Mazita emabasa ekare yekuRussia mufananidzo. Mifananidzo yekare yepaRussian Painting

Chirairo chekare chekuRussia chinonyatsobatana nehutano hweByzantium, kana kuti pane iyo iyo ndiro simba rayo. Kubvira pakurwiswa kwayo kunobatanidzwa nekubhabhatidzwa kwaRus, mifananidzo mikuru inoratidza zviso zvevatsvene uye zvidzidzo zvebhaibheri. Mazita emabasa emifananidzo yekare yeRussia anotsigirwa nekuti: "Annunciation of Ustyug", "Mhandara yeOranta", "Kuberekwa kwaKristu". Iyi nhungamiro yakanga iripo kwemazana emakore anoverengeka.

Picturesque era

Nhoroondo yekare yekare yekuRussia inoparadzaniswa zvikamu zviviri zvakakura nguva. Ikutanga yakaenderera mberi kubva pakati peIX kusvika kune XIII yezana. Inonzi unyanzvi hweKivan Rus.

Nguva yechipiri ine chokuita nekuumbwa kwenyika yeMoscow. Munguva yekuvandudzwa kwayo (kubva muna XIII kusvika ku XVII mazana emakore.) Yakanyorwa nhamba inoshamisa yezvigadzirwa zvemabasa anokosha. Nguva huru, zvakare, inogoverwa kuva zvikamu zviduku, izvo zvinobatanidzwa nedzimwe zviitiko zvezvakaitika zvakasiya zvinyorwa pamifananidzo uye nenyaya. Aya mazita emifananidzo yekare yeRussia, iyo yakasikwa kunyange munguva yekare isati yavaKristu, haisati yazivikanwa.

Kutenda kwechihedheni mumweya yezvinhu, kunamata kwavo, kwakasiira isu nhaka yehwamhanyi, yakasimbiswa nesirivha yakaisvonaka, mifananidzo yakasiyana yezuva, shiri, maruva - zvose izvo vanhu venguva iyoyo vaitenda. MuKiev, vakachengetedza dzimba dzezvidhori, dzinotangira 980. Mifananidzo yekare yekuRussia yokupenda yaibatanidzwa naPerrun, kunze, Makosh nevamwe vamwari vechihedheni.

Basa reByzantium mumusangano wekubudirira weRussia

Nhoroondo yebazi reByzantine yakatanga nokubhabhatidzwa kwaRussia Vladimir. Vashandi vakawanda vakagamuchirwa, vachivaka matemberi uye vachidzidzisa iyi michina uye zviratidzo zvekuveza zvevashandi vomunharaunda. Chechi yekare yakange iri matanda. Zvinosuruvarisa, hazvina kupona.

Pakutanga kwezana remakore rechigumi nemakumi mana, hondo yeBatu yakaparadza maguta ose eRussia. Mukati yaPaskov and Novgorod, vaparidzi vakaramba vachigadzira. Mumwe wavo aiva ainzi Theophanes the Greek, aibva kuByzantium. Akashanda uye akadzidzisa vakadzidza, mumwe wavo aiva Andrei Rublev. Mazita emabasa emifananidzo yekare yeRussia kuratidza - "Annunciation", "Gabriel mukuru", "Kubva muhero" nevamwe vazhinji - vanozivikanwa zvikuru kunyange kune avo vasingafariri unyanzvi zvikuru.

Rublev's iconography

Mifananidzo uye fresco yaAndrei Rublev yakava muenzaniso wokutevedzera mamwe marudzi ose. Zvose zvavo zvakazara nekufungisisa uye kuzvininipisa, kudziya uye rudo kunaKristu. Izvi zvinoparadzanisa basa rake kubva pamabasa eTheophanes the Greek, uyo akadzidzisa Rublev. Nyanzvi yeByzantine yakanyora nesimba uye inosuruvarisa, yakasika. Andrei Rublev akatengesa chikamu chemweya wake pachipfuva chake. Mufananidzo wekare weRussia wemufananidzo wezvifananidzo hausiye usina hanya nevanyori kana vanhuwo zvavo.

Pakupera kwezana remakore rechina, apo Russia yakabvisa joko reTatar-Mongol, Moscow yakatanga kubudirira uye yakashandurwa kuva nzvimbo chaiyo-guta guru rehurumende yakasimba zvikuru. Architecture yakanga yakazara. Moscow Kremlin yakatsamwiswa zvisingazivikanwi. Imwe huru yakavakwa yakaratidza kuti yakashongedzwa neKathedral Square. Matemberi akanga akashongedzwa nenhamba yakawanda yemifananidzo uye frescoes yekunaka kunoshamisa.

Nyika yose

Panguva ino, kushandiswa kweunyanzvi kunobudirira zvakare . Imwe mhuri neyechidiki yakatanga kurayira tenzi akave akavezwa zvinhu zvakagadzirwa, makapu, ndiro, izvo zvakawanda zvaiendeswa kune vatemberi nematemberi.

Inonyanya kuzikanwa kusvina Rus yekare. Chikamu chikuru chacho chinomiririrwa muSolovki Monastery. Vashandi vevheiri dzakagadzirwa "Cyril Belozersky", marigold iconostases, "Our Lady of the Burning" nevamwe. Zvese dzinomiririrwa muRussian Museum uye dzinoita chikamu chikuru chechimiro chechimiro chehurumende yeRussia.

Iko XVII yezana remakore yakakurumbira kuburikidza nekugadzirwa kwayo kwezvakagadziriswa. Imba inonyanya kukosha ndeye Armory Chamber, yakagadzirwa nevanakisisa masters. Nenguva imwechete yakaratidzwa nekutangira kwemafananidzo ekuRussia. Zviso zveumambo zvakafananidzirwa muhutano hwemifananidzo yekudhira. Mazita emabasa ekare kare ekuRussia muzvigadzirwa zvekugadzirwa kwemashoko anozivikanwa zvikuru, somuenzaniso, "Chinese Cross" naB Bogdan Saltanov.

Zviitiko zvegore ra1917 zvakatungamirira kukutonga kwekusatenda kwaMwari. Zvivako zvakawanda zvekuraira kwekare kweRussia nemapurani zvakarasika zvachose, izvo zvakaita kuti zvibvirire kudzidza nguva yakakura yeOrthodox. Zvisinei, makore mazhinji gare gare, kufarira munhoroondo yaro kwakatangira mberi uye ikozvino, pamusoro wepamusoro, mifananidzo zvakare inobata nzvimbo yavo yakakodzera mumachechi echiRussia.