Zvinyavada" vaiva vanyori vakadai K. Balmont, A. White, J. Baltrušaitis, A. Remizov, F. Sologub, Blok, M. Voloshin nevamwe.

Zvikurukuru mangwanani Chirevo

MuRussia, kuguma rechi19 uye kutanga kwezana remakore rechi20. Yaiva nguva yokuchinja, kukangaidzika chakasuruvara mashura uye kufara. Panguva iyi, zvanga zvisingagoni zvakajeka ainzwa kusvika rufu-yaivapo evanhu uye zvematongerwo enyika muhurongwa. Zviitiko izvi vasingagoni asi kupesvedzera Russian nhetembo. Poems symbolist vadetembi vakanga hwakakanyiwa sezvo vadetembi akabata siyana. Somuenzaniso, vanyori vakadai D. Merezhkovsky uye N. Minsky, pakutanga vaimiririra ehurumende nhetembo, uye vakazotanga pfungwa pfungwa "vechitendero" uye "mwari-kuvaka". "Senior" Symbolists havana kuziva zvechokwadi yakapoteredza nyika uye akati "kwete." Saka, Bruce akanyora: "Handisi kuona chokwadi yedu, handizivi rino remakore ..." The vamiririri ano chokwadi mangwanani Akasiyanisa munyika okugadzira zvinhu uye zviroto, umo munhu anova vakasununguka zvachose, asi chokwadi ivo vanoratidzwa mikukutu, zvakaipa uye noupenzi.

Zvikuru nokuti vadetembi vakanga zvinoyevedza utsanzi - unoponesa zvichirehwa mashoko, Rhymes kukura, mutinhimira, uye zvakafanana. "Senior" Symbolists vaiva Impressionists, kuedza kubudisa dzisinganyatsooneki nuances pamusoro nefemero, moods. Havana kushandiswa kwegadziriro zviratidzo, asi shoko sezvo vakadaro varasikirwa mutengo wayo uye vakava chinokosha chete inzwi quality, navarongo manotsi, link zvinonyatsorehwa pakuvaka nhetembo.

Maitiro itsva

Muna 1901-1904 gg. vakatanga danho idzva munhoroondo okufananidzira, uye rakaenderana echimurenga nokukurumidza kuRussia. kusava netariro akafuridzirwa ari 1890s vakapa nzira fungidziro kuti "kuchinja zvisati". Panguva ino, pamusoro mabhuku chiitiko akazviratidza mladosimvolisty vari vateveri Nyanduri Vladimir Solovyov, uyo akaona nyika yekare kuti vatarisana norufu, uye akati kuti "kuponesa nyika" inofanira kuva runako naMwari kuburikidza kutanga upenyu wokudenga acho, yepanyika. In mabasa Symbolist vadetembi akatanga kuonekwa kakawanda maonero, asi kwete somunhu akadaro, asi senzira kuziva mafungiro. Saka, mundima dzose asangana Kurondedzerwa inorwadza akasuwa-Russian kwematsutso, kana zuva kuvhenekera kana kupotsera pasi chete inosuruvarisa mwaranzi akacheneruka vachawira akanyatsosvika zenze mashizha, uye zvose zviri yakafukidzwa maumi rippling.

Zviri kufarira kweshoko pakati symbolists "muduku" akanga guta. Ivo akamuratidza sechinhu chipenyu nokuva yayo hunhu, pamwe chimiro chake. Kazhinji akazviratidza sezvo guta senzvimbo chinokatyamadza, noupengo, mutevedzeri chiratidzo uye callousness.

Symbolists uye Revolution

Muna 1905-1907, apo hurumende yakatanga, Chirevo rakachinjwa zvakare. vadetembi vakawanda kune zviitiko. Saka, Bruce akanyora akakurumbira nhetembo "Kuuya Huns", iro vakarumbidza kuguma nyika yekare, asi zvikanzi kwaari, uye ini, uye vanhu vose vaigara nguva rwounofa, vatana tsika. Unit pabasa ravo rokusika mifananidzo munyika itsva yevanhu. Muna 1906 Sologub yakabudisa bhuku "Motherland" wenhetembo, uye muna 1907 Balmont akanyora dzakatevedzana nhetembo, "Songs rwomutsivi" - pokuunganidzira yakabudiswa Paris uye rakarambidzwa muRussia.

Kwokuderera okufananidzira

Panguva iyi yakachinja mifananidzo kunzwisisa nyika yacho Symbolists. Kudai vakanga vachinzwisisa runako sezvo maererano asi zvino ivo iye akawana chokuita chevarwere okunze, pamwe mhirizhonga muhondo. Panoperera gumi remakore rechi20 rokutanga, Chirevo yakanga kuderera uye handichisiri kupa mazita matsva. All chine musoro, simba, vechiduku vaiva kare mariri, kunyange zvazvo vamwe zvidimbu zvichiri akasikwa Symbolist vadetembi.

List mikuru vadetembi, rinomirira kwokufananidzira mumabhuku

• Innokentiy Annensky;
• Jurgis Baltrušaitis ;
• Valeriy Bryusov;
• Zinaida Gippius;
• Fedor Sologub;
• Konstantin Balmont;
• Alexander Tinyakov;
• Wilhelm Zorgenfrey;
• Alexander Dobrolyubov;
• Viktor Strazhev;
• Andrey Bely;
• Konstantin Fofanov;
• Vyacheslav Ivanov;
• Alexander Blok;
• Georgy Chulkov;
• Dmitry Merezhkovsky;
• Ivan Konevskaya;
• Vladimir Piast;
• Poliksena Soloveva;
• Ivan Rukavishnikov.