Biography Krylova I. A. Life uye Basa yakakurumbira fabulist

Biography Krylova I. A. akatanga muna raitangira Moscow, apo remangwana munyori uye fabulist akaberekwa 2 (13) February 1769

Childhood Krylov

Vabereki Ivan Andreyevich aifanira kakawanda kufamba kubva nenzvimbo. In pakati murimi mudiki yemuna inotungamirwa Emelyan Pugachev Krylov naamai vake vari Orenburg, uye baba yemberi munyori akanga ari mukuru muguta Yaik. The zita Andreya Krylova kumbotaurwa pamazita pugachovskom pamusoro nechidzitiro, asi sezvinei mhuri, hazvina kuuya. Zvisinei, pashure penguva yakati Andrei Krylov anofa uye mhuri ichiri shoma kana pasina mari. mai Ivan vake kumanikidzwa kushanda mudzimba vapfumi. Krylov pachake akatanga kushanda pane imwe mangwanani chaizvo zera - makore mapfumbamwe. Akabvumirwa kuti mari duku kuti nyorazve mapepa acho basa.

Zvadaro, mukomana akadzidziswa mumba N. A. Lvova, yakakurumbira munyori. Ivan akadzidza nevana tenzi wacho, akasangana vemifananidzo nevanyori, uyo kazhinji akauya kuzoshanyira Lviv, akateerera kurukurirano yavo.

Pamusana dzidzo Chidimbu Papera munyori zvatiomera zhinji. Zvisinei, nokufamba kwenguva akakwanisa kudzidza kunyora, kuti yekudyidzana vawedzere horizons dzavo uye kunyange vagone wokuItaly.

kutanga kuedza The pa kunyora

Chikuva kwakatanga muna upenyu fabulist sezvo mhuri yakatamira St. Petersburg. Biography Krylova I. A. munguva iyi kunonyanya inonakidza, nokuti panguva ino, zvakanga yake yokutanga matanho pamusoro mabhuku nzira. Kuchamhembe mai guru fabulist akaenda kugadzirisa nyaya pensions, asi yake zvakashaya kubudirira.

Krylov pachake, pasina kutambisa nguva pasina, hwakarongwa kushanda muna Office of Treasury Chamber. Zvisinei, basa rehurumende hazvina hanya nazvo. Inenge zvose vakasununguka nguva anopedza pamusoro mabhuku zveBhaibheri, yemitambo, anotanga kutaura pamwe chete matarenda inonyatsozivikanwa vatambi, uyewo P. A. Soymonovym, mutungamiriri yemitambo.

Kunyange pashure pokufa mai Ivan nokuchiva kuramba chete. Kunyange ikozvino yemberi fabulist zvakaoma: anofanira chenjerera munun'una wake, uyo akasiyiwa oruoko rwake.

Biography Krylova I. A. muna 80-ies. - kugara pamwe chete nyika yemitambo. Panguva iyi, kubva ake abude libretto nokuda dhanzi "Kofeynitsa," "Mad mhuri", "Cleopatra", uyewo mutambo, vaimudana "The munyori mukoridho." Hapana mukurumbira kana hombe mari zvechokwadi havana kuuya. Asi Krylov munobvumirwawo mudenderedzwa shamwari St. Petersburg vakanyora.

The Jaya anotora pasi bapiro yake yakakurumbira munyori wemitambo uye anoedza kubatsira Knyazhin Krylov zvakawanda zvinobudirira vasimudzire mabasa avo. Zvisinei, Ivan Andreyevich aramba kwete chete rubatsiro urwu, asi Anodzivisawo chero noukama Knyazhinym, uye ipapo akanyora mutambo "Pranksters" umo ose inobvira nzira vachiseka ari munyori wemitambo uye wake. Hazvina kufanira kuti zvikuru mutambo rakarambidzwa kuti inoshandiswa pakutsigira, uye munyori ane wakabirwa ukama vanyori, uye mitambo Directorate, panopinda mabasa zvaiiswa pachikuva.

Panoperera gumi Krylov achida kuedza rwake panguva venhau. Magazini "Morning Watch" nziyo dzake dzakabudiswa muna 1788, asi naivowo kunooneka. Shure kwaizvozvo, Ivan Andreevich akasarudza kuita chinyorwa wemagazini ake ( "Mail midzimu") rinobuda kwemwedzi misere muna 1789, "midzimu Mail" riri muchimiro tsamba upenyu hwaAbhigairi hwaizova mabhii - dwarfs uye masvikiro. Munyori kupa caricature izobrazhnie nzanga panguva iyoyo. Zvisinei, munguva pfupi, magazini Anofukidza kusenza, vachitsanangura kuti bhuku akanga subscribers 80 chete.

Kubvira 1790, Krylov resigns, ipapo akakumikidza anozvifananidza mabhuku basa. Panguva iyi Biography Krylova I. A. hwakada zvakanyatsobatana chete upenyu nzira kumadhindindi munyori - A. Klushina, P. Plavilshchikov uye I. Dmitriev. Ivan Andreyevich anomhanya muchina wokudhinda neshamwari anotanga kubudisa magazini "The chauri" (Pashure - "St. Petersburg Mercury"). Muna 1793, magazini akanga pakupedzisira yakavharwa uye mapapiro kwemakore vakasiya guta guru.

Mubasa Prince Golitsyn

Kusvikira 1797 Krylov anogara Moscow, uye anotanga kufamba munyika, kumbomira dzimwe dzimba uye matunhu neshamwari dzake. Fabulist yairamba kutsvaka manyuko mari, uye kwenguva yakati akawana vanodiwa kadhi mitambo. Zviya, Krylov aizivikanwa somunhu akabudirira chaizvo mutambi vava kuda kubiridzira.

Prince Sergey Fedorovich Golitsyn ndinozivana Ivanom Andreevichem, aida kuva musha wake mudzidzisi uye pachake munyori. Krylov anogara Prince kuti munda uri munharaunda enyika Kiev uye vaita mabhuku uye mumitauro pamwe vanakomana aristocrat. Pano anonyora mitambo nokuti inoshandiswa pakutsigira musha yemitambo gadziriro, uyewo mukudzidzira unyanzvi mitambo iri zvenziyo siyana.

Muna 1801, akakwira choumambo, Alexander I, uyo aiva nechivimbo zvikuru Golitsyn uye akamugadza wokuLivonia Gavhuna-General. Krylov, uyewo, kupa nzvimbo hofisi gavhuna. Kusvikira 1803 fabulist kushanda muna Riga, uye akabva atamira mukoma wake Serpukhov.

kubwinya rokusika

Okugadzira zvinhu uye Biography Krylov vave kunyanya inonakidza kubva panguva iyoyo. Zvechokwadi, mune iyi, chimedu Krylov ( "pai") rokutanga vakakunda mwoyo yevateereri uye kunounza refu-akamirirwa kubudirira kuti munyori. Akasarudza kuramba ake mabhuku basa uye vakadzokera St. Petersburg.

Muna 1805, Ivan A. kunoratidza I. Dmitriev, nyanduri unyanzvi, shanduro yake ngano rokutanga. Zvinova pachena kuti munyori akawana kudanwa kwake kwechokwadi. Asi Krylov Zvisinei, rakabudiswa ngano matatu chete uye anodzoka mutambo. Mashomanana akatevera zvave kunyanya zvibereko panyaya iyi. Krylova uzivewo uye rudo connoisseurs pamusoro chinoshamisa chepanzvimbo makanaka, uye mutambo "Fashion Shop" yakaratidzwa kunyange mudare.

Zvisinei, Krylov iri kuramba nokubva yemitambo uye vsroz kufarira rokushandura uye kunyora ngano yake. Muna 1809, zvinoita sokuti pamusoro echiShinto kwake muunganidzwa rokutanga. Zvishoma nezvishoma uwandu zvigadzirwa zvakunowedzera, yakabereka akaunganidzwa itsva, uye muna 1830 akatotanga vakawana 8 zvemaBhaibheri Krylov kuti ngano.

Muna 1811, Ivan A. akava nhengo Russian Academy, uye gumi nemaviri gare gare akagamuchira paruoko menduru yegoridhe pamusoro kubudirira mune mabhuku. Muna 1841 Krylov akagadza academician dhipatimendi mutauro wokuRussia uye mabhuku. Sezvo 1812 munyori anoita se ari raibhurari iri Imperial Public Library. Krylov uyewo anogamuchira mudyandigere mabasa ake mumabhuku wokuRussia, uye pashure vosmitomnika panze Nicholas I nokuwedzera mudyandigere kaviri uye aizogadza munyori wehurumende wepachitsuwa.

Winter 1838 Petersburg noruremekedzo uye mutambo vakatsigira kupemberera ramakumi mashanu gore rokusika munyori. Panguva ino, Krylov akanga kupfeka ndima chete Classics mabhuku Russian - Pushkin, Derzhavin, Griboedov. Recent ngano pamusoro Ivan Andreevich mumitauro inopfuura 50.

mumakore achangodarika

Muna 1841 Krylov retires yogara pamusoro Vasilevsky Island, kugara murugare, nokuti yake mafaro. Munyori kwagara haana averse kudya uye nhema pamubhedha, nokuti chii vamwe vaimuti anokara uye simbe.

Zvisinei, kusvikira okupedzisira Krylov akashanda itsva wemabhuku essays. Akafa 9 (21) November 1844 muSt Petersburg nokuda bilateral nemabayo.

Interesting zvinhu pamusoro munyori

Pane zvimwe dzinonakidza zvinhu kubva Biography pamusoro Krylov, munokosha nezvokuvaka munyaya ino. Somuenzaniso, anenge usambofa fabulist hariregi uye kumborega mukana pavanoseka vamwe kutadza.

Kamwe akanga achifamba ari embankment. Kuona hombe mufananidzo isingazivikanwi mutana, pazororo vadzidzi vakatanga kuseka, vachiti, "pane gore." Kufamba apfuura kwavari, Krylov akapindura zvakadzikama: "... Zvino datya zakvakali".

Chimwe dzinonakidza chiitiko chakaitika pamwe Ivanom Andreevichem mu yemitambo. muvakidzani wake akanga ruzha chaizvo ndokutsika tsoka dzake nguva kuti mumhanzi, kunyange vaiimba pamwe. Ruzha Krylov zvakakwana akati: "anonyadzisa" muvakidzani Akatuka munyori akabvunza kana zvake, pamapapiro Zvinoshamisa akati kuti wakati kuti "kuva nounyanzvi pachikuva, izvo chinonditadzisa kukuteerera [muvakidzani]."

Achiratidza aiva chakaitika pashure yemunyori rufu. Achibhandara mutero Krylov, Count Orlov, aimbova murume nhamba mbiri mushure mambo pachake akatakura pabhokisi fabulist pamwe zvavo vadzidzi, kusvikira yemariro ngoro.